Reliability and Validity Assessment of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Availability and Responsiveness in Intrapartum Care Scale (EAR-IC).

BACKGROUND: Emotional availability and responsiveness in intrapartum care increase women's birth satisfaction, comfort, and quality of nursing/midwifery care. In Turkey, there is no instrument for measuring emotional availability and responsiveness in intrapartum care. AIM: An established translation, reliability, and validation approach was used to obtain the Turkish form of the A-EAR-IC scale. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. This study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 132 Turkish midwives working in the birth room. The construct validity of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, whereas the concurrent scale validity was tested using the Emotional Labor Behavior Scale. Internal consistency analysis was performed to test the reliability of the scale. RESULTS: The results of the EAR-IC measure showed that it fit the one-factor model. The goodness-of-fit indices of the one-factor model containing eight items were acceptable. The instrument showed satisfactory content validity (I-CVI =0.80-1.00, S-CVI =0.88). According to CFA, the structure with one factor showed acceptable model fit (χ2/df: 1.74, CFI: 0.96, IFI: 0.96, RMSEA: 0.07, and SRMR: 0.02). Concurrent validity of the instrument was assessed with the "in-depth behavior" subscale of the Emotional Labor Behavior Scale for Nursing. Spearman's correlations revealed that the EAR-IC was moderately positively correlated with the in-depth behavior concern subscale of the ELBS (rho =0.62, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the EAR-IC is a suitable, effective, and reliable instrument for measuring the emotional aspects of intrapartum caregiving midwives.

Investigating Body Image and Self-Esteem in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is one of the life-saving therapies for patients with end-stage renal disease, which affects a person's psychological, social, and physical well-being. How transplanted patients perceive their illness and their body can affect their physical and psychological recovery. AIM: This qualitative study was designed to evaluate self-esteem and body image in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: The study involved 16 female renal transplanted patients. Data were collected using a two-part interview form developed by the investigators in accordance with the literature. We used Lundman's method to transcribe the interviews and coded the data from the interviews. The results of the study were discussed using the themes. The first three interviews were entered into MAXQDA, and then, additional interviews were analyzed. RESULTS: Six main themes and 15 subthemes were generated based on the thematic analysis of the interviews with participants about body image and self-esteem. Themes included body acceptance, changes in body image, deterioration of social relationships, changes in self-esteem, spousal concerns, and organ perceptions. This study collected detailed data on body image, self-esteem, social relationships, and spouse/partner relationships after kidney transplantation. CONCLUSION: The change in participants' body image and self-esteem after kidney transplantation caused having negative feelings regarding sexual life, relationships, and social life and feeling unfamiliar with the transplanted organ.