Christmas article: Case of uncombable hair syndrome discovered after publication of article in Ugeskrift for Læger.

Uncombable hair syndrome is a rare hair shaft anomaly presenting in childhood with blond, frizzy, and unruly hair. This case report presents a 9-year-old boy with remarkable hair where the mother, after reading a medical paper on hair shaft anomalies, suspected uncombable hair syndrome. She reached out to the author group, and the employment of molecular genetics later confirmed the diagnosis of uncombable hair syndrome. This case report serves as an example of how digital access enables the attention of patients and relatives to be directed towards rare conditions.

Keratosis pilaris. / Keratosis pilaris.

Keratosis pilaris, or 'plucked chicken skin', is a very common condition. It is caused by keratin accumulation in the hair follicles. Although mild cases of the condition can be considered to be a normal variant, it can lead to multiple appointments with general practitioners and dermatologists. In rare cases, keratosis pilaris can form part of specific syndromes or be associated with other diseases. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the different variants of keratosis pilaris and discuss the pathogenesis and treatment options.

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is a genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It is a tumour predisposition syndrome characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and increased susceptibility to develop renal cell carcinoma. There are 200-300 families with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma reported worldwide, but the syndrome is believed to be underdiagnosed. Cutaneous leiomyomas are small smooth muscle tumours that tend to grow over time. Larger lesions, in particular, can cause pain or itching. Uterine leiomyomas have a high penetrance in women with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer. They frequently cause symptoms, and surgical intervention is often necessary. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer-associated renal cell carcinomas have a high potential to metastasize. Patients are diagnosed by genetic testing if a pathogenic mutation is demonstrated in the gene encoding fumarate hydratase. Immunohistochemistry may be a useful diagnostic approach in patients without a detectable pathogenic mutation. Diagnosed patients should be monitored for renal tumours in a lifelong surveillance programme.