Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/-2) infection in pregnant women in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection may cause serious disease, while pathogenicity of HTLV-2 is less certain. There are no screening or surveillance programs for HTLV-1/-2 infection in Brazil. By performing this systematic review, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1/-2 infections in pregnant women in Brazil. This review included cohort and cross-sectional studies that assessed the presence of either HTLV-1/-2 infection in pregnant women in Brazil. We searched BVS/LILACS, Cochrane Library/CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and gray literature from inception to August 2020. We identified 246 records in total. Twenty-six of those were included in the qualitative synthesis, while 17 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in Brazilian pregnant women, as diagnosed by a positive screening test and a subsequent positive confirmatory test, was 0.32% (95% CI 0.19-1.54), while of HTLV-2 was 0.04% (95% CI 0.02-0.08). Subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence in the Northeast region (0.60%; 95% CI 0.37-0.97) for HTLV-1 and in the South region (0.16%; 95% CI 0.02-1.10) for HTLV-2. The prevalence of HTLV-1 is much higher than HTLV-2 infection in pregnant Brazilian women with important differences between regions. The prevalence of both HTLV-1/-2 are higher in the Northeast compared to Center-West region.

Timing and Type of Alcohol Consumption and the Metabolic Syndrome - ELSA-Brasil.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide. Its association with alcohol intake, a major lifestyle factor, is unclear, particularly with respect to the influence of drinking with as opposed to outside of meals. We investigated the associations of different aspects of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components. In cross-sectional analyses of 14,375 active or retired civil servants (aged 35-74 years) participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we fitted logistic regression models to investigate interactions between the quantity of alcohol, the timing of its consumption with respect to meals, and the predominant beverage type in the association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, light consumption of alcoholic beverages with meals was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (≤4 drinks/week: OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.97; 4 to 7 drinks/week: OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.61-0.92), compared to abstention/occasional drinking. On the other hand, greater consumption of alcohol consumed outside of meals was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (7 to 14 drinks/week: OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.11-1.57; ≥14 drinks/week: OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.29-1.98). Drinking predominantly wine, which occurred mostly with meals, was significantly related to a lower syndrome prevalence; drinking predominantly beer, most notably when outside of meals and in larger quantity, was frequently associated with a greater prevalence. In conclusion, the alcohol-metabolic syndrome association differs markedly depending on the relationship of intake to meals. Beverage preference-wine or beer-appears to underlie at least part of this difference. Notably, most alcohol was consumed in metabolically unfavorable type and timing. If further investigations extend these findings to clinically relevant endpoints, public policies should recommend that alcohol, when taken, should be preferably consumed with meals.

Association between LAP Index (Lipid Accumulation Product) and metabolic profile in hospitalized patients.

INTRODUCTION: Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Index correlates to cardiovascular risk factors in general population but it has not been tested in hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate associations between LAP Index and metabolic profile in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 90 inpatients. Lipid profile, fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were obtained from electronic medical records. Weight, height and waist circumferences (WC) were assessed; Body Mass Index (BMI) and LAP Index were calculated. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. Pearson's correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were used to assess the objectives. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 55.03 ± 14.86 years and 47.8% (n = 43) were men. After adjustment for sex, age and physic activity LAP Index (log-transformed) was significantly associated with HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), fasting glucose (p = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03) and a trend toward total cholesterol (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: There are independent association between LAP Index (log-transformed) and metabolic profile in hospitalized patients.

Introducción: el índice PAL (Producto de Acumulación Lipídica) se correlaciona con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en la población general, pero no ha sido probado en pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivos: evaluar las asociaciones entre el índice PAL y el perfil metabólico en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: estudio transversal con 90 pacientes hospitalizados. Se obtuvieron de los registros médicos electrónicos el perfil lipídico, la glucosa en ayunas y las mediciones de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Fueron evaluados el peso, la talla y la circunferencia de la cintura (CC); se calcularon el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el Índice de PAL. Los datos se expresan como media ± desviación estándar o porcentaje. Para evaluar los objetivos se utilizaron la correlación de Pearson y la regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: la edad promedio de los participantes fue de 55,03 ± 14,86 años y el 47,8% (n = 43) eran hombres. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y actividad física, el índice PAL (transformado-log) se asoció significativamente con el HDL-colesterol (p < 0,001), la glucosa en ayunas (p=0,02), la presión arterial sistólica (p = 0,03) y una tendencia hacia el colesterol total (p = 0,07). Conclusión: en los pacientes hospitalizados existe una asociación independiente entre el índice PAL (transformado- log) y el perfil metabólico.