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The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of an oxamate-containing erbium(III) complex, namely, tetrabutylammonium aqua[N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxamato]erbium(III)-dimethyl sulfoxide-water (1/3/1.5), (C16H36N)[Er(C11H12NO3)4(H2O)]·3C2H6OS·1.5H2O or n-Bu4N[Er(Htmpa)4(H2O)]·3DMSO·1.5H2O (1), are reported. The crystal structure of 1 reveals the occurrence of an erbium(III) ion, which is surrounded by four N-phenyl-substituted oxamate ligands and one water molecule in a nine-coordinated environment, together with one tetrabutylammonium cation acting as a counter-ion, and one water and three dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) molecules of crystallization. Variable-temperature static (dc) and dynamic (ac) magnetic measurements were carried out for this mononuclear complex, revealing that it behaves as a field-induced single-ion magnet (SIM) below 5.0â K.
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Developing and investigating advanced multifunctional materials with magnetic properties as candidates for assembling spin qubits for quantum computing is imperative. A new polytopic ligand based on oxamate and aniline was used to promote the synthesis of three neutral homometallic lanthanide-coordinated polymers. New complexes with the formula {Ln(phox)3(DMSO)2(H2O)}n, where Ln = Eu3+ (1), Gd3+ (2), and Tb3+ (3) [phox = N-(phenyl)oxamate and DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide], were synthesized and well characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis. All crystalline structures comprise neutral zigzag chains. The lanthanide ions are linked by three phox ligands, in which two oxygen atoms from two different ligands are responsible for connecting the trivalent lanthanide ions, and one phox ligand completes the coordination sphere in a bis-bidentate mode, together with two DMSO molecules and one water coordination molecule. The coordination sphere of lanthanide ions consisted of spherical capped square antiprism (CSAPR-9) symmetry. The magnetic properties of 1-3 were investigated in the 2-300 K temperature range. The dynamic (ac) magnetic properties of 2 reveal a frequency dependence involving the phonon bottleneck mechanism below 33 K under nonzero applied dc magnetic fields, resulting in an example of a field-induced single-molecule magnet. Solid-state photophysical measurements for Eu3+ (1) and Tb3+ (3) complexes indicate that the N-(phenyl)oxamate ligands are very efficient in sensitizing the lanthanide(III) ions in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited an emission in the red and green regions, respectively. Experimental results and theoretical calculations using the Sparkle/RM1 method support a quantum efficiency of â¼72% for 1, suggesting its potential as a candidate for light conversion molecular devices (LCMDs).
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Increasing rates of autoimmune and inflammatory disease present a burgeoning threat to human health1. This is compounded by the limited efficacy of available treatments1 and high failure rates during drug development2, highlighting an urgent need to better understand disease mechanisms. Here we show how functional genomics could address this challenge. By investigating an intergenic haplotype on chr21q22-which has been independently linked to inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Takayasu's arteritis3-6-we identify that the causal gene, ETS2, is a central regulator of human inflammatory macrophages and delineate the shared disease mechanism that amplifies ETS2 expression. Genes regulated by ETS2 were prominently expressed in diseased tissues and more enriched for inflammatory bowel disease GWAS hits than most previously described pathways. Overexpressing ETS2 in resting macrophages reproduced the inflammatory state observed in chr21q22-associated diseases, with upregulation of multiple drug targets, including TNF and IL-23. Using a database of cellular signatures7, we identified drugs that might modulate this pathway and validated the potent anti-inflammatory activity of one class of small molecules in vitro and ex vivo. Together, this illustrates the power of functional genomics, applied directly in primary human cells, to identify immune-mediated disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Inflamação , Macrófagos , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica c-ets-2 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Células Cultivadas , Cromossomos Humanos Par 21/genética , Bases de Dados Factuais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genômica , Haplótipos/genética , Inflamação/genética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica c-ets-2/genética , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica c-ets-2/metabolismo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismoRESUMO
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display technologies, but still suffer from severe instability driven by electric field. Here, we develop a stable, efficient and high-color purity hybrid LED with a tandem structure by combining the perovskite LED and the commercial organic LED technologies to accelerate the practical application of perovskites. Perovskite LED and organic LED with close photoluminescence peak are selected to maximize photon emission without photon reabsorption and to achieve the narrowed emission spectra. By designing an efficient interconnecting layer with p-type interface doping that provides good opto-electric coupling and reduces Joule heating, the resulting green emitting hybrid LED shows a narrow linewidth of around 30 nm, a peak luminance of over 176,000 cd m-2, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40%, and an operational half-lifetime of over 42,000 h.
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The glutamatergic modulator ketamine is associated with changes in sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI). This study sought to evaluate differences in arousal-related sleep metrics between 36 individuals with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) and 25 healthy volunteers (HVs). It also sought to determine whether ketamine normalizes arousal in individuals with TRD and whether ketamine's effects on arousal mediate its antidepressant and anti-SI effects. This was a secondary analysis of a biomarker-focused, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Polysomnography (PSG) studies were conducted one day before and one day after ketamine/placebo infusions. Sleep arousal was measured using spectral power functions over time including alpha (quiet wakefulness), beta (alert wakefulness), and delta (deep sleep) power, as well as macroarchitecture variables, including wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), rapid eye movement (REM) latency, and Post-Sleep Onset Sleep Efficiency (PSOSE). At baseline, diagnostic differences in sleep macroarchitecture included lower TST (p = 0.006) and shorter REM latency (p = 0.04) in the TRD versus HV group. Ketamine's temporal dynamic effects (relative to placebo) in TRD included increased delta power earlier in the night and increased alpha and delta power later in the night. However, there were no significant diagnostic differences in temporal patterns of alpha, beta, or delta power, no ketamine effects on sleep macroarchitecture arousal metrics, and no mediation effects of sleep variables on ketamine's antidepressant or anti-SI effects. These results highlight the role of sleep-related variables as part of the systemic neurobiological changes initiated after ketamine administration. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT00088699.
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Nível de Alerta , Estudos Cross-Over , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento , Ketamina , Polissonografia , Humanos , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/farmacologia , Masculino , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Nível de Alerta/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/fisiopatologia , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Ideação Suicida , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mixed Br/Cl perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) exhibit bright pure-blue emission benefiting for fulfilling the Rec. 2100 standard. However, phase segregation remains a significant challenge that severely affects the stability and emission spectrum of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we demonstrate the optimization of the spacing between polydentate functional groups of polymer ligands to match the surface pattern of CsPbBr1.8Cl1.2 PeNCs, resulting in effective synergistic passivation effect and significant improvements in PeLED performances. The block and alternating copolymers with different inter-functional group spacing are facilely synthesized as ligands for PeNCs. Surprisingly, block copolymers with a higher functional group density do not match PeNCs, while alternating copolymers enable efficient PeNCs with the high photoluminescence intensity, low non-radiative recombination rate and high exciton binding energy. Density functional theory calculations clearly confirm the almost perfect match between alternating copolymers and PeNCs. Finally, pure-blue PeLEDs are achieved with the emission at 467â nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.131, 0.071), high external quantum efficiency (9.1 %) and record spectral and operational stabilities (~80â mins) in mixed-halide PeLEDs. Overall, this study contributes to designing the polymer ligands and promoting the development of high-performance and stable pure-color PeLEDs towards display applications.
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Electroencephalographic (EEG) deficits in slow wave activity or Delta power (0.5-4 Hz) indicate disturbed sleep homeostasis and are hallmarks of depression. Sleep homeostasis is linked to restorative sleep and potential antidepressant response via non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) during which neurons undergo essential repair and rejuvenation. Decreased Low Delta power (0.5-2 Hz) was previously reported in individuals with depression. This study investigated power levels in the Low Delta (0.5-<2 Hz), High Delta (2-4 Hz), and Total Delta (0.5-4 Hz) bands and their association with age, sex, and disrupted sleep in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the nightly progressions of Total Delta, Low Delta, and High Delta in 100 individuals with TRD and 24 healthy volunteers (HVs). Polysomnographic parameters were also examined, including Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep Efficiency (SE), and Wake after Sleep Onset (WASO). Individuals with TRD had lower Delta power during the first NREM episode (NREM1) than HVs. The deficiency was observed in the Low Delta band versus High Delta. Females with TRD had higher Delta power than males during the first NREM1 episode, with the most noticeable sex difference observed in Low Delta. In individuals with TRD, Low Delta power correlated with WASO and SE, and High Delta correlated with WASO. Low Delta power deficits in NREM1 were observed in older males with TRD, but not females. These results provide compelling evidence for a link between age, sex, Low Delta power, sleep homeostasis, and non-restorative sleep in TRD.
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Ritmo Delta , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento , Eletroencefalografia , Polissonografia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/fisiopatologia , Ritmo Delta/fisiologia , Idoso , Caracteres Sexuais , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the perceived value of outdoor activities and exercise persistence among elderly Chinese individuals. Specifically, the study aims to explore whether motivation for active social adaptation mediates this relationship. Three hundred twenty-five subjects were randomly chosen and invited to complete 3 questionnaires about the perceived value of outdoor activity, the motivation for active social adaptation, and the adherence to physical exercise. The results showed that older people's perception of the value of outdoor activity (function, landscape, and cost) has a statistically significant effect on their adherence to exercise. The mediating role of motivation for active social adaptation was also statistically significant, and the mediating role of active environmental adaptation motivation affected the perceived functional value, perceived landscape value of outdoor activities on adherence to exercise. Hence, it is concluded that older Chinese adults' perception of the value of outdoor activities promotes their adherence to exercise and reinforces it based on active social adaptation motivation.
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Exercício Físico , Motivação , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , China , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ajustamento Social , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Dielectric constant of non-fullerene acceptors plays a critical role in organic solar cells in terms of exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Current acceptors feature a dielectric constant of 3-4, correlating to relatively high recombination loss. We demonstrate that selenium substitution on acceptor central core can effectively modify molecule dielectric constant. The corresponding blend film presents faster hole-transfer of ~5 ps compared to the sulfur-based derivative (~10 ps). However, the blends with Se-acceptor also show faster charge recombination after 100 ps upon optical pumping, which is explained by the relatively disordered stacking of the Se-acceptor. Encouragingly, dispersing the Se-acceptor in an optimized organic solar cell system can interrupt the disordered aggregation while still retain high dielectric constant. With the improved dielectric constant and optimized fibril morphology, the ternary device exhibits an obvious reduction of non-radiative recombination to 0.221 eV and high efficiency of 19.0%. This work unveils heteroatom-substitution induced dielectric constant improvement, and the associated exciton dynamics and morphology manipulation, which finally contributes to better material/device design and improved device performance.
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For stable operation of ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes (uFTEs), it is critical to implement effective risk management during concurrent multi-loading operation of electrical bias and mechanical folding cycles in high-humidity environments. Despite extensive efforts in preparing solution-processed uFTEs with cost-effective and high-throughput means, achieving in-situ nano-adhesion in heterogeneous metal-oxide nanocomposites remains challenging. In this work, we observed by serendipity liquid-like behaviour of transparent metal-oxide-semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) onto silver nanowires (AgNWs) developed by in-situ solution processed method (iSPM). This enabled us to address the long-standing issue of vulnerability in the nanocomposite caused by the interface of dissimilar materials between AgNWs and ZnONPs, resulting in a remarkably improved multi-loading operation. Importantly, substrate-integrated uFTEs constituted of the metal-oxide nanocomposite electrode semi-embedded in the polymer matrix of greatly thin <0.5 µm thickness is successfully demonstrated with the smooth surface topography, promoted by the tri-system integration including (i) AgNW-AgNW, (ii) ZnONP-ZnONP, and (iii) AgNW-ZnONP systems. Our finding unveils the complex interfacial dynamics associated with the heterogeneous interface system between AgNWs and ZnONPs and holds great promise in understanding the in-situ nano-adhesion process and increasing the design flexibility of next generation solution-processed uFTEs.
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This study examines the structures, energies, and IR vibrational spectra of the sulfur dioxide-water SO2(H2O) complexes by employing coupled cluster theory CCSD(T) with Dunning style correlation consistent type basis sets aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z (n = D, T, Q, 5). Complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations have been carried out to predict binding energies for two isomers of the SO2(H2O) complex: a stacked global minimum (1A) structure and a hydrogen-bonded local minimum (1B) structure. The CCSD(T)/CBS extrapolation predicts an intermolecular S-O distance rSâ¯O = 2.827 Å for the stacked isomer, which is in excellent agreement with an experimental measurement of 2.824 Å [K. Matsumura et al., J. Chem. Phys., 91, 5887 (1989)]. The CCSD(T)/CBS binding energy for the stacked dimer 1A and hydrogen-bonded form 1B is De = -4.37 kcal/mol and De = -2.40 kcal/mol, respectively. This study also employs anharmonic VPT2 MP2/aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z level corrections to CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z vibrational frequencies in both forms of SO2(H2O). The anharmonic CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z OH stretching frequencies in the stacked structure 1A are 3743 cm-1 (ν3) and 3647 cm-1 (ν1), and these align well with the recorded IR spectroscopic values of 3745 and 3643 cm-1, respectively [C. Wang et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 13, 5654 (2022)]. If we combine CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z De values with VPT2 vibrational frequencies, we obtain a new CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z anharmonic dissociation energy D0 = -3.48 kcal/mol for 1A and D0 = -1.74 kcal/mol for 1B. In summary, the results presented here demonstrate that the application of CCSD(T) calculations with aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z basis sets and CBS extrapolations is critical in probing the structure and IR spectroscopic properties of the sulfur dioxide-water complex.
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Structural and electrochemical properties of bismuth ferrite nanostructures produced by pulsed laser deposition with various morphologies are reported. The nanostructures are also explored as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that various bismuth ferrite morphologies were produced by varying the background pressure (10-6, 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Torr) in the deposition chamber and submitting them to a thermal treatment after deposition at 500â¦C. The as-deposited bismuth ferrite nanostructures range from very compact thin-film (10-6, 0.01, 0.10 Torr), to clustered nanoparticles (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 Torr), to very dispersed arrangement of nanoparticles (2.0 and 4.0 Torr). The electrochemical characteristic of the electrodes was investigated through cyclic voltammetry process. The increase in the specific surface area of the nanostructures as background pressure in the chamber increases does not lead to an increase in interfacial capacitance. This is likely due to the wakening of electrical contact between nanoparticles with increasing porosity of the nanostructures. The thermal treatment increased the contact between nanoparticles, which caused an increase in the interfacial capacitance of the nanostructure deposited under high background pressure in the chamber.
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A three-dimensional terbium(III) coordination polymer of formula [Tb(bttb)0.5(2,5-pzdc)0.5]n (1) [H4bttb = 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4'-carboxyphenyl)benzene and H2-2,5-pzdc = 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid] was obtained under hydrothermal conditions. The bttb4- tetraanion in 1 adopts the bridging and chelating-bridging pseudo-oxo coordination modes while the 2,5-pzdc2- dianion exhibits a rather unusual bis-bidentate bridging pseudo-oxo coordination mode, both ligands being responsible for the stiffness of the resulting 3D structure. Solid-state photoluminescent measurements illustrate that 1 exhibits remarkable green luminescence emission, the most intense band occurring in the region of 550 nm (5D4 â 7F5) with lifetimes at the millisecond scale. Thermometric performances of 1 reveal a maximum relative sensitivity (Sm) of 0.76% K-1 at 295 K (δT = 0.05 K), constituting a TbIII ratiometric solid luminescent thermometer over the physiological temperature range. Variable-temperature static (dc) magnetic susceptibility measurements for 1 in the temperature range 2.0-300 K show the expected behavior for the depopulation of the splitted mJ levels of the 7F7 ground state of the magnetically anisotropic terbium(III) ion plus a weak antiferromagnetic interaction through the carboxylate bridges. No significant out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility signals were observed for 1 in the temperature range 2.0-10.0 K, either in the absence or presence of a static dc magnetic field.
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Chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides innovative approach to spintronics and quantum-based devices for chiral materials. Different from the conventional ferromagnetic devices, the application of CISS effect is potential to operate under room temperature and zero applied magnetic field. Low dimensional chiral perovskites by introducing chiral amines are beginning to show significant CISS effect for spin injection, but research on chiral perovskites is still in its infancy, especially on spin-light emitting diode (spin-LED) construction. Here, the spin-QLEDs enabled by 2D chiral perovskites as CISS layer for spin-dependent carrier injection and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as light emitting layer are reported. The regulation pattern of the chirality and thickness of chiral perovskites, which affects the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) emission of spin-QLED, is discovered. Notably, the spin injection polarization of 2D chiral perovskites is higher than 80% and the CP-EL asymmetric factor (gCP-EL ) achieves up to 1.6 × 10-2 . Consequently, this work opens up a new and effective approach for high-performance spin-LEDs.
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Nickel oxide (NiOx ) is one of the most promising hole transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its application is severely restrained due to unfavorable interfacial reactions and insufficient charge carrier extraction. Herein, a multifunctional modification at the NiOx /perovskite interface is developed via introducing fluorinated ammonium salt ligand to synthetically solve the obstacles. Specifically, the interface modification can chemically convert detrimental Ni≥3+ to lower oxidation state, resulting in the elimination of interfacial redox reactions. Meanwhile, interfacial dipole is incorporated simultaneously to tune the work function of NiOx and optimize energy level alignment, which effectively promotes the charge carrier extraction. Therefore, the modified NiOx -based inverted PSCs achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.93%. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices obtain a significantly enhanced long-term stability, maintaining over 85% and 80% of the initial PCEs after storage in ambient air with a high relative humidity of 50-60% for 1000 h and continuous operation at maximum power point under one-sun illumination for 700 h, respectively.
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OBJECTIVES: This study explored the potential of non-parametric and complexity analysis metrics to detect changes in activity post-ketamine and their association with depressive symptomatology. METHODS: Individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD: n = 27, 16F, 35.9 ± 10.8 years) and healthy volunteers (HVs: n = 9, 4F, 36.4 ± 9.59 years) had their activity monitored during an inpatient, double-blind, crossover study where they received an infusion of ketamine or saline placebo. All participants were 18-65 years old, medication-free, and had a MADRS score ≥20. Non-parametric metrics averaged over each study day, metrics derived from complexity analysis, and traditionally calculated non-parametric metrics averaged over two weeks were calculated from the actigraphy time series. A separate analysis was conducted for a subsample (n = 17) to assess the utility of these metrics in a hospital setting. RESULTS: In HVs, lower intradaily variability was observed within daily rest/activity patterns post-ketamine versus post-placebo (F = 5.16(1,15), p = 0.04). No other significant effects of drug or drug-by-time or correlations between depressive symptomatology and activity were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Weak associations between non-parametric variables and ketamine were found but were not consistent across actigraphy measures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00088699.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder caused by periodic airway obstructions and has been associated with numerous health consequences, which are thought to result from tissue hypoxia. However, challenges in the direct measurement of tissue-level oxygenation make it difficult to analyze the hypoxia exposure pattern in patients. Furthermore, current clinical practice relies on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and pulse oximetry to assess OSA severity, both of which have limitations. To overcome this, we developed a clinically deployable mathematical model, which outputs tissue-level oxygenation. The model incorporates spatial pulmonary oxygen uptake, considers dissolved oxygen, and can use time-dependent patient inputs. It was applied to explore a series of breathing patterns that are clinically differentiated. Supporting previous studies, the result of this analysis indicated that the AHI is an unreliable indicator of hypoxia burden. As a proof of principle, polysomnography data from two patients was analyzed with this model. The model showed greater sensitivity to breathing in comparison with pulse oximetry and provided systemic venous oxygenation, which is absent from clinical measurements. In addition, the dissolved oxygen output was used to calculate hypoxia burden scores for each patient and compared to the clinical assessment, highlighting the importance of event length and cumulative impact of obstructions. Furthermore, an intra-patient statistical analysis was used to underscore the significance of closely occurring obstructive events and to highlight the utility of the model for quantitative data processing. Looking ahead, our model can be used with polysomnography data to predict hypoxic burden on the tissues and help guide patient treatment decisions.
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INTRODUCTION: The recent validation of three Diagnostic Radiography programmes in the south of England involved a rigorous approval process with multiple Professional and Statutory Regulatory Bodies (PSRB's). Part of the validation process was evidencing that approximately 50% of each programme is spent undertaking practice-based learning. As well as clinical placements, practice-based learning includes simulation-based education (SBE). METHODOLOGY: From May 2022 to June 2022, a questionnaire was sent to all 22 simulation education facilitators from health courses belonging to the University School Simulation Group. Ethical approval was reviewed and approved by the Learning and Teaching Hub Research Ethics Panel. RESULTS: Of the initial 22 participants invited, the response rate was 59% (13 participants). The main themes arising from the analysis was the use of a theoretical or conceptual framework, a breakdown of the simulation session components and the role of simulation training. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire study demonstrated that there was a need for a standardised guide on how to deliver SBE. There is also a lack of feedback, training, and reassurance for facilitators. However, facilitators would welcome training or further training and HEE and the University have taken steps to prioritise SBE. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The study highlighted how health professionals are delivering SBE within their subjects in innovative and creative ways. These ideas have helped to structure SBE within the new diagnostic radiography courses at the University.
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Pessoal de Saúde , Treinamento por Simulação , Humanos , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Aprendizagem , Escolaridade , RetroalimentaçãoRESUMO
Advancing inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for commercial applications given their compatibility with different bottom cells for tandem photovoltaics, low-temperature processability (≤100 °C), and promising operational stability. Although inverted PSCs have achieved an efficiency of over 25 % using doped or expensive organic hole transport materials (HTMs), their synthesis cost and stability still cannot meet the requirements for their commercialization. Recently, dopant-free and low-cost non-stoichiometric nickel oxide nanocrystals (NiOx NCs) have been extensively studied as a low-cost and effective HTM in perovskite optoelectronics. In this minireview, we summarize the synthesis and surface-functionalization methods of NiOx NCs. Then, the applications of NiOx NCs in other perovskite optoelectronics beyond photovoltaics are discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective for the future development of NiOx NCs for the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronics.
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Materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity are promising in many chiroptoelectronics fields, such as for biological probes, asymmetric photosynthesis, information storage, spintronic devices, and so on. Promoting the value of the dissymmetry factor (glum) for the CPL-active materials based on chiral perovskite draws increasing attention since a higher glum value indicates better CPL. In this work, we find that, after being treated with a facile solvent modulation strategy, the chirality of 2D chiral perovskite films has been enhanced a lot, which we attribute to an increased lattice distortion degree. By forming chiral perovskite/quantum dot (QD) composites, the CPL-active material is successfully obtained. The calculated maximum |glum| of these composites increased over 4 times after solvent modulation treatment (1.53 × 10-3 for the pristine sample of R-DMF and 6.91 × 10-3 for R-NMP) at room temperature. Moreover, the enhancement of the CPL intensity is ascribed to two aspects: one is the generation and transportation of spin-polarized charge carriers from chiral perovskite films to combine in the QD layer, and the other is the solvent modulation strategy to enlarge the lattice distortion of chiral perovskite films. This facile route provides an effective way to construct CPL-active materials. More importantly, this kind of composite material (chiral perovskite film/QD layer) can be easily applied for fabricating circularly polarized light-emitting diode devices for electroluminescence.