Relationship between the longitudinal trajectory of the triglyceride-glucose index and the development of CKD: an 8-year retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, is significantly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is limited research on the longitudinal trajectory of TyG index over time and its relationship with CKD. Objective: To analyse the characteristics of the longitudinal trajectory of the TyG index over time and its association with the development of CKD in a health check-up population. Methods: Participants who underwent at least three annual health check-ups at the Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 2015 to 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The latent class mixed model (LCMM) was used to identify the TyG index trajectory of the study population. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the CKD incidence risk in different quartile groups and the association of changes in the TyG index trajectory with the development of CKD. Results: A total of 4,921 participants were included in this study, and they were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the baseline TyG index: Q1 (5.43-6.66), Q2 (6.67-7.04), Q3 (7.05-7.43), and Q4 (7.43-9.97). There was no difference in the risk of CKD occurrence among the TyG groups. Three different TyG index trajectories were identified in this study: a high-level group, middle-level stable group and low-level stable group, respectively. The incidence rate of CKD in the high-level TyG index trajectory group was 2.399 times greater than that in the low-level stable trajectory group (HR=2.399, 95% CI 1.167-4.935). Conclusion: Individuals with long-term exposure to high TyG index levels had a significantly greater risk of CKD. Routine monitoring of the TyG index and its longitudinal trend will aid in the risk stratification of CKD in the general population and will be helpful for CKD prevention and targeted management.

Corrigendum: Relationship between the longitudinal trajectory of the triglyceride-glucose index and the development of CKD: an 8-year retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1376166.].

Global and regional burden estimation of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a meta-analysis and modelling analysis protocol.

INTRODUCTION: HIV infection is one of the complex aetiologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, the contribution of HIV to burden of NHL across time and region has not yet been comprehensively reported and quantified. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the relative risk of NHL in individuals with HIV infection compared with those without by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, we intend to further estimate quantitatively the degree of HIV contributing to burden of NHL using population attributable fraction (PAF) modelling analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study will screen a mass of records searched from four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science). The main outcomes are specific effect values and corresponding 95% CIs for NHL among population with HIV infection compared with those without to quantify the association between HIV infection and NHL. After quality assessment and data extraction, we will undertake a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR). Furthermore, PAF calculation based on pooled RR combines with number of age-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and HIV prevalence data (aged ≥15 years old) from 1990 to 2019, at global, regional and country levels. We will calculate the PAF, HIV-associated DALY number and age-standardised rate to quantify the burden of HIV-associated NHL. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is based on published articles; thus, the ethic approval is not essential. In addition, we intend to publish the results on peer-reviewed journals for more discussion. We believe that research on estimating global burden of NHL can provide valuable insights for developing targeted prevention and control strategies, thereby achieving significant benefits. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD 42023404150.

[Screening value and correlation of body measurement indices for metabolic syndrome in the population undergoing physical examinations in Chengdu during 2018-2020].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the screening value and correlation of body measurement indicators for metabolic syndrome(MS) and to provide evidence for MS screening. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional research approach, data from individuals aged 18 and above who participated in health examinations at the North Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed. Data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history were collected. Subsequently, a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), body adiposity index(BAI), abdominal volume index(AVI), relative fat mass index(RFM), and body mass index(BMI) were computed. The individuals were then divided into MS and non-MS groups. The value of body measurement indices in screening for MS in the population aged 18 and above was assessed using ROC curves. Regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between body measurement indices and MS. RESULTS: A total of 73 411 valid health examination data were obtained, including 44 426 males and 28 985 females. The MS group comprised 9181 males(21%) and 1668 females(6%). In the comparison between the MS and non-MS groups, there were statistically significant differences in ABSI((0.08±0.00) vs. (0.08±0.00)), BRI((4.95±0.67) vs. (4.17±0.68)), BAI((28.08±3.52) vs. (26.39±3.39)), AVI((17.51±2.77) vs. (12.85±2.91)), BMI((27.15±2.99) vs. (23.00±3.04)) and RFM((29.77±5.35) vs. (27.13±6.39))(P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ABSI(OR=2.303, 95%CI 1.190-4.457), BRI(OR=4.596, 95%CI 4.446-4.752), BAI(OR=1.144, 95%CI 1.137-1.151), AVI(OR=1.668, 95%CI 1.652-1.684), RFM(OR=1.067, 95%CI 1.064-1.071) and BMI(OR=1.516, 95%CI 1.503-1.528) were associated with MS(P<0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis corrected for sex, age, smoking and alcohol consumption showed that ABSI(OR=1.767, 95% CI 4.237-7.371), BRI(OR=5.441, 95% CI 5.228-5.663), BAI(OR=1.269, 95% CI 1.260-1.279), AVI(OR=1.648, 95% CI 1.631-1.665), RFM(OR=1.504, 95% CI 1.491-1.517) and BMI(OR=1.508, 95% CI 1.495-1.522) were associated with MS(P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that in adults, the AVI had the highest screening value for MS in males(AUC=0.855, optimal cutoff value=16.18), followed by RFM(AUC=0.844, optimal cutoff value=25.71), BMI(AUC=0.811, optimal cutoff value=25.21), BRI(AUC=0.793, optimal cutoff value=4.39), BAI(AUC=0.709, optimal cutoff value=25.88), and ABSI(AUC=0.671, optimal cutoff value=0.08). In adult females, the RFM had the highest screening value for MS(AUC=0.918, optimal cutoff value=37.01), followed by AVI(AUC=0.911, optimal cutoff value=13.43), BRI(AUC=0.901, optimal cutoff value=4.71), BMI(AUC=0.860, optimal cutoff value=23.94), ABSI(AUC=0.804, optimal cutoff value=0.08), and BAI(AUC=0.797, optimal cutoff value=29.92). CONCLUSION: ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, BMI and RFM are all capable of screening for MS. Among males, AVI has the highest screening value for MS, followed by RFM, BMI, BRI, BAI and ABSI. Among females, RFM has the highest screening value for MS, followed by AVI, BRI, BMI, ABSI and BAI. ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, RFM and BMI are positively correlated with MS.

Bi-Directional H-Bonding Modulated Soft/Hard Polyethylene Glycol-Polyaniline Coated Si-Anode for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries.

Ultrahigh-capacity silicon (Si) anodes are essential for the escalating energy demands driven by the booming e-transportation and energy storage field. However, their practical applications are strictly hampered by their intrinsically low electroconductivity, sluggish Li-ion diffusion, and undesirably large volume change. Herein, a high-performance Si anode, comprised of a modulated soft/hard coating of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as Li-ion conductor) and polyaniline (PANI) (as electron conductor) on the surface of Si nanoparticles (NPs) through H-bonding network, is introduced. In this design, the abundant ─OH groups of soft PEG allow it to uniformly cover Si NPs while the hard PANI binds to PEG through its ─N─H group, thus constructing a tight connectin between Si and PEG-PANI (PP). Consequently, the elastic PP allows Si@PP to accommodate the huge volume expansion while possessing fine electronic/ionic conductivity. Therefore, the Si@PP anode exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90.5% and a stable capacity of 1871 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1 with a retention of 85.7%. Additionally, the Si@PP anode also demonstrates a high areal capacity of 3.01 mAh cm-2 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 . This work reveals a scalable interface design of multi-layer multifunctional coatings for high-performance electrode materials in next-generation Li-ion batteries.

Regulating Grafting Density to Realize High-Areal-Capacity Silicon Submicroparticle Anodes Under Ultralow Binder Content.

Grafted biopolymer binders are demonstrated to improve the processability and cycling stability of the silicon (Si) nanoparticle anodes. However, there is little systematical exploration regarding the relationship between grafting density and performance of grafted binder for Si anodes, especially when Si particles exceed the critical breaking size. Herein, a series of guar gum grafted polyacrylamide (GP) binders with different grafting densities are designed and prepared to determine the optimal grafting density for maximizing the electrochemical performance of Si submicroparticle (SiSMP) anodes. Among various GP binders, GP5 with recommended grafting density demonstrates the strongest adhesion strength, best mechanical properties, and highest intrinsic ionic conductivity. These characteristics enable the SiSMP electrodes to sustain the electrode integrity and accelerate lithium-ion transport kinetics during cycling, resulting in high capacity and stable cyclability. The superior role of GP5 binder in enabling robust structure and stable interface of SiSMP electrodes is revealed through the PeakForce atomic force microscopy and in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the stable cyclabilities of high-loading SiSMP@GP5 electrode with ultralow GP5 content (1 wt%) at high areal capacity as well as the good cyclability of Ah-level LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/SiSMP@GP5 pouch cell strongly confirms the practical viability of the GP5 binder.

Risk and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and estimate the global incidence of PCOS-associated CVD. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis across five databases to evaluate the risk of CVD among women with PCOS. Global incidence of PCOS-associated CVD was calculated by a population attributable fraction (PAF) modelling using the pooled RR, PCOS prevalence, CVD incidence number and age-standardized rate (ASIR), from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. An estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess the temporal trend of PCOS-associated CVD. RESULTS: The risk of CVD was significantly increased in the women with PCOS for all-age group (pooled RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.36-1.69), and 10- to 54-year-old (1.37, 1.17-1.59). Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the PCOS associated CVD cases in women across all-age group has rised from 102 530 to 235 560. The most affected regions were East Asia & Pacific (108 430, 66 090-166 150) in 2019. The South Asia has the highest increase trend of PCOS-associated CVD ASIRs (EAPC 2.61%, 2.49-2.73). The annual increase ASIR in PCOS-CVD incidence for the 10-54 age group (EAPC 0.49%; 0.41-0.56) is faster than that of the all-age group (0.34; 0.27-0.42). The middle- or low-middle sociodemographic index countries, experienced higher increase trend of CVD due to PCOS in the past thirty years. CONCLUSIONS: Women with PCOS have a significantly increased risk of CVD. Efficient measures to enhance its prevention and treatment are important for regions with high PCOS-associated CVD burden, especially premature CVD in women under 55 years.

Studies have reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality for women. Meanwhile, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) substantially elevate the risk of CVD. However, no studies have quantified the impact of PCOS on the overall CVD burden. This study performed a meta-analysis to assess the risk of CVD in all-age group and 10 to 54 years old women, living with PCOS with 17 articles, and estimated the burdens of PCOS-associated CVD burden, by global, 7 World-bank defined regions, and 204 countries, from 1990 to 2019, using a PAF modelling. Our study implicated women in all-age group, and 10 to 54 years old with PCOS face a 1.51-fold, and 1.37-fold increased risk of CVD compared those without, respectively. Globally, approximately 0.85% of CVD new cases in 2019 were associated with PCOS, corresponded a more than 2-fold increase of PCOS-associated CVD cases from 1990. However, the burden of PCOS-associated CVD varies widely by region; for instance, nearly 1.49% of CVD new cases were attributed to PCOS in North America. Meanwhile, the East Asia & Pacific region had the highest PCOS-associated new CVD case, and the South Asia experienced the highest increase in age-standardised incidence rates of CVD due to PCOS. Notably, we found higher worldwide PAFs, and annual increase ASIR than that in all-age group women. This result suggests that premature CVD in women with PCOS under 55 years deserve more attention.

Sr-induced Fermi Engineering of ß-FeOOH for Multifunctional Catalysis.

Designing a multifunctional electrocatalyst to produce H2 from water, urea, urine, and wastewater, is highly desirable yet challenging because it demands precise Fermi-engineering to realize stronger π-donation from O 2p to electron(e- )-deficient metal (t2g ) d-orbitals. Here a Sr-induced phase transformed ß-FeOOH/α-Ni(OH)2 catalyst anchored on Ni-foam (designated as pt-NFS) is introduced, where Sr produces plenteous Fe4+ (Fe3+ → Fe4+ ) to modulate Fermi level and e- -transfer from e- -rich Ni3+ (t2g )-orbitals to e- -deficient Fe4+ (t2g )-orbitals, via strong π-donation from the π-symmetry lone-pair of O bridge. pt-NFS utilizes Fe-sites near the Sr-atom to break the H─O─H bonds and weakens the adsorption of *O while strengthening that of *OOH, toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Invaluably, Fe-sites of pt-NFS activate H2 -production from urea oxidation reaction (UOR) through a one-stage pathway which, unlike conventional two-stage pathways with two NH3 -molecules, involves only one NH3 -molecule. Owing to more suitable kinetic energetics, pt-NFS requires 133 mV (negative potential shift), 193 mV, ≈1.352 V, and ≈1.375 V versus RHE for HER, OER, UOR, and human urine oxidation, respectively, to reach the benchmark 10 mA cm-2 and also demonstrates remarkable durability of over 25 h. This work opens a new corridor to design multifunctional electrocatalysts with precise Fermi engineering through d-band modulation.

Electron-Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next-Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices.

Designing next-generation molecular devices typically necessitates plentiful oxygen-bearing sites to facilitate multiple-electron transfers. However, the theoretical limits of existing materials for energy conversion and information storage devices make it inevitable to hunt for new competitors. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a unique class of metal-oxide clusters, have been investigated exponentially due to their structural diversity and tunable redox properties. POMs behave as electron-sponges owing to their intrinsic ability of reversible uptake-release of multiple electrons. In this review, numerous POM-frameworks together with desired features of a contender material and inherited properties of POMs are systematically discussed to demonstrate how and why the electron-sponge-like nature of POMs is beneficial to design next-generation water oxidation/reduction electrocatalysts, and neuromorphic nonvolatile resistance-switching random-access memory devices. The aim is to converge the attention of scientists who are working separately on electrocatalysts and memory devices, on a point that, although the application types are different, they all hunt for a material that could exhibit electron-sponge-like feature to realize boosted performances and thus, encouraging the scientists of two completely different fields to explore POMs as imperious contenders to design next-generation nanodevices. Finally, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also highlighted.

Estimates of the global burden of non-Hodgkin lymphoma attributable to HIV: a population attributable modeling study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) significantly increases the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development, yet the population-level impact on NHL burden is unquantified. We aim to quantify this association and estimate the global burden of HIV-associated NHL. Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus) from database inception up to September 13, 2023, identifying cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies with an effective control group to assess NHL risk among individuals with HIV infection, with two authors extracting summary data from reports. Global and regional HIV-associated population attributable fraction (PAF) and NHL disease burden were calculated based on the pooled risk ratio (RR). HIV prevalence and NHL incidence were obtained from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Trends in NHL incidence due to HIV were assessed using age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023404150). Findings: Out of 14,929 literature sources, 39 articles met our inclusion criteria. The risk of NHL was significantly increased in the population living with HIV (pooled RR 23.51, 95% CI 17.62-31.37; I2 = 100%, p < 0.0001), without publication bias. Globally, 6.92% (95% CI 2.18%-11.57%) of NHL new cases in 2019 were attributable to HIV infection (30,503, 95% CI 9585-52,209), which marked a more than three-fold increase from 1990 (8340, 95% CI 3346-13,799). The UNAIDS region of Eastern and Southern Africa was the highest affected region, with 44.46% (95% CI 19.62%-58.57%) of NHL new cases attributed to HIV infection. The Eastern Europe and Central Asia region experienced the highest increase in ASIR of NHL due to HIV in the past thirty years, wherein the EAPC was 8.74% (95% CI 7.66%-9.84%), from 2010 to 2019. Interpretation: People with HIV infection face a significantly increased risk of NHL. Targeted prevention and control policies are especially crucial for countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, to achieve the UNAIDS's '90-90-90' Fast-Track targets. Limited studies across diverse regions and heterogeneity between research have hindered precise estimations for specific periods and regions. Funding: Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Health Care for Cadres of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China; Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.

Advanced inorganic lithium metasilicate binder for high-performance silicon anode.

Silicon (Si) is considered a high-capacity anode material with potential for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, the commercial application of Si anode is seriously hindered by huge volume variation (>300%) and limited Li+ diffusion ability. Herein, lithium metasilicate (LS), a novel inorganic binder, was innovatively developed to accommodate these challenges. Favorable compatibility is observed between the LS binder and Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) due to the existence of Si element within the LS skeleton. The interaction of the LS binder and SiNPs leads to a strong adhesion effect, enhancing the cycling stability of Si anode. The Si electrode with the LS binder presented an average discharge capacity of 2123 mAh/g at 0.84 A/g after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the presence of the Li+ transport channel within the LS binder enhances Li+ diffusion ability within Si anode. As a result, the average discharge capacity reaches 663 mAh/g at 8.4 A/g. This work thus explored new inorganic binder design approaches for Si anode, contributing to the advancement of high-performance Si anode.

Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The results of human observational studies on the correlation between gut microbiota perturbations and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been contradictory. This study aimed to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the specificity of the gut microbiota in PCOS patients compared to healthy women. METHODS: Literature through May 22, 2023, was searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library databases. Unreported data in diversity indices were filled by downloading and processing raw sequencing data. Systematic review inclusion: original studies were eligible if they applied an observational case-control design, performed gut microbiota analysis and reported diversity or abundance measures, sampled general pre-menopausal women with PCOS, and are longitudinal studies with baseline comparison between PCOS patients and healthy females. Systematic review exclusion: studies that conducted interventional or longitudinal comparisons in the absence of a control group. Two researchers made abstract, full-text, and data extraction decisions, independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the methodologic quality. Hedge's g standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I2) for alpha diversity were calculated. Qualitative syntheses of beta-diversity and microbe alterations were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies (n = 1022 patients, n = 928 control) that investigated gut microbiota by collecting stool samples were included, with 26 and 27 studies having provided alpha-diversity and beta-diversity results respectively. A significant decrease in microbial evenness and phylogenetic diversity was observed in PCOS patients when compared with control participants (Shannon index: SMD = - 0.27; 95% CI, - 0.37 to - 0.16; phylogenetic diversity: SMD = - 0.39; 95% CI, -- 0.74 to - 0.03). We also found that reported beta-diversity was inconsistent between studies. Despite heterogeneity in bacterial relative abundance, we observed depletion of Lachnospira and Prevotella and enrichment of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Escherichia/Shigella in PCOS. Gut dysbiosis in PCOS, which might be characterized by the reduction of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing and bile-acid-metabolizing bacteria, suggests a shift in balance to favor pro-inflammatory rather than anti-inflammatory bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Gut dysbiosis in PCOS is associated with decreased diversity and alterations in bacteria involved in microbiota-host crosstalk. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration: CRD42021285206, May 22, 2023.

Global and Regional Estimate of HIV-Associated Stroke Burden: A Meta-Analysis and Population Attributable Modeling Study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the correlation between human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) infection and stroke, as well as to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of HIV-associated stroke. METHODS: A registered meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant literature up to October 31, 2022. The pooled relative risk of stroke in HIV-infected people was calculated using a random-effects model. HIV prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) datasets were obtained from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS, and the Global Health Data Exchange, respectively. The population attributable fraction was estimated and delivered to calculate the HIV-associated DALYs of stroke from 1990 to 2019, at the global, regional, and national levels. Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to assess the correlation between the age-standardized rate or estimated annual percentage changes and the sociodemographic index. RESULTS: Out of 10 080 identified studies, 11 were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with individuals without HIV-infection, the pooled relative risk of stroke in HIV-infected individuals was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.18-1.65). From 1990 to 2019, the global population attributable fraction of HIV-associated stroke increased almost 3-fold, while the HIV-associated DALYs increased from 18 595 (95% CI, 7485-31 196) in 1990 to 60 684 (95% CI, 24 281-101 894) in 2019. Meanwhile, HIV-associated DALYs varied by region, with Eastern and Southern Africa having the highest value of 126 160 in 2019. Moreover, countries with middle social development index were shouldering the highest increase trend of the HIV-associated DALYs age-standardized rates. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected individuals face a significantly higher risk of stroke, and the global burden of HIV-associated stroke has increased over the past 3 decades, showing regional variations. Eastern and Southern Africa bear the highest burden, while Eastern Europe and Central Asia have seen significant growth. Health care providers, researchers, and decision-makers should give increased attention to stroke prevention and management in HIV-endemic areas. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: CRD42022367450.

Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide in adults with overweight or obese: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Semaglutide shows significant performance on weight reduction in several clinical trials. However, it is not clear what kind of administration frequency or dosage will achieve better effects. This study aims to explore the different therapeutic effect of semaglutide on weight control under the diverse administration circumstances. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception until 6 June, 2022 to include randomized controlled trials evaluating the Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide in overweight or obese adults. Random effects or fixed effects model was conducted based on the heterogeneity among trials. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the detailed effects under different intervention situations. Results and discussion: Our study included 13 RCTs involving 5,838 participants with 3,794 ones in semaglutide group and 2,044 in placebo group. Semaglutide was associated with a significant reduction on weight loss related outcomes, including the absolute value of weight loss (WMD -8·97, 95% CI -10·73 to -7·21), percentage of weight loss (WMD -10·00, 95% CI -11·99 to -8·00), body mass index (WMD-3·19, 95% CI -4·02 to -2·37) and waist circumference (WMD -7·21,95% CI -8·87 to -5·56). Subgroup analyses illustrated participants with high weekly dosage, long-term treatment duration and severe baseline BMI (Class II obesity) had a more remarkably decreasing on the main outcomes of weight loss (P for interaction<0·05). Total adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the daily administration group than that in the weekly group (P for interaction =0·01). During the treatment, the incidence rate of hypoglycemia was higher in the group without lifestyle intervention compared with that with lifestyle intervention (P for interaction =0·04). Interpretation Subcutaneous semaglutide had significant benefits on weight loss with reasonable safety in overweight or obese adults. Moreover, additional benefits on cardiometabolic profiles were also seen. We recommended semaglutide treatment to be coupled with lifestyle interventions, and target dose of 2·0 mg or more subcutaneously once weekly. Clinicians can choose suitable treatment schemes based on diverse individual situations. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=337099, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42022337099).

Breaking Barriers: Binder-Assisted NiS/NiS2 Heterostructure Anode with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Developing sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and long-term cycling stability is crucial to meet energy storage device requirements. Designing anode materials that could exhibit high ICE is a promising strategy to realize enhanced energy density in SIBs. A trifunctional network binder substantially improves the electrochemical performance and ICE, providing excellent mechanical properties and strong adhesion strength. A rationally designed electrode material and binder can achieve high ICE, long cycling performance, and excellent specific capacity. Here, a NiS/NiS2 heterostructure as an anode material and a trifunctional network binder (SA-g-PAM) are designed for SIBs. Unprecedently, the anode comprising of an SA-g-PAM binder achieved the highest ICE of 90.7% and remarkable cycling stability for 19000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g-1 and maintained the specific capacity of 482.3 mAh g-1 even after 19000 cycles. This exciting work provides an alternate direction to the battery industry for developing high-performance electrode materials and binders with high ICE and excellent cycling stability for energy storage devices.

Global and regional estimates of cervical cancer burden associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection from 1990 to 2019.

Previous studies reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could enhance human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer. Therefore, the burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV across different regions and time periods need to be assessed. We aim to investigate the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV infection. Age standardized rates (ASRs) of cervical cancer disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in females (≥15 years old) were calculated by standardization, according the age-specific DALYs numbers extracted from GBD data set 2019. Population attributable fractions was calculated by combining the published risk ratio, with the HIV prevalence (≥15 years old) from Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and transferred to estimate the HIV-associated cervical cancer burden. Expected annual percentage changes (EAPCs) was calculated to describe the temporal trend of ASR from 1990 to 2019. Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to assess the correlation between the ASR or EAPCs and the socio-demographic index. The worldwide DALYs ASR caused by HIV-associated cervical cancer rose from 3.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19-5.56) in 1990 to 9.50 (95% CI: 5.66-13.79) in 2019 per 100k population. In 2019, the region with the greatest burden was Eastern and Southern Africa, with the highest DALYs of 273 900 (95% CI: 149 100-476 400) and ASR of 254.44 per 100k population (95% CI: 168.86-329.28). Notably, the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions had the highest EAPC (14.07%) of HIV-associated DALYs ASR. Women in Eastern and Southern Africa experience the greatest burden of HIV-associated cervical cancer, while the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions had witnessed the largest increase over the last 30 years. Prioritize the promotion of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening for women living with HIV were crucial in these regions.

Time to abandon CAR-T monotherapy for solid tumors.

In recent decades, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved dramatic success in patients with hematological malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy failed to effectively treat solid tumors as a monotherapy. By summarizing the challenges of CAR-T cell monotherapy for solid tumors and analyzing the underlying mechanisms of combinatorial strategies to counteract these hurdles, we found that complementary therapeutics are needed to improve the scant and transient responses of CAR-T cell monotherapy in solid tumors. Further data, especially data from multicenter clinical trials regarding efficacy, toxicity, and predictive biomarkers are required before the CAR-T combination therapy can be translated into clinical settings.

V-Integration Modulates t2g -Electrons of a Single Crystal Ir1- x (Ir0.8 V0.2 O2 )x -BHC for Boosted and Durable OER in Acidic Electrolyte.

Realizing efficacious π-donation from the O 2p orbital to electron-deficient metal (t2g ) d-orbitals along with separately tuned adsorption of *O and *OOH, is an imperious pre-requisite for an electrocatalyst design to demonstrate boosted oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. To regulate the π-donation and the adsorption ability for *O and *OOH, herein, a facile strategy to modulate the electron transfer from electron-rich t2g -orbitals to electron-deficient t2g -orbitals, via strong π-donation from the π-symmetry lone pairs of the bridging O2- , and the d-band center of a biomimetic honeycomb (BHC)-like nanoarchitecture (Ir1- x (Ir0.8 V0.2 O2 )x -BHC) is introduced. The suitable integration of V heteroatoms in the single crystal system of IrO2 decreases the electron density on the neighboring Ir sites, and causes an upshift in the d-band center of Ir1- x (Ir0.8 V0.2 O2 )x -BHC, weakening the adsorption of *O while strengthening that of *OOH, lowers the energy barrier for OER. Therefore, BHC design demonstrates excellent OER performance (shows a small overpotential of 238 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 39.87 mV dec-1 ) with remarkable stability (130 h) in corrosive acidic electrolyte. This work opens a new corridor to design robust biomimetic nanoarchitectures of modulated π-symmetry (t2g ) d-orbitals and the band structure, to achieve excellent activity and durability in acidic environment.

Uniform Two-Dimensional Crystalline Platelets with Tailored Compositions for pH Stimulus-Responsive Drug Release.

Two-dimensional, size-tunable, water-dispersible particle micelles with spatially defined chemistries can be obtained by using "living" crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) approach. Nevertheless, a major obstacle of crystalline particles in drug delivery application is the difficulty in accessing to cargo within crystalline cores. In the present work, we design four different types of biocompatible two-dimensional platelets with a crystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) core, a hydrophobic poly(4-vinylprydine) (P4VP) segment, and a water dispersible poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMA) block in ethanol by seeded growth method. Transferring those uniform platelets with tailored compositions to an aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrophobic drug leads to efficient encapsulation of the cargo in the P4VP segments via hydrophobic interactions. These drug-loaded platelets exhibit pH-responsive release behavior in aqueous media due to the protonated-deprotonated process of P4VP blocks in acidic and neutral solutions. This work provides initial insight into biocompatible PCL platelets with low dispersity and precise chemistry control in stimulus-responsive drug delivery fields.

Partially Carbonized Polymer Binder with Polymer Dots for Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Large-scale applications of conventional conductive binders for silicon (Si) anodes are challenging to accomplish due to their complex synthesis steps and high cost. Herein, a carbonized polymer dots-assisted polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan (PVA-CS-CPDs) binder is developed through a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method. Through rational design, the PVA-CS-CPDs binder retains rich polar groups while forming conjugated structures. The conjugated structure endows the PVA-CS-CPDs with high electronic conductivity, and the retained polar groups maintain strong binding strength. The proposed water-soluble binding system acts as both a binder and conductive additive, enabling stable cycling for high-Si-content (90 wt.%) anodes without any other conductive additives.