RESUMO
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the pivotal driving factor of multiple inflammatory diseases, and targeting mitochondrial biogenesis represents an efficacious approach to ameliorate such dysfunction in inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrated that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) deficiency promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, PHGDH deficiency boosts mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) by suppressing cytoplasmic glutathione synthesis. mtROS provokes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling to direct nuclear specificity protein 1 and nuclear respiratory factor 1 transcription. Moreover, myeloid Phgdh deficiency reverses diet-induced obesity. Collectively, this study reveals that a mechanism involving de novo serine synthesis orchestrates mitochondrial biogenesis via mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication, and provides a potential therapeutic target for tackling inflammatory diseases and mitochondria-mediated diseases.
Assuntos
Macrófagos , Mitocôndrias , Biogênese de Organelas , Fosfoglicerato Desidrogenase , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Serina , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Animais , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Fosfoglicerato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fosfoglicerato Desidrogenase/genética , Serina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Camundongos Knockout , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Obesidade/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Reprogramming of methionine metabolism is a conserved hallmark of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have revealed mechanisms regulating methionine metabolism within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that drive both cancer development and antitumor immunity evasion. In this review article we summarize advancements in our understanding of tumor regulation of methionine metabolism and therapies in development that target tumor methionine metabolism. We also delineate the challenges of methionine blockade therapies in cancer and discuss emerging strategies to address them.
Assuntos
Metionina , Neoplasias , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Metionina/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Serine metabolism is involved in the fate decisions of immune cells; however, whether and how de novo serine synthesis shapes innate immune cell function remain unknown. Here, we first demonstrated that inflammatory macrophages have high expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo serine synthesis) via nuclear factor κB signaling. Notably, the pharmacological inhibition or genetic modulation of PHGDH limits macrophage interleukin (IL)-1ß production through NAD+ accumulation and subsequent NAD+-dependent SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression and activity. Mechanistically, PHGDH not only sustains IL-1ß expression through H3K9/27 acetylation-mediated transcriptional activation of Toll-like receptor 4 but also supports IL-1ß maturation via NLRP3-K21/22/24/ASC-K21/22/24 acetylation-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, mice with myeloid-specific depletion of Phgdh show alleviated inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. This study reveals a network by which a metabolic enzyme, involved in de novo serine synthesis, mediates post-translational modifications and epigenetic regulation to orchestrate IL-1ß production, providing a potential inflammatory disease target.
