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Background and aims: Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the highly prevalent and significantly detrimental pathogens that cause severe economic and yield losses in crops. Currently, control of RKN primarily relies on the application of chemical nematicides but it has environmental and public health concerns, which open new doors for alternative methods in the form of biological control. Methods: In this study, we investigated the nematicidal and attractive activities of an endophytic strain WF01 against Meloidogyne incognita in concentration-dependent experiments. The active nematicidal metabolite was extracted in the WF01 crude extract through the Sephadex column, and its structure was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. Results: The strain WF01 was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The nematicidal and attractive metabolite of A. tubingensis WF01 was identified as oxalic acid (OA), which showed solid nematicidal activity against M. incognita, having LC50 of 27.48 µg ml-1. The Nsy-1 of AWC and Odr-7 of AWA were the primary neuron genes for Caenorhabditis elegans to detect OA. Under greenhouse, WF01 broth and 200 µg ml-1 OA could effectively suppress the disease caused by M. incognita on tomatoes respectively with control efficiency (CE) of 62.5% and 70.83%, and promote plant growth. In the field, WF01-WP and 8% OA-WP formulations showed moderate CEs of 51.25%-61.47% against RKN in tomato and tobacco. The combined application of WF01 and OA resulted in excellent CEs of 66.83% and 69.34% toward RKN in tomato and tobacco, respectively. Furthermore, the application of WF01 broth or OA significantly suppressed the infection of J2s in tomatoes by upregulating the expression levels of the genes (PAL, C4H, HCT, and F5H) related to lignin synthesis, and strengthened root lignification. Conclusion: Altogether, our results demonstrated that A. tubingensis WF01 exhibited multiple weapons to control RKN mediated by producing OA to lure and kill RKN in a concentration-dependent manner and strengthen root lignification. This fungus could serve as an environmental bio-nematicide for managing the diseases caused by RKN.
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Since the emergence of the term "materia medica", scholars have proposed different opinions on its concept. This term has been used to refer to traditional Chinese medicines, or medical books, or traditional pharmacology. Due to the differences in the concept of materia medica, scholars also have controversies about the concept of herbalism. Herbalism is usually understood as traditional Chinese pharmacology. After years of evolution, the term "herbalism" has now possessed the characteristics of an independent discipline, which can be defined as an applied basic discipline that comprehensively utilizes traditional and modern technological methods to study the formation, development, and changes of traditional pharmacology and reveal the basic theories and application laws of traditional medicine. At present, the research content of herbalism mainly includes three aspects: materia medica history, materia medica literature, and traditional pharmacology. This study explores the disciplinary concepts and main research content of herbalism based on a systematic review of the literature about the concepts of materia medica and herbalism, with the aim of attracting more attention to promote the establishment and development of the discipline of herbalism.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Materia Medica , China , Medicina Herbária , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , TecnologiaRESUMO
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine organ cancer associated with abnormal hormone secretion, leading to the disorder of metabolism. The intestinal microbiota is vital to maintain digestive and immunologic homeostasis. The relevant information of the microbial community in the gut and thyroid, including composition, structure, and relationship, is unclear in thyroid carcinoma patients. A total of 93 samples from 25 patients were included in this study. The results showed that microbial communities existed in thyroid tissue; gut and thyroid had high abundance of facultative anaerobes from the Proteobacteria phyla. The microbial metabolism from the thyroid and gut may be affected by the thyroid carcinoma cells. The cooccurrence network showed that the margins of different thyroid tissues were unique areas with more competition; the stabilization of microcommunities from tissue and stool may be maintained by several clusters of species that may execute different vital metabolism processes dominantly that are attributed to the microenvironment of cancer.
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Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Microbiota , Glândula Tireoide/microbiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/microbiologia , Adulto , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
To clarify the species and preparation of " Baihe"( Lilii Bulbus),a traditional Chinese medicine,we investigated the relative ancient Chinese literature on this medicine. The study concluded that Lilium brownii var. viridulum is the authentic lily for medical use. In the Ben Cao Yan Yi and some medical books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,L. lancifolium( Juandan) was also mistakenly used as genuine lily,but most doctors believe that this variety should not be used for medicinal purposes; L. pumilum( Shandan)began to be used as a medicine from Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao,but mainly for surgery,the effect is also different from L. brownii var. viridulum. We suggested Shandan be used as the species for another medicine as " Hong Bai He( red lily) " due to its red flower. All above three species recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are not corresponded to the condition of ancient doctors' uses. Therefore,as for developing of traditional classical formula,L. brownii var. viridulum should be chosen and used as Baihe. The birth places for Baihe include Gansu,Hubei,Anhui and Shandong province. The drug preparations of Baihe include crude medicine,roasting and steaming,which preparation should be chosen depends on the formula which contains Baihe.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Lilium , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Livros , China , Raízes de PlantasRESUMO
To clarify the change and development of original plants of " Manjingzi"( Viticis Fructus),a traditional Chinese medicine,we investigated Vitex species on the ancient Chinese herbal texts. The study concluded that the Vitex trifolia and V. trifolia var.simplicifolia included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition) are only two sources of ancient medicinal Viticis Fructus. There are many sources of vines used in ancient times,which are not fixed and unified. The early use of Viticis Fructus is likely to be the V. quinate var. quinata,V. negundo var. cannabifolia and V. negundo var. negundo. From the Tang Dynasty,the use of V. trifolia var. simplicifolia has been appeared. Until Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty,the V. trifolia has been used as a source of medicine for the Viticis Fructus,but even so,the source of medicinal plants of Viticis Fructus has not been unified. We suggested V. trifolia var. simplicifolia be used as mainly species for " Manjingzi" due to its widely used in ancient China.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/história , Plantas Medicinais , Vitex , China , Frutas , História do Século XV , História Medieval , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Farmacopeias como AssuntoRESUMO
The methods of literature researching on species and medical parts of Chinese herbs in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classical prescription were discussed. The first thing is to get literature by searching, sorting and selecting literature. Then textural research based on the selected literature was performed in several ways of studying descriptions of botanic features of herbs, studying pictures of herbs, studying archaeological founding, field survey, distribution of producing area, etc. A systemic analysis on both horizontal level and longitudinal level was conducted to get the result of the species and medical parts of Chinese herbs in TCM classical prescription.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
The cytotoxicity of camptothecin (CPT) is S phase specific and is associated with an inhibition of DNA replication. The relationship between CPT-induced inhibition of DNA replication and CPT cytotoxicity remains unclear. We previously reported that the CPT-induced inhibition reflects an activated S-phase (S) checkpoint response and that this response is mainly regulated by ATR/CHK1 pathway. In this study, by comparing A1-5 and B4, the two transformed rat embryo fibroblasts cell lines, we showed that with higher CHK1 expression, A1-5 cells had a stronger S checkpoint response and were more resistant to CPT-treatment. The data suggested that over-activated CHK1 in CPT-treated A1-5 cells regulated the strong S checkpoint response through the CDC25A/CDK2 pathway. When the CHK-1 regulated strong S checkpoint response was abolished, A1-5 cells became much more sensitive to CPT-induced killing. These data indicated that CHK1 regulated S checkpoint response protected cells from CPT-induced killing.