The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in ß-methylamino L-alanine-induced liver injury in mice.

The non-protein amino acid ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), produced by cyanobacteria, has been recognized as a neurotoxin. L-serine as an antagonist of BMAA can effectively alleviate BMAA-induced neurotoxicity. Although BMAA has long been emphasized as a neurotoxin, with the emergence of BMAA detected in a variety of algae in freshwater around the world and its clear biological enrichment effect, it is particularly important to study the non-neurotoxic adverse effects of BMAA. However, there is only limited evidence to support the ability of BMAA to cause oxidative damage in the liver. The exact molecular mechanism of BMAA-induced liver injury is still unclear. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a 'double-edged sword' for the organism, excessive formation of NETs is associated with inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our results innovatively confirmed that BMAA was able to cause the formation of NETs in the liver during the liver injury. The possible mechanism may associated with the regulation of ERK/p38 and cGAS/STING signaling pathways. The massive formation of NETs was able to exacerbate the BMAA-induced oxidative stress and release of inflammatory factors in the mice liver. And the removal of NETs could alleviate this injury. This article will bring a new laboratory evidence for BMAA-induced non-neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity.

Ultrahigh Bipolar Photoresponse in a Self-Powered Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on GaN and In/Sn-Doped Ga2O3 Nanowires pn junction.

Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors with bipolar photoresponse have great potential in the fields of ultraviolet optical communication, all-optical controlled artificial synapses, high-resolution ultraviolet imaging equipment, and multiband photoelectric detection. However, the current low optoelectronic performance limits the development of such polar switching devices. Here, we construct a self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on GaN and In/Sn-doped Ga2O3 (IGTO) nanowires (NWs) pn junction structure. This unique nanowire/thin film structure allows GaN and IGTO to dominate the absorption of light at different wavelengths, resulting in a highly bipolar photoresponse. The device has a responsivity of 2.04 A/W and a normalized detectivity of 7.18 × 1013 Jones at 254 nm and a responsivity of -2.09 A/W and a normalized detectivity of -7 × 1013 Jones at 365 nm, both at zero bias. In addition, it has an extremely high Ilight/Idark ratio of 1.05 × 105 and ultrafast response times of 2.4/1.9 ms (at 254 nm) and 5.7/5.2 ms (at 365 nm). These excellent properties are attributed to the high specific surface area of the one-dimensional nanowire structure and the abundant voids generated by the nanowire network to enhance the absorption of light, and the p-n junction structure enables the rapid separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Our findings provide a feasible strategy for high-performance wavelength-controlled polarity switching devices.

Parametric Analysis of Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Porous Sandwich Rectangular Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation.

Based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory, the free vibration of functionally graded porous (FGP) sandwich rectangular plates is studied, and a unified solution for free vibration of the plates is proposed in this study. The arbitrary boundary conditions of FGP sandwich rectangular plates are simulated by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method combined with artificial spring theory. The calculation performances of the unified solution for FGP sandwich rectangular plates such as convergence speed and computational efficiency are compared extensively under different displacement functions. In addition, three kinds of elastic foundation (Winkler/Pasternak/Kerr foundations) and three porosity distributions are considered. Some benchmark results and accurate values for the free vibration of FGP sandwich rectangular plates resting on elastic foundations are given. Finally, the effects of diverse structural parameters, elastic foundations with different parameters, and boundary conditions on the free vibration of the FGP sandwich rectangular plates are analyzed.

Discovery of indole-2-one derivatives as BRD4 (BD1) selective inhibitors.

Bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) is a member of the BET family, and its overexpression is closely associated with the development of many tumors. Inhibition of BRD4 shows great therapeutic potential in anti-tumor, and pan-BRD4 inhibitors show adverse effects of dose limiting toxicity and thrombocytopenia in clinical trials. To improve clinical effects and reduce side effects, more efforts have focused on seeking selective inhibitors of BD1 or BD2. Herein, a series of indole-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesized through docking-guided optimization to find BRD4-BD1 selective inhibitors, and their BRD4 inhibitory and antiproliferation activities were evaluated. Among them, compound 21r had potent BRD4 inhibitory activity (the IC50 values of 41 nM and 313 nM in BD1 and BD2 domain), excellent anti-proliferation (the IC50 values of 4.64 ± 0.30 µM, 0.78 ± 0.03 µM, 5.57 ± 1.03 µM against HL-60, MV-4-11 and HT-29 cells), and displayed low toxicity against normal cell GES-1 cells. Further studies revealed that 21r inhibited proliferation by decreasing the expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc, blocking cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and inducing apoptosis in MV-4-11 cells in a dose-dependent manner. All the results showed that compound 21r was a potent BRD4 inhibitor with BD1 selectivity, which had potential in treatment of leukemia.

Microglial gp91phox-mediated neuroinflammation and ferroptosis contributes to learning and memory deficits in rotenone-treated mice.

Apart from dopaminergic neurotoxicity, exposure to rotenone, a commonly used insecticide in agriculture, also adversely affects hippocampal and cortical neurons, resulting in cognitive impairments in mice. We recently established a role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in rotenone-elicited deficits of cognition, yet the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the involvement of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) catalytic subunit gp91phox in rotenone-induced cognitive deficits and the associated mechanisms. Our study demonstrated that rotenone exposure elevated expression of gp91phox and phosphorylation of the NOX2 cytosolic subunit p47phox, along with NADPH depletion in the hippocampus and cortex of mice, indicating NOX2 activation. Specific knockdown of gp91phox in microglia via adeno-associated virus delivery resulted in reduced microglial activation, proinflammatory gene expression and improved learning and memory capacity in rotenone-intoxicated mice. Genetic deletion of gp91phox also reversed rotenone-elicited cognitive dysfunction in mice. Furthermore, microglial gp91phox knockdown attenuated neuronal damage and synaptic loss in mice. This intervention also suppressed iron accumulation, disruption of iron-metabolism proteins and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and restored the balance of ferroptosis-related parameters, including GPX4, SLC711, PTGS2, and ACSL4 in rotenone-lesioned mice. Intriguingly, pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis with liproxstatin-1 conferred protection against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction in mice. In summary, our findings underscored the contribution of microglial gp91phox-dependent neuroinflammation and ferroptosis to learning and memory dysfunction in rotenone-lesioned mice. These results provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits associated with pesticide-induced Parkinsonism, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for intervention.

Discovery of novel coumarin-based KRAS-G12C inhibitors from virtual screening and Rational structural optimization.

KRAS-G12C inhibitors has been made significant progress in the treatment of KRAS-G12C mutant cancers, but their clinical application is limited due to the adaptive resistance, motivating development of novel structural inhibitors. Herein, series of coumarin derivatives as KRAS-G12C inhibitors were found through virtual screening and rational structural optimization. Especially, K45 exhibited strong antiproliferative potency on NCI-H23 and NCI-H358 cancer cells harboring KRAS-G12C with the IC50 values of 0.77 µM and 1.50 µM, which was 15 and 11 times as potent as positive drug ARS1620, respectively. Furthermore, K45 reduced the phosphorylation of KRAS downstream effectors ERK and AKT by reducing the active form of KRAS (KRAS GTP) in NCI-H23 cells. In addition, K45 induced cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BAD and BAX in NCI-H23 cells. Docking studies displayed that the 3-naphthylmethoxy moiety of K45 extended into the cryptic pocket formed by the residues Gln99 and Val9, which enhanced the interaction with the KRAS-G12C protein. These results indicated that K45 was a potent KRAS-G12C inhibitor worthy of further study.

Constructing Cu defect band within TiO2 and supporting NiOx nanoparticles for efficient CO2 photoreduction.

Effectively harnessing solar energy for the conversion of CO2 into valuable chemical energy presents a viable solution to address energy scarcity and climate change concerns. Nonetheless, the limited light absorption and sluggish charge kinetics significantly hinder the photoreduction of CO2. In this study, we employed a facile sol-gel method combined with wetness impregnation to synthesize Cu-doped TiO2 coated with NiOx nanoparticles. Various characterizations verified the successful incorporation of Cu ions into the TiO2 crystal lattice and the formation of NiOx co-catalysts within the composites. The optimal performance attained with CTN-0.5 demonstrates an output of 11.85 µmol h-1 g-1 for CO and 9.51 µmol h-1 g-1 for CH4, which represent a 4.4-fold and 15.6-fold increase, respectively, compared to those achieved with pure TiO2. The induced Cu defect band broadens the light absorption by decreasing the conduction band edge of TiO2, while NiOx upshifts the valence band of TiO2 because of the interaction of valence orbitals. Light irradiation EPR and FTIR tests suggest that the collaboration of CuOx and NiOx promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies/defects and a rapid charge transfer pathway, thereby provides numerous active sites and electrons to enhance CO2 photoreduction performance.

Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices among residents in the Northeast areas of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to affect the daily life of communities worldwide. Nutrition is a vital determinant of overall health. Given the lack of specific drugs for COVID-19 and incomplete vaccination coverage, optimizing nutrition appears to be one of the most cost-effective means of enhancing immunity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to offer insights into the personal determinants of dietary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic in four major cities within the Northeast region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered in EpiData V-3.02 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was also employed to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 4,092 respondents were included in the study. Most of the respondents demonstrated had inadequate nutrition knowledge, 26% of them provided ≥60% of correct answers. About one-third of the respondents were knowledgeable about the daily levels of oil, salt, milk, water, vegetables and fruits for adults. Furthermore, our results showed that 60.6% of participants held positive attitudes toward healthy eating. Additionally, only 54.6% of the participants have heathy dietary practices during COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following characteristics were associated with displaying unhealthy dietary behaviors: being men, having a lower education level, having a family income of 10,000-19,999 and more than 20,000, being resided in Harbin, Shenyang, and Changchun. Importantly, the strongest associations were observed between poor dietary knowledge and unhealthy eating behaviors. Similarly, dietary attitudes were strongly associated with healthy dietary behaviors when the effects of other factors were excluded; responders with negative attitudes were more likely to exhibit unhealthy eating behaviors. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that residents in the Northeast China possessed a relatively low level of nutritional knowledge, which directly influenced their dietary practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable insights into the cross-sectional description and key factors related to nutrition-related KAP, serving as a basis for future policymaking to respond more effectively to health crises.

Clozapine-N-oxide protects dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity by preventing ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet treatment options are limited. Clozapine (CLZ), an antipsychotic used for schizophrenia, has potential as a PD treatment. CLZ and its metabolite, Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO), show neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons, with mechanisms needing further investigation. This study aimed to confirm the neuroprotective effects of CLZ and CNO in a rotenone-induced mouse model and further explore the underlying mechanisms of CNO-afforded protection. Gait pattern and rotarod activity evaluations showed motor impairments in rotenone-exposed mice, with CLZ or CNO administration ameliorating behavioral deficits. Cell counts and biochemical analysis demonstrated CLZ and CNO's effectiveness in reducing rotenone-induced neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system in mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CNO suppressed rotenone-induced ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons by rectifying iron imbalances, curtailing lipid peroxidation, and mitigating mitochondrial morphological changes. CNO also reversed autolysosome and ferritinophagic activation in rotenone-exposed mice. SH-SY5Y cell cultures validated these findings, indicating ferritinophage involvement, where CNO-afforded protection was diminished by ferritinophagy enhancers. Furthermore, knockdown of NCOA4, a crucial cargo receptor for ferritin degradation in ferritinophagy, hampered rotenone-induced ferroptosis and NCOA4 overexpression countered the anti-ferroptotic effects of CNO. Whereas, iron-chelating agents and ferroptosis enhancers had no effect on the anti-ferritinophagic effects of CNO in rotenone-treated cells. In summary, CNO shielded dopaminergic neurons in the rotenone-induced PD model by modulating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, highlighting a potential therapeutic pathway for PD treatment. This research provided insights into the role of NCOA4 in ferroptosis and suggested new approaches for PD therapy.

Microscopic deposition-property relationships in microbial-induced consolidation of coal dusts.

In recent years, the preparation of new microbial dust suppressants based on microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology through enriched urease-producing microbial communities has become a new topic in the field of coal dust control. The deposition of CaCO3 was the key to suppress coal dust. However, deposition characteristics in the field is not sufficient and the relationship between deposition characteristics and erosion resistance is not clear, which hinders the development of engineering application of new microbial dust suppressant. Therefore, based on X-CT technology, this paper observed and quantified micro-deposition of bio-consolidated coal dust with different calcium sources. Furthermore, a conceptual framework for deposition was proposed and its correlation with erosion resistance was revealed. The results showed that CaCO3 induced by calcium chloride and calcium lactate was aggregate deposited. Aggregate deposited CaCO3 was small in volume, showed the distribution of aggregation in the central area and loose outside, and mosaiced pores. CaCO3 induced by calcium nitrate was surface deposition due to attached biomass. Surface deposition was mostly large volume CaCO3 expanding from the inside out, which could cover coal dust to a high degree and completely cemented pores. In addition, the threshold detachment velocity of coal dust cemented by surface deposition was increased by 17.6-19.1% compared to aggregate deposition. This depended on the abundance and strength of CaCO3 bonding between coal dust particles under different deposition. The two-factor model based on porosity and CaCO3 coverage can well express relationship between erosion resistance and depositional characteristics. Those results will help the engineering application of MICP technology in coal dust suppression.

Anti-epileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ultra-low Dose NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Dextromethorphan on Kainic Acid-induced Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats.

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the development of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We postulated that kainic acid (KA)-Induced status epilepticus triggers microglia-dependent inflammation, leading to neuronal damage, a lowered seizure threshold, and the emergence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Extensive evidence from our laboratory suggests that dextromethorphan (DM), even in ultra-low doses, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in many animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Our results showed that administration of DM (10 ng/kg per day; subcutaneously via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks) significantly mitigated the residual effects of KA, including the frequency of SRS and seizure susceptibility. In addition, DM-treated rats showed improved cognitive function and reduced hippocampal neuronal loss. We found suppressed microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation and decreased expression of hippocampal gp91phox and p47phox proteins in KA-induced chronic TLE rats. Notably, even after discontinuation of DM treatment, ultra-low doses of DM continued to confer long-term anti-seizure and neuroprotective effects, which were attributed to the inhibition of microglial NADPH oxidase 2 as revealed by mechanistic studies.

Complement receptor 3-mediated neurotoxic glial activation contributes to rotenone-induced cognitive decline in mice.

Microglia-mediated chronic neuroinflammation has been associated with cognitive decline induced by rotenone, a well-known neurotoxic pesticide used in agriculture. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This work aimed to elucidate the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3), a highly expressed receptor in microglia, in cognitive deficits induced by rotenone. Rotenone up-regulated the expression of CR3 in the hippocampus and cortex area of mice. CR3 deficiency markedly ameliorated rotenone-induced cognitive impairments, neurodegeneration and phosphorylation (Ser129) of α-synuclein in mice. CR3 deficiency also attenuated rotenone-stimulated microglial M1 activation. In microglial cells, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CR3 impeded, while CR3 activation induced by LL-37 exacerbated, rotenone-induced microglial M1 activation. Mechanistically, CR3 deficiency blocked rotenone-induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB or STAT3 but not STAT1 was confirmed to suppress microglial M1 activation elicited by rotenone. Further study revealed that CR3 deficiency or knockdown also reduced rotenone-induced expression of C3, an A1 astrocyte marker, and production of microglial C1q, TNFα and IL-1α, a cocktail for activated microglia to induce neurotoxic A1 astrocytes, via NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Finally, a small molecule modulator of CR3 efficiently mitigated rotenone-elicited cognitive deficits in mice even administered after the establishment of cognitive dysfunction. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that CR3 is a key factor in mediating neurotoxic glial activation and subsequent cognitive impairments in rotenone-treated mice, giving novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of cognitive impairments in pesticide-related Parkinsonism.

Mitophagy-dependent mitochondrial ROS mediates 2,5-hexanedione-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 microglia.

We recently revealed a pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the neurotoxicity induced by n-hexane, owing to its activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms of how the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was triggered by 2,5-hexanedione (HD), the toxic product of n-hexane metabolism, remain to be explored. Here, we investigated whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) was involved in HD-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia. We demonstrated that exposure to HD at 4 and 8 mM elevated production of mtROS in BV2 microglia. Scavenging mtROS by Mito-TEMPO, an mtROS scavenger, dramatically reduced HD-induced NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1ß production, pointing a crucial role of mtROS in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistic study revealed that HD intoxication promoted activation of mitophagy. HD induced expression of Beclin-1, LC3II, and two mitophagy-related proteins, i.e., Pink1 and Parkin and simultaneously, reduced p62 expression in both whole cell and isolated mitochondria of microglia. Furthermore, inhibition of mitophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) greatly reduced production of mtROS, expression of mitochondrial fission-related proteins, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission protein 1 (Fis1) and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HD-intoxicated microglia. Blocking mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 also prevented HD-induced mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia. In conclusion, our data indicated that HD triggered activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through mitophagy-dependent mtROS production, offering an important insight for the immunopathogenesis of environmental toxins-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity.

The Role of Cerebellum in Alzheimer's Disease: A Forgotten Research Corner.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, and progressive neurodegenerative dementia. Although the majority of AD research has primarily focused on disease-associated alterations of the cortex and hippocampus in the cerebrum, emerging evidence has highlighted the cerebellum's involvement in sleep, cognition, and AD. In this commentary, we discuss a recently published article in Alzheimer's and Dementia, which examines changes in cerebellar electrophysiology, sleep-wake cycles, and neuropathology in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. We also explore the potential role of the cerebellum in AD, offering a fresh perspective on the study of cerebellar involvement in the disease.

Complement C3 Enhances LPS-Elicited Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Via the Mac1/NOX2 Pathway.

Recent studies showed increased expression of complements in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, the mechanism regulating the expression of complements and their roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration are unclear. We hypothesized that acute neuroinflammation increases the expression and activation of brain complements, which, in turn, participate in chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. We initially focused on the complement component C3, because C3 can activate microglia by binding to C3 receptors and attaching to damaged neurons destined to be phagocytosed by microglia. We found that complement C3 is upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neuron/glial cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that microglia-released proinflammatory factors initiated the enhanced expression of C3 in astroglia during acute neuroinflammation. On the other hand, the sustained C3 expression during chronic neuroinflammation requires releasing damage-associated molecule patterns (DAMPs) from damaged/degenerating brain cells. Our results suggested that DAMPs might act on microglial integrin receptor Mac1 to trigger the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2). Activated microglial NOX2 increases the production of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevating the levels of intracellular ROS of astroglia and sustaining the astroglial C3 expression. This was supported by the findings showing reduced C3 expression and attenuated neurodegeneration in LPS-treated neuron/glial cultures prepared from mice deficient in Mac1 or NOX2. LPS-induced neurodegeneration and oxidative stress are significantly reduced in C3 KO neuron/glial cultures and mouse brains. Together, this study provides the first evidence demonstrating the role of C3 in regulating chronic neuroinflammation and in driving progressive neurodegeneration.

Preparation and antifouling performance of low-pressure carbon nanotube membranes based on polydopamine biomimetic modification.

In order to investigate the antifouling performance of low-pressure carbon nanotube membranes based on polydopamine (PDA) biomimetic modification, layered multi-walled carbon nanotubes PDA membrane (layered MWCNTs-PDA) and PDA blended MWCNTs membrane (blended PDA/MWCNTs) were prepared. The MWCNTs membranes' antifouling performance and recoverability was significantly improved in filtrating BSA, HA and SA after PDA biomimetic modification, and the total fouling and irreversible fouling were all decreased. Compared with the blended PDA/MWCNTs membrane, the layered MWCNTs-PDA membrane had higher antifouling property as it further improved the electronegativity and hydrophilicity of membrane surface. In addition, denser surface pore size of the layered MWCNTs-PDA membrane can effectively reduce the fouling by trapping foulants on its surface. The combination of PDA biomimetic modification with MWCNTs membrane had a superior antifouling performance and rejection performance in processing NOM and artificial wastewater, and the majority of humic-like foulants could be excluded by the layered MWCNTs-PDA membrane. PDA biomimetic modification alleviated the adhesion of FITC-BSA on the MWCNTs membrane. The layered MWCNTs-PDA membrane especially alleviated the attachment of bacteria and processed excellent antimicrobial ability for bacteria.

Three-Dimensional Vibration Model of Cylindrical Shells via Carrera Unified Formulation.

In this paper, we present a novel and unified model for studying the vibration of cylindrical shells based on the three-dimensional (3D) elastic theory and the Carrera Unified Formulation. Our approach represents a significant advancement in the field, as it enables us to accurately predict the vibrational behavior of cylindrical shells under arbitrary boundary conditions. To accomplish this, we expand the axial, circumferential, and radial displacements of the shell using Chebyshev polynomials and Taylor series, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the expansion and ensuring the precision and rigor of our results. In addition, we introduce three groups of artificial boundary surface springs to simulate the general end boundary conditions of the cylindrical shell and coupling springs to strongly couple the two surfaces of the cylindrical shell φ = 0 and φ = 2π to ensure continuity of displacements on these faces. Using the energy function of the entire cylindrical shell model, we obtain the characteristic equation of the system by finding the partial derivatives of the unknown coefficients of displacement in the energy function. By solving this equation, we can directly obtain the vibration characteristics of the cylindrical shell. We demonstrate the convergence, accuracy, and reliability of our approach by comparing our computational results with existing results in the literature and finite element results. Finally, we present simulation results of the frequency features of cylindrical shells with various geometrical and boundary parameters in the form of tables and figures. Overall, we believe that our novel approach has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of cylindrical shells and pave the way for further advancements in the field of structural engineering. Our comprehensive model and simulation results contribute to the ongoing efforts to develop efficient and reliable techniques for analyzing the vibrational behavior of cylindrical shells.

Research Progress on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Based on Perovskite Oxides.

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to valuable fuels is a promising way to alleviate anthropogenic CO2 emissions and energy crises. Perovskite oxides have attracted widespread attention as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction by virtue of their high catalytic activity, compositional flexibility, bandgap adjustability, and good stability. In this review, the basic theory of photocatalysis and the mechanism of CO2 reduction over perovskite oxide are first introduced. Then, perovskite oxides' structures, properties, and preparations are presented. In detail, the research progress on perovskite oxides for photocatalytic CO2 reduction is discussed from five aspects: as a photocatalyst in its own right, metal cation doping at A and B sites of perovskite oxides, anion doping at O sites of perovskite oxides and oxygen vacancies, loading cocatalyst on perovskite oxides, and constructing heterojunction with other semiconductors. Finally, the development prospects of perovskite oxides for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are put forward. This article should serve as a useful guide for creating perovskite oxide-based photocatalysts that are more effective and reasonable.

Synergistic interactions of microbial fuel cell and microbially induced carbonate precipitation technology with molasses as the substrate.

The application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is critical, but many challenges remain. In this paper, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) is used to treat molasses wastewater, and the effluent is used as the substrate to promote the growth of urease-producing bacteria. The results showed that the maximum voltage of MFC was 500 mV, and the maximum power density was 169.86 mW/m2. The mineralization rate reached 100% on the 15th day, and the mineralized product was calcite CaCO3. According to the microbial community analysis, the unclassified_Comamondaceae, Arcobacter, and Aeromonas, which could improve the OH-, signal molecular transmission and small molecular nutrients to promote the urease activity of urease-producing bacteria. The above conclusions provide a new way to reuse molasses wastewater efficiently and to apply MICP technology in dust suppression.