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Background: Celiac axis stenosis can potentially lead to insufficient blood supply to vital organs, such as the liver, spleen, pancreas, and stomach. This condition result in the development of collateral circulation between the superior mesenteric artery and the hepatic artery. However, these collateral circulations are often disrupted during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), which may increase the risk of postoperative complications. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) from April 2015 to April 2023. Celiac trunk stenosis is classified according to the degree of stenosis: no stenosis (<30%), grade A (30%-<50%), grade B (50%-≤80%), and grade C (>80%). The incidence of postoperative complications was evaluated, and both univariate and multivariate risk analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 997 patients were included in the study, with mild celiac axis stenosis present in 23 (2.3%) patients, moderate stenosis in 18 (1.8%) patients, and severe stenosis in 10 (1.0%) patients. Independent risk factors for the development of bile leakage, as identified by both univariate and multivariate analyses, included body mass index (BMI) (HR = 1.108, 95% CI = 1.008-1.218, P = .033), intra-abdominal infection (HR = 2.607, 95% CI = 1.308-5.196, P = .006), postoperative hemorrhage (HR = 4.510, 95% CI = 2.048-9.930, P = <0.001), and celiac axis stenosis (50%-≤80%, HR = 4.235, 95% CI = 1.153-15.558, P = .030), and (>80%, HR = 4.728, 95% CI = .882-25.341, P = .047). Celiac axis stenosis, however, was not determined to be an independent risk factor for pancreatic fistula (P > 0.05). Additionally, the presence of an aberrant hepatic artery did not significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications when compared with celiac axis stenosis alone. Conclusion: Severe celiac axis stenosis is an independent risk factor for postoperative bile leakage following LPD.
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Artéria Celíaca , Laparoscopia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Constrição Patológica/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fístula Anastomótica/etiologia , Fístula Anastomótica/epidemiologia , BileRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high incidence and mortality rates, and the emergence and application of CRC screening have helped us effectively control the occurrence and development of CRC. Currently, common international screening methods include tests based on feces and blood, and examination methods that allow for visualization, such as sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Some methods have been widely used, whereas others such as multi-target stool RNA test are still being explored and developed, and are expected to become front-line screening methods for CRC in the future. The choice of screening method is affected by external conditions and the patients' situation, and the clinician must choose an appropriate strategy according to the actual situation and the patient's wishes. This article introduces various CRC screening methods and analyzes the factors relevant to the screening strategy.
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Background: In recent years, although laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) has experienced rapid development both domestically and internationally, however, there are still varying opinions toward LPD. Methods: From January 2020 to July 2022, the data were collected. We compared the inflammatory response at various postoperative time points and evaluated long-term outcomes between the two groups. Results: In the early stage, the LPD group exhibited lower values of white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, and platelets after surgery compared with open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) (P all<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in terms of procalcitonin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Before propensity score matching, no statistical significance was observed between two groups, whether in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .406) or overall survival (OS) (P = .851). However, to further control for confounding factors, propensity score matching was used. The analysis revealed that DFS still showed no significant difference (P = .928), but, in the term of OS, a statistical significance was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: LPD demonstrates a comparable long-term outcomes to OPD and even slightly superior OS. Moreover, the LPD group exhibits a lower inflammatory response during early postoperative period.
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Nanocrystals (NCs) exposed with high-index facets usually show enhanced electrocatalytic performances. However, it is a great challenge to persevere with high-index facets against their high surface energy during the synthesis. Herein, we successfully synthesize concave hexoctahedral (c-HOH) Pd NCs exposed with 48 high-index {741} facets using a facile one-pot wet-chemical protocol. Control experiments illustrate that l-ascorbic acid plays a critical role in the formation of the c-HOH morphology, acting as both reducing and capping agents. Moreover, we can extend the synthesis for fabricating c-HOH Pd@Pt core-shell NCs by simply introducing a Pt precursor into the reaction solution, attaining remarkably boosted electrocatalysis for methanol electrooxidation reaction (MOR). Integrating the merits of {741} facets, concave structure, and ligand and strain effect of the core-shell structure, c-HOH Pd4@Pt1 core-shell NCs showed an excellent MOR mass activity of 1.18 A mgPGM-1 or 3.60 A mgPt-1, which is 3.80 or 11.61 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C, respectively.
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BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) with portal-superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection and reconstruction is increasingly performed. We aimed to introduce a safe and effective surgical approach and share our clinical experience with LPD with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction. METHODS: We reviewed data for the patients undergoing LPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction at the First Hospital of Jilin University between April 2021 and May 2023. The inferior-posterior "superior mesenteric artery-first" approach was used. We compared the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinicopathological data of the 2 groups to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of LPD with major vascular resection. RESULTS: A cohort of 37 patients with periampullary and pancreatic tumors underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with major vascular resection and reconstruction, consisting of 21 LPDs and 16 OPDs. The LPD group had a longer operation time (322 vs. 235 min, P =0.039), reduced intraoperative bleeding (152 vs. 325 mL, P =0.026), and lower intraoperative blood transfusion rates (19.0% vs. 50.0%, P =0.046) compared with the OPD group. The LPD group had significantly shorter operation times in end-to-end anastomosis (26 vs. 15 min, P =0.001) and artificial grafts vascular reconstruction (44 vs. 22 min, P =0.000) compared with the OPD group. There was no significant difference in the rate of R0 resection (100% vs. 87.5%, P =0.096). The length of hospital stay and ICU stay did not show significant differences between the 2 groups (15 vs. 18 d, P =0.636 and 2.5 vs. 4.5 d, P =0.726, respectively). However, the postoperative hospital stay in the LPD group was notably shorter compared with the OPD group (11 vs. 16 d, P =0.007). Postoperative complication rates, including postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) Grade A/B, biliary leakage, and delayed gastric emptying (DGE), were similar between the two groups (38.1% vs. 43.8%, P =0.729). In addition, 1 patient in each group developed thrombosis, with vascular patency improving after anticoagulation treatment. CONCLUSION: LPD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction can be easily and safely performed using the inferior-posterior "superior mesenteric artery-first" approach in cases of venous invasion. Further studies are required to evaluate the procedure's long-term outcomes.
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Laparoscopia , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Veias Mesentéricas , Duração da Cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Veia Porta , Humanos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/métodos , Veias Mesentéricas/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Laparoscopia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Veia Porta/cirurgia , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Tempo de Internação , Resultado do Tratamento , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodosRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on short-term complications of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed perioperative data of patients who underwent LPD in our department from January 2020 to January 2022. The patients were divided into the MetS group and non-MetS group based on whether they had MetS. The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rate was compared between the two groups. Results: The study involved 279 patients, with 30 having MetS and 249 without. However, the MetS and non-MetS groups differed significantly in terms of postoperative pancreatic fistula rate (26.6% versus 8.4%), abdominal infection rate (33.3% versus 10.0%), pulmonary complications rate (16.7% versus 6.42%), Clavien-Dindo ≥3 rate (20% versus 8.0%), multiple complications rate (23.3% versus 9.6%), percutaneous drainage rate (33.3% versus 10.0%), 90-day mortality rate (6.7% versus 1.2%), and length of postoperative hospital stay (15.00 ± 12.78 versus 10.63 ± 5.23 days). However, the two groups differed no significantly with respect to age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, preoperative CA125/CA199 levels, surgery time, specimen removal time, and intraoperative blood loss. Conclusion: MetS increases the incidence of postoperative complications and perioperative mortality rate in LPD.
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Laparoscopia , Síndrome Metabólica , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Idoso , Incidência , Adulto , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy serves as the standard surgical treatment for periampullary tumors. Previous studies have suggested that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis following laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). However, the relationship between low BMI and postoperative complications remains unclear. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 1130 patients who underwent LPD between April 2014 and December 2022 was conducted. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were utilized to explore the correlations between BMI and short-term outcomes, with adjustments for potential confounders. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed that overweight, obese, or severely underweight patients had an elevated risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) compared to those with a normal BMI. Moreover, obesity was significantly correlated with a higher proportion of "failure to rescue." BMI exhibited a J-shaped relationship with respiratory complications and in-hospital mortality, a W-shaped relationship with multiple complications and anastomotic leakage (pancreatic fistula), and a U-shaped association with "failure to rescue" rates. The lowest risk was observed at BMI levels of 20 and 25 kg/m2 for multiple complications and pancreatic fistula, respectively. Conclusion: Both high and low BMI are identified as risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative POPF and in-hospital mortality following LPD. Notably, patients with higher BMI and severe underweight conditions are associated with an increased likelihood of "failure to rescue."
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Laparoscopia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Falha da Terapia de Resgate/estatística & dados numéricos , Fístula Pancreática/etiologia , Fístula Pancreática/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , AdultoRESUMO
The activity-stability trade-off relationship of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a tricky issue that strikes the electrocatalyst population and hinders the widespread application of fuel cells. Here neoteric biphase Pd nanosheets that are structured with ultrathin two-dimensional crystalline Pd inner cores and ≈1 nm thin atomic-hybrid RhOx/Pd amorphous skins, named c/a-Pd@PdRh NSs, for disentangling this trade-off dilemma for alkaline ORR are developed. The superthin amorphous skins significantly amplify the quantity of flexibly low-coordinated atoms for electrocatalysis. An in situ selected oxidation of the top-surface Rh dopants creates atomically hybrid RhOx/Pd disorder surfaces. Detailed energy spectra and theoretical simulation confirm that these RhOx/Pd interfaces can arouse a surface charge redistribution, causing significant electron deficiency and lowered d-band center for surface Pd. Meanwhile, anticorrosive Rh/RhOx species can thermodynamically passivate the neighboring Pd atoms from oxidative dissolution. Thanks to these amplified interfacial effects, the biphase c/a-Pd@PdRh NSs simultaneously exhibit a superhigh ORR activity (5.92 A mg-1, 22.8 times that of Pt/C) and an outstanding long-lasting stability after 100k cycles of accelerated durability test, showcasing unprecedented electrocatalysts for breaking the activity-stability trade-off relationship of ORR. This work paves a bran-new strategy for designing high-performance electrocatalysts through creating modulated amorphous skins on low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Background: Laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR) is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the pancreatic head while aiming to preserve the integrity of the digestive and biliary tracts. With advancements in laparoscopic techniques, the utilization of LDPPHR has been increasing. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 10 patients who underwent laparoscopic duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR-t) at our center from June 2019 to October 2021. Additionally, we analyzed the use of indocyanine green (ICG) in the initial stage of LDPPHR, based on current reports. Results: LDPPHR-t was successfully performed in all patients. After surgery, 3 patients experienced pancreatic fistula (Grade B), 2 patients experienced bile leakage, and 2 patients experienced postoperative hemorrhage. However, no patient exhibited recurrence or required secondary surgery. Conclusion: LDPPHR-t is a new method for treating benign and low-grade malignant tumors in the pancreatic head. However, it is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications. In the initial stage, the use of ICG can assist surgeons in identifying the biliary duct and pancreaticoduodenal artery arcade.
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Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Duodeno/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodosRESUMO
Human activities have led to an alarming increase in pollution, resulting in widespread water contamination. A comprehensive understanding of the quantitative relationship between anthropogenic pollutant discharges and the escalating anthropogenic disturbances and environmental efforts is crucial for effective water quality management. Here we establish a Model for Estimating Anthropogenic pollutaNts diScharges (MEANS) and simulate the long-term dynamics of various types of anthropogenic discharges in China based on an unprecedented spatio-temporal dynamic parameter dataset. Our findings reveal that from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic discharges exhibited an overall trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing, with the peak occurring around 2005. During this period, the dominant pollution sources in China shifted from urban to rural areas, thereby driving the transition of hotspot pollutants from nitrogen to phosphorus in the eastern regions. The most significant drivers of anthropogenic pollutant discharges gradually shifted from population size and dietary structure to wastewater treatment and agricultural factors. Furthermore, we observed that a significant portion of China's regions still exceed the safety thresholds for pollutant discharges, with excessive levels of total phosphorus (TP) being particularly severe. These findings highlight the need for flexible management strategies in the future to address specific pollution levels and hotspots in different regions. Our study underscores the importance of considering the complex interplay between anthropogenic disturbances, environmental efforts, and long-term anthropogenic pollutant discharges for effective water pollution control.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Saneamento , Qualidade da Água , China , Fósforo/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , DietaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Assessment of the patient's respiratory effort is essential during assisted ventilation. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of airway pressure (Paw)-based indices to detect potential injurious inspiratory effort during pressure support (PS) ventilation. METHODS: In this prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted in four ICUs in two academic hospitals, 28 adult acute respiratory failure patients undergoing PS ventilation were enrolled. A downward PS titration was conducted from 20 cmH2O to 2 cmH2O at a 2 cmH2O interval. By performing an end-expiratory airway occlusion maneuver, the negative Paw generated during the first 100 ms (P0.1) and the maximal negative swing of Paw (∆Pocc) were measured. After an end-inspiratory airway occlusion, Paw reached a plateau, and the magnitude of change in plateau from peak Paw was measured as pressure muscle index (PMI). Esophageal pressure was monitored and inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus) and Pmus-time product per minute (PTPmus/min) were used as the reference standard for the patient's effort. High and low effort was defined as Pmus > 10 and < 5 cmH2O, or PTPmus/min > 200 and < 50 cmH2O s min-1, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 246 levels of PS were tested. The low inspiratory effort was diagnosed in 145 (59.0%) and 136 (55.3%) PS levels using respective Pmus and PTPmus/min criterion. The receiver operating characteristic area of the three Paw-based indices by the respective two criteria ranged from 0.87 to 0.95, and balanced sensitivity (0.83-0.96), specificity (0.74-0.88), and positive (0.80-0.91) and negative predictive values (0.78-0.94) were obtained. The high effort was diagnosed in 34 (13.8%) and 17 (6.9%) support levels using Pmus and PTPmus/min criterion, respectively. High receiver operating characteristic areas of the three Paw-based indices by the two criteria were found (0.93-0.95). A high sensitivity (0.80-1.00) and negative predictive value (0.97-1.00) were found with a low positive predictive value (0.23-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: By performing simple airway occlusion maneuvers, the Paw-based indices could be reliably used to detect low inspiratory efforts. Non-invasive and easily accessible characteristics support their potential bedside use for avoiding over-assistance. More evaluation of their performance is required in cohorts with high effort.
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Breaking atomic monogeneity of catalyst surfaces is promising for constructing synergistic active centers to cope with complex multi-step catalytic reactions. Here, we report a defect-derived strategy for creating surface phosphorous vacancies (P-vacancies) on nanometric Rh2 P electrocatalysts toward drastically boosted electrocatalysis for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). This strategy disrupts the monogeneity and atomic regularity of the thermodynamically stable P-terminated surfaces. Density functional theory calculations initially verify that the competitive adsorption behavior of Had and OHad on perfect P-terminated Rh2 P{200} facets (p-Rh2 P) can be bypassed on defective Rh2 P{200} surfaces (d-Rh2 P). The P-vacancies enable the exposure of sub-surface Rh atoms to act as exclusive H adsorption sites. Therein, the Had cooperates with the OHad on the peripheral P-sites to effectively accelerate the alkaline HOR. Defective Rh2 P nanowires (d-Rh2 P NWs) and perfect Rh2 P nanocubes (p-Rh2 P NCs) are then elaborately synthesized to experimentally represent the d-Rh2 P and p-Rh2 P catalytic surfaces. As expected, the P-vacancy-enriched d-Rh2 P NWs catalyst exhibits extremely high catalytic activity and outstanding CO tolerance for alkaline HOR electrocatalysis, attaining 5.7 and 14.3â times mass activity that of p-Rh2 P NCs and commercial Pt/C, respectively. This work sheds light on breaking the surface atomic monogeneity for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
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Background: Pancreatoduodenectomy is a standard surgical procedure for periampullary tumors. With recent improvements in perioperative management, postoperative mortality has decreased significantly in recent years; however, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is still one of the most prevalent and dangerous complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of malnutrition and the value of predicting POPF in patients with laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative data of 747 patients undergoing LPD in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China. Simultaneously, we analyzed the prevalence rate of malnutrition with three different nutritional assessment scores and explored the independent risk variables for POPF to identify potential predictive value. Results: Malnutrition was observed in 20.1% of patients with the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), 85.0% of patients with the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and 73.1% of patients with the NRI score. Univariate and multivariate analyses all showed that the risk factors for POPF were pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, abdominal infection, body mass index (BMI), nomogram-revised risk index (NRI), and PNI. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the BMI/PNI ratio was capable of predicting the occurrence of clinical POPF following LPD, with an area under the curve of 0.708. Conclusions: Compared with no malnourished patients, malnutrition is associated with a higher risk of POPF among patients with LPD. In addition, the BMI/PNI ratio has some predictive value in the development of POPF following LPD.
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Background: With the development of surgical instruments and the growth of professional expertise over the past decades, laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is widely applied in different centers. However, there are still some controversies about the safety of this procedure. Meanwhile, perioperative outcomes are affected by hospital size, surgeon experience, and the learning curve. The purpose of this study is to compare the short-term outcomes of LPD with open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) at different stages of the learning curve. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 911 patients who had received pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) at a single institution. Among them, 208 patients underwent OPD, and 703 cases received LPD successfully. We divided those patients into three phases based on the key point of the learning curve for LPD and compared the perioperative outcomes with OPD at each stage. Result: Morbidity and mortality rates associated with LPD were significantly higher in the initial stage than in the OPD group, whereas the number of harvested lymph nodes and R0 resection rate for pancreatic cancer were comparable to the OPD group. As surgical experience increased, postoperative complications, operating time, and intraoperative blood loss all are greatly decreased. At the mature stage of the learning curve, the rate of postoperative complications in LPD was lower than in the OPD group. Meanwhile, the length of hospital stay was significantly shortened compared to the OPD group. Conclusion: After a long period of training and learning, LPD can be performed safely. And LPD can produce comparable oncological results, with faster postoperative recovery and lower incidence of postoperative complications, after the surgeons successfully surmounted the learning curve.
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Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex operative procedure, which remains the primary curative treatment for pancreatic, distal bile duct, and periampullary cancers. In recent years, with the continuous development of laparoscopic technology and equipment, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) has been performed gradually in many high-volume surgical centers. However, it is still challenging even for experienced pancreatic surgeons to perform LPD, at the same time, with the accumulation of surgical experience, different surgical approaches are also constantly discussed. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 323 patients who received LPD at a single institution. Among them, 200 patients received operations with retrocolic approach, 123 patients were treated with traditional approach. In this study, we analyzed perioperative data and compared survival time for patients with pancreatic cancers in two groups. Result: Compared with traditional approach, retrocolic approach with uncinate process priority has a shorter operative time (94.25 ± 6.46 minutes versus 116.43 ± .4.78 minutes, P = .009) and less intraoperative blood loss (80 mL versus 150 mL, P = .562). However, there is no statistical significance in the incidence of postoperative complications (≥ Clavien-Dindo [CD] III) (65 [32.5%] versus 45 [36.58%], P = .871), R0 resection rates (41 versus 38, P = .826), and the number of lymph nodes harvested (16.64 ± 5.93 versus 15.37 ± 4.65, P = .785) between two groups. Meanwhile, the median survival time of patients with pancreatic cancers in posterior approach group was longer than those in traditional approach group (30.34 months versus 28.54 months, P > .05); however, there was no statistical significance between them. Conclusion: Retrocolic approach with uncinate process priority is a feasible method for pancreatic cancer, which could reduce operating time and intraoperative bleeding, meanwhile, not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. Retrocolic approach with uncinate process priority can be generalized to larger group sizes.
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Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicações , Laparoscopia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
Developing facile synthetic strategies toward ultrafine one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) with rich catalytic hot spots is pivotal for exploring effective heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) template-directed strategy for synthesizing 1D kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs with abundant grain boundaries to serve as high-efficiency electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this one-pot synthesis, ultrathin Pd nanosheets were initially generated, which then served as self-sacrificial 2D nano-templates. A dynamic equilibrium growth was subsequently established on the 2D Pd nanosheets through the center-selected etching of Pd atoms and edge-preferred co-deposition of Pd/Pb atoms. This was followed by the oriented attachment of the generated Pd/Pb alloy nanograins and fragments. Thus, kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs with rich grain boundary defects were obtained in high yield, and these NWs were used as electrocatalytic active catalysts. The surface electronic interaction between Pd and Pb atoms effectively decreased the surface d-band center to weaken the binding of oxygen-containing intermediates toward improved ORR kinetics. Specifically, the kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs/C catalyst delivered outstanding ORR mass activity and specific activity (2.26 Aâ mgPd-1 and 2.59 mAâ cm-2, respectively) in an alkaline solution. These values were respectively 13.3 and 10.8 times those of state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This study provides an innovative strategy for fabricating defect-rich low-dimensional nanocatalysts for efficient energy conversion catalysis.
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BACKGROUND: Bedside assessment of low levels of inspiratory effort, which are probably insufficient to prevent muscle atrophy, is challenging. The flow index, which is derived from the analysis of the inspiratory portion of the flow-time waveform, has been recently introduced as a non-invasive parameter to evaluate the inspiratory effort. The primary objective of the present study was to provide an external validation of the flow index to detect low inspiratory effort. METHODS: Datasets containing flow, airway pressure, and esophageal pressure (Pes)-time waveforms were obtained from a previously published study in 100 acute brain-injured patients undergoing pressure support ventilation. Waveforms data were analyzed offline. A low inspiratory effort was defined by one of the following criteria, work of breathing (WOB) less than 0.3 J/L, Pes-time product (PTPes) per minute less than 50 cmH2Oâ¢s/min, or inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus) less than 5 cmH2O, adding "or occurrence of ineffective effort more than 10%" for all criteria. The flow index was calculated according to previously reported method. The association of flow index with Pes-derived parameters of effort was investigated. The diagnostic accuracy of the flow index to detect low effort was analyzed. RESULTS: Moderate correlations were found between flow index and WOB, Pmus, and PTPes per breath and per minute (Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.546 to 0.634, P < 0.001). The incidence of low inspiratory effort was 62%, 51%, and 55% using the definition of WOB, PTPes per minute, and Pmus, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for flow index to diagnose low effort was 0.88, 0.81, and 0.88, for the three respective definition. By using the cutoff value of flow index less than 2.1, the diagnostic performance for the three definitions showed sensitivity of 0.95-0.96, specificity of 0.57-0.71, positive predictive value of 0.70-0.84, and negative predictive value of 0.90-0.93. CONCLUSIONS: The flow index is associated with Pes-based inspiratory effort measurements. Flow index can be used as a valid instrument to screen low inspiratory effort with a high probability to exclude cases without the condition.
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Background: Recently, several prognosis indicators based on inflammatory and nutritional factors, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), plated-to-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) and prognosis nutritional index (PNI), have been proposed as prognosis factors for several cancers. However, few studies have looked into PNI. The goal of this research was to see if preoperative PNI had any predictive value in patients with pancreatic head cancer who were having a laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: From February 11, 2018 to May 31, 2019, two hundred and fifty-one pancreatic head carcinoma patients were retrospectively enrolled. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value. Patients were divided into two groups: PNI > 45.1 (high PNI group) and PNI < 45.1 (low PNI group), and clinic-pathological data was compared between the two groups. The link between PNI and NLR, PLR, and LMR, and their effect on overall survival. In addition, the factors of postoperative survival were analyzed univariate and multivariate. Results: PNI, NLR, PLR and LMR cut-off values were 45.1, 3.7,287.2 and 3.6, respectively. Between the two groups of patients, the low PNI group exhibited considerably higher PLR and lower LMR. PNI had a negative correlation with PLR and NLR (r = -0.329, p < 0.001 and r = 0.170, p = 0.014), but a positive correlation with LMR (r = 0.476, p < 0.001). The high PNI group had a considerably greater survival rate than the low PNI group (median survival days, 217 vs. 468, log-rank = 45.92, p < 0.001). PNI < 45.1(HR: 0.357, 95 percent CI, 0.263-0.485, p < 0.001) and LMR <3.6(HR: 0.705, 95 percent CI, 0.528-0.942, p < 0.018) were revealed to be possible predictive variable in univariate analysis. Only PNI <45.1 was found to be an independent predictive factor in multivariate analysis (HR: 0.359, 95%CI,: 0.256-0.502, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings shoe that PNI is linked to a variety of systemic inflammatory response and can be used to predict survival in individuals with pancreatic head cancer.
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Dual-active-sites atomically coupled on ultrafine 1D nanowires (NWs) can offer synergic atomic heterojunctions (AHJs) and high atomic-utilization toward multipurpose and superior catalysis. Here, ≈2-nm-thick PtIr/IrOx hybrid NWs are elaborately synthesized with equilibrated Pt/IrOx AHJs as high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Mechanism studies reveal the atomically coupled Pt-IrOx dual-sites are favorable for facilitating water dissociation, alleviating the binding of H* on Pt sites and inversely regulating the *OH adsorption and oxidation on bridge Ir-Ir sites. By simply equilibrating the Pt-IrOx ratio, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be substantially accelerated. In particular, Pt-rich PtIr/IrOx -30 NWs attain 11-fold enhancements for HER compared to Pt/C in 1.0 m KOH, while IrOx -rich PtIr/IrOx -50 NWs express about five times mass activity referring to Ir/C for OER. Remarkably, the ratio-optimized PtIr/IrOx NWs electrode couple achieves a durably continuous H2 production under a substantially low cell voltage.
Assuntos
Nanofios , Catálise , Eletrodos , Hidrogênio , Oxigênio , ÁguaRESUMO
AIMS: As a severe cardiovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could trigger congestive heart failure. Periostin (Postn) has been elucidated to be dramatically up-regulated in myocardial infarction. Abundant expression of Postn was also observed in the infarct border of human and mouse hearts with AMI. This work is dedicated to explore the mechanism through which Postn exerts its functions on AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: The expression of Postn in AMI mice and hypoxia-treated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) was quantified by qRT-PCR. The biological functions of Postn in AMI were explored by trypan blue, TUNEL, flow cytometry analysis, and JC-1 assays. Luciferase activity or MS2-RIP or RNA pull-down assay was performed to study the interaction between genes. Postn exhibited up-regulated expression in AMI mice and hypoxia-treated NMCMs. Functional assays indicated that cell apoptosis in NMCMs was promoted via the treatment of hypoxia. And Postn shortage could alleviate cell apoptosis in hypoxia-induced NMCMs. Postn was verified to bind to mmu-miR-203-3p and be down-regulated by miR-203-3p overexpression. Postn and miR-203-3p were spotted to coexist with small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (Snhg8) in RNA-induced silencing complex. The affinity between Snhg8 and miR-203-3p was confirmed. Afterwards, Snhg8 was validated to promote cell apoptosis in hypoxia-induced NMCMs partially dependent on Postn. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) was revealed to bind to miR-203-3p and be implicated in the Snhg8-mediated AML cell apoptosis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: miR-203-3p availability is antagonized by Snhg8 for Postn and Vegfa-induced AMI progression.