The impact of collagen membrane fixation protocols on volume stability in horizontal ridge augmentation in the aesthetic area: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different collagen membran fixation protocols on the volume stability in horizontal ridge augmentation in the aesthetic area. METHODS: A total of 48 patients with 65 augmented sites were included in this study. Implants were placed in the aesthetic region, and simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery was performed for horizontal ridge augmentation. Participants were divided into four groups, each comprising 12 patients, based on different absorbable collagen membrane fixation protocols. Group 1: without fixation; Group 2: fixation with absorbable sutures; Group 3: fixation with titanium pins; Group 4: fixation with titanium pins and absorbable sutures. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after surgery and at 6 months post-surgery, respectively. The horizontal thickness of the augmented region was analyzed for volume stability at the implant shoulder (H0) and 1-5 mm apical to the implant shoulder (H1-H5). Changes in labial thickness during bone healing were calculated as absolute values (mm) and relative values (%). RESULTS: After 6 months of bone healing, horizontal thickness was significantly reduced at all levels (H0-H5) in all groups compared to immediate post-surgery results (p < 0.05). At H1-H5, horizontal bone loss in group 1 was significantly higher than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). Group 4 exhibited significantly less horizontal bone loss compared to group 2 at H0-H2 (p < 0.05) and group 4 compared to group 3 at H0-H1 (p < 0.05). No significant difference in horizontal bone loss between groups 2 and 3 was detected at H0-H5 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Guided bone regeneration in the aesthetic area with additional membrane fixation demonstrated superior volume stability of the augmented region compared to cases without fixation. There was no significant difference in bone volume stability between membrane fixation with titanium pins and fixation with absorbable sutures. However, the combined use of pins and absorbable sutures yielded superior volume stability.

Molten Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Ferric Oxide/M-N-C Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Efficient, stable, and low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts are the key to the large-scale application of metal-air batteries. Herein, high-dispersive Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies uniformly are anchored on lignin-derived metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) hierarchical porous nanosheets as efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts (Fe2O3/M-N-C, M═Cu, Mn, W, Mo) based on a general and economical KCl molten salt-assisted method. The combination of Fe with the highly electronegative O induces charge redistribution through the Fe-O-M structure, thereby reducing the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing substances. The coupling effect of Fe2O3 NPs with M-N-C expedites the catalytic activity toward ORR by promoting proton generation on Fe2O3 and transfer to M-N-C. Experimental and theoretical calculation further revealed the remarkable electronic structure evolution of the metal site during the ORR process, where the emission density and local magnetic moment of the metal atoms change continuously throughout their reaction. The unique layered porous structure and highly active M-N4 sites resulted in the excellent ORR activity of Fe2O3/Cu-N-C with the onset potential of 0.977 V, which is superior to Pt/C. This study offers a feasible strategy for the preparation of non-noble metal catalysts and provides a new comprehension of the catalytic mechanism of M-N-C catalysts.

CoNiCoNC tumor therapy by two-ways producing H2O2 to aggravate energy metabolism, chemokinetics, and ferroptosis.

The effectiveness of chemokinetic therapy nanozymes is severely constrained because of the low H2O2 levels in the tumor microenvironment. Unlike other self-produced H2O2 nanozymes, the N-CNTs-encapsulated CoNi alloy (CoNiCoNC) with glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase activities has two ways to produce H2O2. It can facilitate the transformation of glucose and lactic acid into H2O2 simultaneously. First, the H2O2 generation pathway is favorable for aggravating energy metabolism. Second, some produced H2O2 can be decomposed by CoNiCoNC to H2O and O2 with the 4e- pathway to alleviate the TME hypoxia. Third, H2O2 can be catalyzed to form OH to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Through proteomic analysis, nanozymes substantially impact the metabolic pathways of cancer cells because of their aggravating energy metabolism. The high levels of ROS can cause mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and cellular ferroptosis. Consequently, the two-way H2O2-selective nanoenzymatic platform realizes the synergistic effect of starvation therapy and chemokinetics.

Spastin accumulation and motor neuron defects caused by a novel SPAST splice site mutation.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. The most common type of HSP is caused by pathogenic variants in the SPAST gene. Various hypotheses regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of HSP-SPAST have been proposed. However, a single hypothesis may not be sufficient to explain HSP-SPAST. OBJECTIVE: To determine the causative gene of autosomal dominant HSP-SPAST in a pure pedigree and to study its underlying pathogenic mechanism. METHODS: A four-generation Chinese family was investigated. Genetic testing was performed for the causative gene, and a splice site variant was identified. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted separately. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed after transient transfection of cells with the wild-type (WT) or mutated plasmid. The developmental expression pattern of zebrafish spasts was assessed via whole-mount in situ hybridization. The designed guide RNA (gRNA) and an antisense oligo spast-MO were microinjected into Tg(hb9:GFP) zebrafish embryos, spinal cord motor neurons were observed, and a swimming behavioral analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A novel heterozygous intron variant, c.1004 + 5G > A, was identified in a pure HSP-SPAST pedigree and shown to cosegregate with the disease phenotypes. This intron splice site variant skipped exon 6, causing a frameshift mutation that resulted in a premature termination codon. In vitro, the truncated protein was evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, formed filamentous accumulations around the nucleus, and colocalized with microtubules. Truncated proteins diffusing in the cytoplasm appeared denser. No abnormal microtubule structures were observed, and the expression levels of α-tubulin remained unchanged. In vivo, zebrafish larvae with this mutation displayed axon pathfinding defects, impaired outgrowth, and axon loss. Furthermore, spast-MO larvae exhibited unusual behavioral preferences and increased acceleration. CONCLUSION: The adverse effects of premature stop codon mutations in SPAST result in insufficient levels of functional protein, and the potential toxicity arising from the intracellular accumulation of spastin serves as a contributing factor to HSP-SPAST.

Assessment of the application of a novel three-dimension printing individualized titanium mesh in alveolar bone augmentation: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of alveolar ridge augmentation using a novel three-dimensional printed individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) for guided bone regeneration (GBR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate alveolar ridge defects, followed by augmentation with high-porosity 3D-PITM featuring circular and spindle-shaped pores. Postoperative CBCT scans were taken immediately and after 6 months of healing. These scans were compared with preoperative scans to calculate changes in bone volume, height, and width, along with the corresponding resorption rates. A statistical analysis of the results was then conducted. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients participated in the study, involving alveolar ridge augmentation at 38 implant sites. After 6 months of healing, the average bone augmentation volume of 21 patients remained at 489.71 ± 252.53 mm3, with a resorption rate of 16.05% ± 8.07%. For 38 implant sites, the average vertical bone increment was 3.63 ± 2.29 mm, with a resorption rate of 17.55% ± 15.10%. The horizontal bone increment at the designed implant platform was 4.43 ± 1.85 mm, with a resorption rate of 25.26% ± 15.73%. The horizontal bone increment 2 mm below the platform was 5.50 ± 2.48 mm, with a resorption rate of 16.03% ± 9.57%. The main complication was exposure to 3D-PITM, which occurred at a rate of 15.79%. CONCLUSION: The novel 3D-PITM used in GBR resulted in predictable bone augmentation. Moderate over-augmentation in the design, proper soft tissue management, and rigorous follow-ups are beneficial for reducing the graft resorption and the incidence of exposure.

SNORD88B-mediated WRN nucleolar trafficking drives self-renewal in liver cancer initiating cells and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Whether small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are involved in the regulation of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) self-renewal and serve as therapeutic targets remains largely unclear. Here we show that a functional snoRNA (SNORD88B) is robustly expressed in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and liver CSCs. SNORD88B deficiency abolishes the self-renewal of liver CSCs and hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, SNORD88B anchors WRN in the nucleolus, promoting XRCC5 interacts with STK4 promoter to suppress its transcription, leading to inactivation of Hippo signaling. Moreover, low expression of STK4 and high expression of XRCC5 are positively correlated with HCC poor prognosis. Additionally, snord88b knockout suppresses mouse liver tumorigenesis. Notably, co-administration of SNORD88B antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with MST1 agonist adapalene (ADA) exert synergistic antitumor effects and increase overall murine survival. Our findings delineate that SNORD88B drives self-renewal of liver CSCs and accelerates HCC tumorigenesis via non-canonical mechanism, providing potential targets for liver cancer therapy by eliminating liver CSCs.

A Lanthanide-Incorporated Phospho(III)tungstate Aggregate Constructed from [HPIIIW8O31]10- and [W11O39]12- Building Blocks and Its Nanocomposite with CdS for Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Detection of Oxytetracycline.

A novel tartronic acid decorated hexa-CeIII-incorporated phospho(III)tungstate aggregate (C4H12NO)6Na18H2[(HPW8O31)2[W11O39]2(H2TAD)4(H2O)4W4Ce6H2P2O14]·84H2O (1, H3TAD = tartronic acid) was synthesized by a one-step assembly strategy. Its main skeleton is constructed from two [W11O39]12- fragments, two [HPIIIW8O31]10- segments and one H2TAD--ornamented dodecanuclear heterometallic [W4Ce6H2PIII2O14(H2TAD)4(H2O)4]18+ cluster. In the structure, the [HPIIIO3]2- groups not only work as the heteroatom template to induce the formation of lacunary [HPIIIW8O31]10- segments but also function as the connector to bridge Ce3+ cations. With the help of a reaction strategy of combining ultrasonication treatment with the continuous ion layer adsorption method, the 1/CdS composite was constructed and exhibits prominent photoelectrochemical activity. The 1/CdS composite was used as a photoelectrochemical sensor for oxytetracycline detection at 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which displays excellent properties with quick response and low limit of detection (0.042 nM). This work can provide some helpful references in the construction of novel PIII-induced polyoxometalates consisting of different building blocks and can extend the applications of polyoxometalate-based nanocomposites into photoelectrochemical detection for antibiotics as well as biomolecules.

Deep learning assisted logic gates for real-time identification of natural tetracycline antibiotics.

The overuse and misuse of tetracycline (TCs) antibiotics, including tetracycline (TTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), pose a serious threat to human health. However, current rapid sensing platforms for tetracyclines can only quantify the total amount of TCs mixture, lacking real-time identification of individual components. To address this challenge, we integrated a deep learning strategy with fluorescence and colorimetry-based multi-mode logic gates in our self-designed smartphone-integrated toolbox for the real-time identification of natural TCs. Our ratiometric fluorescent probe (CD-Au NCs@ZIF-8) encapsulated carbon dots and Au NCs in ZIF-8 to prevent false negative or positive results. Additionally, our independently developed WeChat app enabled linear quantification of the four natural TCs using the fluorescence channels. The colorimetric channels were also utilized as outputs of logic gates to achieve real-time identification of the four individual natural tetracyclines. We anticipate this strategy could provide a new perspective for effective control of antibiotics.

Identification of a Rye Spring Mutant Derived from a Winter Rye Variety by High-Altitude Environment Screening Using RNA Sequencing Technology.

Wintergrazer-70 and Ganyin No1 are high-yield forage varieties suitable for cultivation in high-altitude areas of Tibet (4300 m above sea level). Ganyin No1 was developed from Wintergrazer-70, with the latter serving as its parent variety. Ganyin No1 was identified as a spring variety, and subsequent RNA sequencing was conducted. RNA sequencing analysis identified 4 differentially expressed genes related to vernalization and 28 genes related to photoperiod regulation. The Sc7296g5-i1G3 gene is related to the flowering inhibition of rye, which may be related to the phenotypic difference in the Ganyin No1 variety in winter and spring. This finding provides valuable insights for future research on Ganyin No1, especially in addressing feed shortages in Tibet during winter and spring.

Near-infrared imaging for visualizing the synergistic relationship between autophagy and NFS1 protein during multidrug resistance using an ICT-TICT integrated platform.

Drug resistance is a major challenge for cancer treatment, and its identification is crucial for medical research. However, since drug resistance is a multi-faceted phenomenon, it is important to simultaneously evaluate multiple target fluctuations. Recently developed fluorescence-based probes that can simultaneously respond to multiple targets offer many advantages for real-time and in situ monitoring of cellular metabolism, including ease of operation, rapid reporting, and their non-invasive nature. As such we developed a dual-response platform (Vis-H2S) with integrated ICT-TICT to image H2S and viscosity in mitochondria, which could simultaneously track fluctuations in cysteine desulfurase (NFS1 protein and H2S inducer) and autophagy during chemotherapy-induced multidrug resistance. This platform could monitor multiple endogenous metabolites and the synergistic relationship between autophagy and NFS1 protein during multidrug resistance induced by chemotherapy. The results indicated that chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously up-regulate the levels of NFS1 protein and autophagy. It was also found that the NFS1 protein was linked with autophagy, which eventually led to multidrug resistance. As such, this platform could serve as an effective tool for the in-depth exploration of drug resistance mechanisms.

Integrating Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Photosensitization Colorimetric Detection in One Tube for Fast Screening of C. sakazakii in Formula Milk Powder.

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a widely existing opportunistic pathogen and thus threatens people with low immunity, especially infants. To prevent the outbreak, a rapid and accurate on-site testing method is required. The current standard culture-based method is time-consuming (3-4 days), while the nucleic acid amplification (PCR)-based detection is mostly carried out in central laboratories. Herein, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with a photosensitization colorimetric assay (PCA) was adopted for the on-site detection of C. sakazakii in powdered infant formulas (PIFs). The lowest visual detection concentration of C. sakazakii is 800 cfu/mL and 2 cfu/g after 8 h bacteria pre-enrichment. Furthermore, to avoid typical cap opening-resulted aerosol pollution, the PCA reagents were lyophilized onto the cap of the RPA tube (containing lyophilized RPA reagents). After amplification, the tube was subjected to simple shaking to mix the PCA reagents with the amplification products for light-driven color development. Such a one-tube assay offered a lowest concentration of 1000 copies of genomic DNA of C. sakazakii within 1 h. After 8 h of bacterial enrichment, the lowest detecting concentration could be pushed down to 5 cfu/g bacteria in PIF. To facilitate on-site monitoring, a portable, battery-powered PCA device was designed to mount the typical RPA 8-tube strip, and a color analysis cellphone APP was further employed for facile readout.

Polycarboxyl ionic liquid functionalized Yb-MOFs nanoballs based dual-wavelength responsive photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous determination of AFB1 and OTA.

Developing an accurate and precise approach for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is significant for food safety surveillance. Herein, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on polycarboxylic ionic liquid functionalized metal-organic framework integrated with gold nanoparticles (Yb-MOFs@AuNPs). Sulfhydryl functionalized hairpin DNA (hDNA) was immobilized on a Yb-MOFs@AuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface through Au-S bond. After blocking residual active binding sites with BSA, gold nanoparticles-labeled AFB1 aptamer (AuNPs-Apt 1) and gold nanorods-labeled OTA aptamer (AuNRs-Apt 2) were introduced to construct a photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous determination of AFB1 and OTA. Due to the surface plasmon resonance effect and the nanometer size effect of gold nanomaterials, the photoelectrochemical aptasensor can output photocurrent responses as being excited with different wavelengths at 520 nm and 808 nm, respectively. When the AFB1 and OTA concentration in the range of 0.001-50.0 ng mL-1, a good linear relationship between the photocurrent difference (ΔI) before and after recognizing targets and the logarithm of AFB1 or OTA concentration was obtained. The detection limits for AFB1 and OTA were 0.40 pg mL-1 and 0.19 pg mL-1, respectively. AFB1 and OTA in corn samples were detected simultaneously by the photoelectrochemical aptasensor.

Nanozyme-induced deep learning-assisted smartphone integrated colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode for detection of tetracycline analogs.

In this work, a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode probe controlled by NH2-MIL-88 B (Fe, Ni) nanozymes was developed to visually detect tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) residues quantitatively, as well as accurately distinguish the four most widely used tetracycline analogs (tetracycline (TC), chrycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DC)). Colorless substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) may be oxidized to blue oxidized TMB by the Fe Fenton reaction, which was catalyzed by the NH2-MIL-88 B (Fe, Ni) nanozyme with POD-like activity. The colorimetric detection system allows TCs to interact with NH2-MIL-88 B (Fe, Ni). This inhibits the production of ·OH, weakens the oxidation process of TMB, and ultimately lightens the blue color in the system by blocking the electron transfer between NH2-MIL-88 B (Fe, Ni) and H2O2. Furthermore, TCs can interact with NH2-MIL-88 B (Fe, Ni) as a result of the internal filtering effect, which causes the fluorescence intensity to decrease as TCs concentration increases. Additionally, a portable instrument that combines a smartphone sensing platform with colorimetric and fluorescent signals was created for the quick, visual quantitative detection of TCs. The colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode nano platform enables color change, with detection limits (LODs) of 0.182 µM and 0.0668 µM for the spectrometer and smartphone sensor, respectively, based on the inhibition of fluorescence and enzyme-like activities by TCs. Overall, the colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode sensor has good stability, high specificity, and an efficient way to eliminate false-positive issues associated with a single detection mode.

The Combination of Bioactive Herbal Compounds with Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine.

Regenerative medicine aims to restore the function of diseased or damaged tissues and organs by cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineering, along with the adjunctive application of bioactive molecules. Traditional bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and cytokines, have shown great potential in the regulation of cellular and tissue behavior, but have the disadvantages of limited source, high cost, short half-life, and side effects. In recent years, herbal compounds extracted from natural plants/herbs have gained increasing attention. This is not only because herbal compounds are easily obtained, inexpensive, mostly safe, and reliable, but also owing to their excellent effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidative, proangiogenic behavior and ability to promote stem cell differentiation. Such effects also play important roles in the processes related to tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the moieties of the herbal compounds can form physical or chemical bonds with the scaffolds, which contributes to improved mechanical strength and stability of the scaffolds. Thus, the incorporation of herbal compounds as bioactive molecules in biomaterials is a promising direction for future regenerative medicine applications. Herein, an overview on the use of bioactive herbal compounds combined with different biomaterial scaffolds for regenerative medicine application is presented. We first introduce the classification, structures, and properties of different herbal bioactive components and then provide a comprehensive survey on the use of bioactive herbal compounds to engineer scaffolds for tissue repair/regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, neural, and heart tissues. Finally, we highlight the challenges and prospects for the future development of herbal scaffolds toward clinical translation. Overall, it is believed that the combination of bioactive herbal compounds with biomaterials could be a promising perspective for the next generation of regenerative medicine.

Cascade Co8FeS8@Co1-xS nano-enzymes trigger efficiently apoptosis-ferroptosis combination tumor therapy.

This study involved the preparation of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF)-derived Co8FeS8@Co1-xS nanoenzymes with strong interfacial interactions. The nanoenzymes presented the peroxidase (POD)-like activity and the oxidation activity of reduced glutathione (GSH). Accordingly, the dual activities of Co8FeS8@Co1-xS provided a self-cascading platform for producing significant amounts of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and depleting reduced glutathione, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. More importantly, the Co8FeS8@Co1-xS inhibited the anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and activated caspase family proteins, which caused tumor cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, Co8FeS8@Co1-xS affected the iron metabolism-related genes such as Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1), amplifying the Fenton response and promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, the nanoenzyme synergistically killed anti-apoptotic tumor cells carrying Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations. Furthermore, Co8FeS8@Co1-xS demonstrated good biocompatibility, which paved the way for constructing a synergistic catalytic nanoplatform for an efficient tumor treatment.

Exosomes-Mediated Signaling Pathway: A New Direction for Treatment of Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathological process which occurs mostly in organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and lung. The injury caused by I/R gradually becomes one of the main causes of fatal diseases, which is an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic methods, including surgical, drug, gene therapy, and transplant therapy for I/R injury, the development of effective methods to cure the injury remains a worldwide challenge. In recent years, exosomes have attracted much attention for their important roles in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumor invasion. Meanwhile, exosomes have been shown to have great potential in the treatment of I/R injury in organs. The study of the exosome-mediated signaling pathway can not only help to reveal the mechanism behind exosomes promoting reperfusion injury recovery, but also provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of exosomes. Here, we review the research progress in utilizing various exosomes from different cell types to promote the healing of I/R injury, focusing on the classical signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, Nrf2, PTEN, Wnt, MAPK, toll-like receptor, and AMPK. The results suggest that exosomes regulate these signaling pathways to reduce oxidative stress, regulate immune responses, decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and promote tissue repair, making exosomes a competitive emerging vector for treating I/R damage in organs.

Portable, intelligent MIECL sensing platform for ciprofloxacin detection using a fast convolutional neural networks-assisted Tb@Lu2O3 nanoemitter.

Environmental pollution caused by ciprofloxacin is a major problem of global public health. A machine learning-assisted portable smartphone-based visualized molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (MIECL) sensor was developed for the highly selective and sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin (CFX) in food. To boost the efficiency of electrochemiluminescence (ECL), oxygen vacancies (OVs) enrichment was introduced into the flower-like Tb@Lu2O3 nanoemitter. With the specific recognition reaction between MIP as capture probes and CFX as detection target, the ECL signal significantly decreased. According to, CFX analysis was determined by traditional ECL analyzer detector in the concentration range from 5 × 10-4 to 5 × 102 µmol L-1 with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.095 nmol L-1 (S/N = 3). Analysis of luminescence images using fast electrochemiluminescence judgment network (FEJ-Net) models, achieving portable and intelligent quick analysis of CFX. The proposed MIECL sensor was used for CFX analysis in real meat samples and satisfactory results, as well as efficient selectivity and good stability.

A smart cysteine-activated and heavy-atom-free nano-photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to treat cancers.

A smart and heavy-atom-free photoinactive nano-photosensitizer capable of being activated by cysteine at the tumor site to generate highly photoactive nano-photosensitizers that show strong NIR absorption and fluorescence with a good singlet oxygen quantum yield (16.8%) for photodynamic therapy is reported.

Spontaneous Formation of Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanoparticles on Cobalt-Based Layered Double Hydroxide for Electrochemical and Environmental Catalysis.

Supported noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) are appealing for energy and environment catalysis. To facilitate the loading of NMNPs, in situ reduction of Mn+ on the support with extra reductants/surfactants is adopted, but typically results in aggregated NMNPs with uneven size distributions or blocked active sites of the NMNPs. Herein, the use of cobalt layered double hydroxide (Co-LDH) is proposed as both support and reductant for the preparation of supported NMNPs with ultrasmall sizes and even distributions. The resultant Co-LDH-supported NMNPs exhibit excellent catalytic performance and stability. For example, Ir/Co-LDH displays a low overpotential of 188 mV (10 mA cm-2) for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction and a long-term stability over 100 h (100 mA cm-2) in overall water splitting. Ru/Co-LDH can achieve a 4-nitrophenol reduction with high rate of 0.36 min-1 and S2- detection with low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 µm. Overall, this work provides a green and effective strategy to fabricate supported NMNPs with greatly improved catalytic performances.

Design a dual-response two-photon fluorescent probe for simultaneous imaging of mitochondrial viscosity and peroxynitrite in a thrombosis model.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism is a sudden cardiovascular disease that can lead to death, and its pathologic development is closely related to vascular viscosity and inflammation. However, direct evidence from in vivo is really scarce. The key limitation is that the combined probes cannot detect multiple markers simultaneously, which may lead to unreliable results. Therefore, to develop a single probe that can simultaneously monitor the variations of viscosity in the vascular microenvironment as well as inflammation level during venous thrombosis. RESULTS: A dual-responsive two-photon fluorescent probe, Cou-ONOO, was designed and synthesized. Cou-ONOO provides a visualization tool for monitoring the viscosity of the vascular as well as the inflammatory marker ONOO‾ during thromboembolism via dual-channel simultaneous imaging. As a single probe that can recognize dual targets, Cou-ONOO effectively avoids the problems from unreliable results caused by complex synthesis and differences in intracellular localization, diffusion, and metabolism of different dyes as using combinatorial probes. Using Cou-ONOO, simultaneous imaging the variations of viscosity and ONOO‾at the cellular and tissue levels was successfully performed. In addition, Cou-ONOO also successfully visualized and tracked the viscosity of the vascular microenvironment and ONOO‾ during venous embolism in mice. SIGNIFICANCE: Experimental results show that both viscosity and inflammation are abnormally overexpressed in the microenvironment at the thrombus site during venous thrombosis. An intuitive visualization tool to elucidate the variations of viscosity as well as inflammation level in the vascular microenvironment during thrombosis was provided, which will facilitate a better clinical understanding of the pathological process of thrombosis.