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Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) results from excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue remodeling after activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Abnormally deposited fibrotic ECM, in turn, promotes fibroblast activation and accelerates loss of lung structure and function. However, the molecular mediators and exact mechanisms by which fibrotic ECM promotes fibroblast activation are unclear. In a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model, we found Galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression was significantly increased in lung tissue, and overexpression of Gal-1 plasmid-transfected fibroblasts were activated into myofibroblasts. Using the decellularization technique to prepare decellularized fibrotic ECM and constructing a 3D in vitro co-culture system with fibroblasts, we found that decellularized fibrotic ECM induced a high expression of Gal-1 and promoted the activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Therefore, Gal-1 has been identified as a pivotal mediator in PF. Further, we found that decellularized fibrotic ECM delivered mechanical signals to cells through the Gal-1-mediated FAK-Src-P130Cas mechanical signalling pathway, while the CYP450 enzymes (mainly involved in CYP1A1, CYP24A1, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 isoforms) acted as a chemical signalling pathway to receive mechanical signals transmitted from upstream Gal-1, thereby promoting fibroblast activation. The Gal-1 inhibitor OTX008 or the CYP1A1 inhibitor 7-Hydroxyflavone prevented PF in mice and inhibited the role of fibrotic ECM in promoting fibroblast activation into myofibroblasts, preventing PF. These results reveal novel molecular mechanisms of lung fibrosis formation and identify Gal-1 and its downstream CYP1A1 as potential therapeutic targets for PF disease treatmnts.
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Foodborne diseases are major public health problems globally. Metagenomics has emerged as a widely used tool for pathogen screening. In this study, we conducted an updated Tn5 transposase-assisted RNA/DNA hybrid co-tagmentation (TRACE) library construction approach. To address the detection of prevalent known foodborne viruses and the discovery of unknown pathogens, we employed both specific primers and oligo-T primers during reverse transcription. The method was validated using clinical samples confirmed by RT-qPCR and compared with standard RNA-seq library construction methods. The mapping-based approach enabled the retrieval of nearly complete genomes (>95%) for the majority of virus genome segments (86 out of 88, 97.73%), with a mean coverage depth of 21,494.53× (ranging from 77.94× to 55,688.58×). Co-infection phenomena involving prevalent genotypes of Norovirus with Astrovirus and Human betaherpesvirus 6B were observed in two samples. The updated TRACE-seq exhibited superior performance in viral reads percentages compared to standard RNA-seq library preparation methods. This updated method has expanded its target pathogens beyond solely Norovirus to include other prevalent foodborne viruses. The feasibility and potential effectiveness of this approach were then evaluated as an alternative method for surveilling foodborne viruses, thus paving the way for further exploration into whole-genome sequencing of viruses.
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Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Genoma Viral , Metagenômica , Transposases , Transposases/genética , Transposases/metabolismo , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/virologia , Humanos , Metagenômica/métodos , Viroma/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/classificação , Biblioteca Gênica , DNA Viral/genética , Vírus/genética , Vírus/classificaçãoRESUMO
The relationship among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometrial cancer (EC), and glycometabolism remains unclear. We explored shared genes between PCOS and EC, using bioinformatics to unveil their pathogenic connection and influence on EC prognosis. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE226146 (PCOS) and GSE196033 (EC) were used. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the central genes. Candidate markers were screened using dataset GSE54250. Differences in marker expression were confirmed in mouse PCOS and human EC tissues using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effect of PGD on EC proliferation and migration was explored using Ki-67 and Transwell assays. PGD's impact on the glycometabolic pathway within carbon metabolism was assessed by quantifying glucose content and lactic acid production. R software identified 31 common genes in GSE226146 and GSE196033. Gene Ontology functional classification revealed enrichment in the "purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism process," with key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to "carbon metabolism." The PPI network identified 15 hub genes. HK2, NDUFS8, PHGDH, PGD, and SMAD3 were confirmed as candidate markers. The RT-PCR analysis validated distinct HK2 and PGD expression patterns in mouse PCOS ovarian tissue and human EC tissue, as well as in normal and EC cells. Transfection experiments with Ishikawa cells further confirmed PGD's influence on cell proliferation and migration. Suppression of PGD expression impeded glycometabolism within the carbon metabolism of EC cells, suggesting PGD as a significant PCOS risk factor impacting EC proliferation and migration through modulation of single carbon metabolism. These findings highlight PGD's pivotal role in EC onset and prognosis.
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This study outlines the development of a low line density, small blaze angle grating, optimized for a visible to short-wave infrared hyperspectral camera. An analysis of grating specifications was conducted to meet the precise requirements of this application, particularly focusing on the stringent tolerance limits for the blaze angle. A specialized ruling tool adjustment device was designed to adhere to these exacting blaze angle tolerances. The grating groove shape was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the theoretical diffraction efficiency of the grating was calculated based on these observations. Additionally, laser-based methods were employed to measure the actual diffraction efficiency of the grating, while interferometry was used to assess the grating's diffraction wavefront. The test results demonstrate our capability to fabricate high-quality gratings with a low line density and small blaze angles that are suitable for advanced hyperspectral imaging applications.
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BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder among women, characterized by symptoms like ovarian cysts, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic issues. This research evaluates the therapeutic potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exo) in treating PCOS symptoms within a mouse model. METHODS: BMSC-Exo were isolated from NMRI mice, characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and administered to a PCOS mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The efficacy of BMSC-Exo was assessed in three groups of mice: a control group, a PCOS group, and a PCOS group treated with intravenous BMSC-Exo. Morphological changes in ovarian tissue were examined by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL assay, and CD31 expression was analyzed through immunofluorescent staining to assess angiogenic activity. RESULTS: The existence of BMSCs-Exo was confirmed via TEM and NTA, revealing their distinct cup-shaped morphology and a size range of 30 to 150 nanometers. H&E staining revealed that BMSCs-Exo treatment improved ovarian morphology in PCOS models, increasing corpora lutea and revitalizing granulosa cell layers, suggesting a reversal of PCOS-induced damage. TUNEL assays showed that BMSCs-Exo treatment significantly reduced apoptosis in PCOS-affected ovarian cells to levels comparable with the control group, highlighting its role in mitigating PCOS-induced cellular apoptosis. Immunofluorescence for CD31 indicated that BMSCs-Exo treatment normalized endothelial marker expression and angiogenic activity in PCOS models, suggesting its effectiveness in modulating the vascular irregularities of PCOS. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of BMSCs-Exo in addressing ovarian dysfunction, cellular apoptosis, and aberrant angiogenesis associated with PCOS. CONCLUSION: The study substantiates the role of BMSC-Exo in mitigating the deleterious effects of PCOS on ovarian tissue, with implications for enhanced follicular development and reduced cellular stress. The modulation of CD31 by BMSC-Exo further highlights their potential in normalizing PCOS-induced vascular anomalies. These findings propel the need for clinical investigations to explore BMSC-Exo as a promising therapeutic avenue for PCOS management.
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Apoptose , Exossomos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Angiogênese , Desidroepiandrosterona , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Exossomos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapiaRESUMO
Facile evaluation of formation kinetics of key intermediate is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) mechanisms and the design of efficient electrocatalysts. Currently, elucidating the formation kinetics of key intermediate associated with rate-determining step is still challenging. Herein, 4-phtalamide-N-(4'-methylcoumarin) naphthalimide (CF) is developed as a molecular probe to detect N2H4 intermediate during AOR via electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and further investigated the formation kinetics of N2H4 on Pt catalysts with different crystal planes. CF probe can selectively react with N2H4 to release ECL substance luminol. Thus, N2H4 intermediate as a key intermediate can be sensitively and selectively detected by ECL during AOR. For the first time, Pt(100) facet is discovered to exhibit faster N2H4 formation kinetics than Pt(111) facet, which is further confirmed by Density functional theory calculation and the finite element simulation. The AOR mechanism under the framework of Gerischer and Mauerer is further validated by examining N2H4 formation kinetics during the dimerization process (NH2 coupling). The developed ECL active probe and the discovered facet-dependent formation kinetics of key intermediates provide a promising new tool and strategy for the understanding of electrochemical AOR mechanisms and the design of efficient electrocatalysts.
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Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) is an emerging pathogen which significantly reduces rice yields in the southern region of China. It is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis, which overwinters in rice fields. Our field investigations revealed that RSMV infection causes delayed rice heading, resulting in a large number of green diseased plants remaining in winter rice fields. This creates a favorable environment for leafhoppers and viruses to overwinter, potentially contributing to the rapid spread and epidemic of the disease. Next, we explored the mechanism by which RSMV manipulates the developmental processes of the rice plant. A rice heading-related E3 ubiquitin ligase, Heading date Associated Factor 1 (HAF1), was found to be hijacked by the RSMV-encoded P6. The impairment of HAF1 function affects the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream proteins, HEADING DATE 1 and EARLY FLOWERING3, leading to a delay in rice heading. Our results provide new insights into the development regulation-based molecular interactions between virus and plant, and highlights the importance of understanding virus-vector-plant tripartite interactions for effective disease management strategies.
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Epidemic and animal studies have reported that perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are strongly associated with liver injury; however, to date, the effects of PFASs on the hepatic microenvironment remain largely unknown. In this study, we established perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)-induced liver injury models by providing male and female C57BL/6 mice with water containing PFOS at varying doses for 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that PFOS induced liver injury in both sexes. Elevated levels of serum aminotransferases including those of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were detected in the serum of mice treated with PFOS. Female mice exhibited more severe liver injury than male mice. We collected the livers from female mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. In total, 36,529 cells were included and grouped into 10 major cell types: B cells, granulocytes, T cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes. Osteoclast differentiation was upregulated and the T cell receptor signaling pathway was significantly downregulated in PFOS-treated livers. Further analyses revealed that among immune cell clusters in PFOS-treated livers, Tcf7+CD4+T cells were predominantly downregulated, whereas conventional dendritic cells and macrophages were upregulated. Among the fibroblast subpopulations, hepatic stellate cells were significantly enriched in PFOS-treated female mice. CellphoneDB analysis suggested that fibroblasts interact closely with endothelial cells. The major ligand-receptor pairs between fibroblasts and endothelial cells in PFOS-treated livers were Dpp4_Cxcl12, Ackr3_Cxcl12, and Flt1_complex_Vegfa. These genes are associated with directing cell migration and angiogenesis. Our study provides a general framework for understanding the microenvironment in the livers of female mice exposed to PFOS at the single-cell level.
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Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos , Fluorocarbonos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Animais , Fluorocarbonos/toxicidade , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/toxicidade , Feminino , Camundongos , Masculino , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/genética , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Célula Única , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidadeRESUMO
Surface ligands play crucial roles in modifying the properties of metal nanoclusters and stabilizing atomically precise structures, and also serve as vital linkers for constructing cluster-based coordination polymers. In this study, we present the results of the solvothermal synthesis of eight novel copper alkynyl clusters incorporating pyridine ligands using a one-pot method. The resulting compounds underwent characterization through elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Our observations revealed that distinct pyridine ligands with varying lengths and coordination sites exert significant influence on the structure and dimensionality of the clusters. The structural diversity of these clusters led to the formation of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or dimer arrangements linked by seven pyridine bridging ligands. Remarkably, these complexes exhibited unique UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence properties, which were influenced by the specific bridging ligand and structural framework. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the capability of the conjugated system in the pyridine ligand to impact the band gap of clusters. This study not only unveils the inherent structural diversity in coordination polymers based on copper alkynyl clusters but also offers valuable insights into harnessing ligand engineering for structural and property modulation.
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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important horticultural crop in China. Consumer requirements for aesthetically pleasing appearances of horticultural crops are gradually increasing, and cucumbers having a good visual appearance, as well as flavor, are important for breeding and industry development. The gloss of cucumber fruit epidermis is an important component of its appeal, and the wax layer on the fruit surface plays important roles in plant growth and forms a powerful barrier against external biotic and abiotic stresses. The wax of the cucumber epidermis is mainly composed of alkanes, and the luster of cucumber fruit is mainly determined by the alkane and silicon contents of the epidermis. Several genes, transcription factors, and transporters affect the synthesis of ultra-long-chain fatty acids and change the silicon content, further altering the gloss of the epidermis. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms are not clear. Here, progress in research on the luster of cucumber fruit epidermis from physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulatory perspectives are reviewed. Additionally, future research avenues in the field are discussed.
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Cucumis sativus , Frutas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Cucumis sativus/genética , Cucumis sativus/metabolismo , Cucumis sativus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Epiderme Vegetal/metabolismo , Epiderme Vegetal/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ceras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Tumor vasculature is pivotal in regulating tumor perfusion, immune cell infiltration, metastasis, and invasion. The vascular status of the tumor is intricately linked to its immune landscape and response to immunotherapy. Vessel co-option means that tumor tissue adeptly exploits pre-existing blood vessels in the para-carcinoma region to foster its growth rather than inducing angiogenesis. It emerges as a significant mechanism contributing to anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Different from angiogenic tumors, vessel co-option presents a distinctive vascular-immune niche characterized by varying states and distribution of immune cells, including T-cells, tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and hepatic stellate cells. This unique composition contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that is crucial in modulating the response to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we systematically reviewed the evidence and molecular mechanisms of vessel co-option in liver cancer, while also exploring its implications for anti-angiogenic drug resistance and the immune microenvironment, to provide new ideas and clues for screening patients with liver cancer who are effective in immunotherapy.
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The Han Chinese history is shaped by substantial demographic activities and sociocultural transmissions. However, it remains challenging to assess the contributions of demic and cultural diffusion to Han culture and language, primarily due to the lack of rigorous examination of genetic-linguistic congruence. Here we digitized a large-scale linguistic inventory comprising 1,018 lexical traits across 926 dialect varieties. Using phylogenetic analysis and admixture inference, we revealed a north-south gradient of lexical differences that probably resulted from historical migrations. Furthermore, we quantified extensive horizontal language transfers and pinpointed central China as a dialectal melting pot. Integrating genetic data from 30,408 Han Chinese individuals, we compared the lexical and genetic landscapes across 26 provinces. Our results support a hybrid model where demic diffusion predominantly impacts central China, while cultural diffusion and language assimilation occur in southwestern and coastal regions, respectively. This interdisciplinary study sheds light on the complex social-genetic history of the Han Chinese.
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Idioma , Linguística , Humanos , China/etnologia , Povo Asiático/genética , Filogenia , Evolução Cultural , Cultura , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lifestyle intervention remains a preferred treatment modality for NAFLD. The glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been developed as new glucose-lowering drugs, which can improve fatty liver via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect. However, studies exploring the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists combined with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM are scanty. Thus, the present randomised controlled trial aims at comparing the efficacy and safety of semaglutide plus empagliflozin with each treatment alone in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS: This 52-week double-blinded, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial evaluates the effects of semaglutide, empagliflozin and semaglutide + empagliflozin in 105 eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD and T2DM. The primary outcome will be a change from baseline to week 52 in the controlled attenuation parameter, free fatty acid and glucagon. Secondary endpoints include changes in liver stiffness measurement, liver enzymes, blood glucose, lipid levels, renal function, electrolyte balances, minerals and bone metabolism, cytokines, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, anthropometric indicators, nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score, fibrosis 4 score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, intention-to-treat, interim analysis and safety analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION: This double-blinded, randomised, clinical trial involves a multi-disciplinary approach and aims to explore the synergistic effects of the combination of semaglutide and empagliflozin. The results can provide important insights into mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070674).
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Compostos Benzidrílicos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon , Glucosídeos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Glucosídeos/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/uso terapêutico , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glicemia/metabolismo , Idoso , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study has used machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive model for differentiating between dermoscopic images of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). We compiled a total of 904 dermoscopic images from two sources - the public dataset (HAM10000) and our proprietary dataset from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (DAYISET 1) - and subsequently categorised these images into four distinct cohorts. The study developed a deep learning model for quantitative analysis of image features and integrated 15 machine learning algorithms, generating 207 algorithmic combinations through random combinations and cross-validation. The final predictive model, formed by integrating XGBoost with Lasso regression, exhibited effective performance in the differential diagnosis of BCC and AK. The model demonstrated high sensitivity in the training set and maintained stable performance in three validation sets. The area under the curve (AUC) value reached 1.000 in the training set and an average of 0.695 in the validation sets. The study concludes that the constructed discriminative diagnostic model based on machine learning algorithms has excellent predictive capabilities that could enhance clinical decision-making efficiency, reduce unnecessary biopsies, and provide valuable guidance for further treatment.
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MCPH1 has been identified as the causal gene for primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced brain size and delayed growth. As a multifunction protein, MCPH1 has been reported to repress the expression of TERT and interact with transcriptional regulator E2F1. However, it remains unclear whether MCPH1 regulates brain development through its transcriptional regulation function. This study showed that the knockout of Mcph1 in mice leads to delayed growth as early as the embryo stage E11.5. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) revealed that the deletion of Mcph1 resulted in changes in the expression levels of a limited number of genes. Although the expression of some of E2F1 targets, such as Satb2 and Cdkn1c, was affected, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were not significantly enriched as E2F1 target genes. Further investigations showed that primary and immortalized Mcph1 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence phenotype. Interestingly, the upregulation of p19ARF was detected in Mcph1 knockout MEFs, and silencing p19Arf restored the cell cycle and growth arrest to wild-type levels. Our findings suggested it is unlikely that MCPH1 regulates neurodevelopment through E2F1-mediated transcriptional regulation, and p19ARF-dependent cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence may contribute to the developmental abnormalities observed in primary microcephaly.
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Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Senescência Celular , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Microcefalia , Animais , Camundongos , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Senescência Celular/genética , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/deficiência , Fator de Transcrição E2F1/genética , Fator de Transcrição E2F1/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Microcefalia/genética , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Microcefalia/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Echinococcosis is a natural focal, highly prevalent disease in China. Factors influencing the spread of echinococcosis are not only related to personal exposure but also closely related to the environment itself. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis in the future. METHODS: Data were collected from 370 endemic counties in China in 2018. By downloading Modis, DEM and other remote-sensing images in 2018. Data on environmental factors, i.e., elevation, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were collected. Rank correlation analysis was conducted between each environmental factor and the prevalence of echinococcosis at the county level. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of human echinococcosis at the county level. RESULTS: According to rank correlation analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis in each county was positively correlated with elevation, negatively correlated with LST, and negatively correlated with NDVI in May, June and July. Negative binomial regression showed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was negatively correlated with annual LST and summer NDVI, and positively correlated with average elevation and dog infection rate. The prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis was inversely correlated with the annual average LST, and positively correlated with both the average elevation and the prevalence rate of domestic animals. The prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis was positively correlated with both NDVI in autumn and average elevation, and negatively correlated with NDVI in winter. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of echinococcosis in the population is affected by environmental factors. Environmental risk assessment and prediction can be conducted in order to rationally allocate health resources and improve both prevention and control efficiency of echinococcosis.
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Equinococose , China/epidemiologia , Humanos , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Animais , Prevalência , Cães , Meio Ambiente , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
The synthesis of phase-pure carbide nanomaterials is crucial for understanding their structure-performance relationships, and for advancing their application in catalysis. Molybdenum carbides, in particular, have garnered increasing interest due to their Pt-like surface electronic properties and high catalytic activity. Traditional methods for synthesizing molybdenum carbide are often lengthy and energy-intensive, leading to an uncontrolled phase, low purity, and excessive carbon coverage, which hinder their catalytic performance improvement. This work introduces a novel pulsed Joule heating (PJH) technique that overcomes these limitations, enabling the controlled synthesis of high-purity molybdenum carbides (ß-Mo2C, η-MoC1-x, and α-MoC1-x) within seconds by using MoOx/4-Cl-o-phenylenediamine as the hybrid precursor. The PJH method allows precise control over the diffusion of carbon species in the Mo-C system, resulting in a significantly improved phase purity of up to 96.89 wt%. Moreover, the electronic structure of platinum catalysts on molybdenum carbide was modulated through electron metal-support interaction (EMSI) between Pt and MoxC, and contributed to enhanced catalytic performance compared to carbon-supported Pt catalysts during the hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, this work paves the way for efficient production of high-quality molybdenum carbide nanomaterials, and thus is expected to accelerate their industrial deployments in practical catalytic reactions.
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BACKGROUND: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the predominant etiological agent of seafood-associated foodborne illnesses on a global scale. It is essential to elucidate the mechanisms by which this pathogen disseminates. Given the existing research predominantly concentrates on localized outbreaks, there is a pressing necessity for a comprehensive investigation to capture strains of V. parahaemolyticus cross borders. RESULTS: This study examined the frequency and genetic attributes of imported V. parahaemolyticus strains among travelers entering Shanghai Port, China, between 2017 and 2019.Through the collection of 21 strains from diverse countries and regions, Southeast Asia was pinpointed as a significant source for the emergence of V. parahaemolyticus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clear delineation between strains originating from human and environmental sources, emphasizing that underlying genome data of foodborne pathogens is essential for environmental monitoring, food safety and early diagnosis of diseases. Furthermore, our study identified the presence of virulence genes (tdh and tlh) and approximately 120 antibiotic resistance-related genes in the majority of isolates, highlighting their crucial involvement in the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus. CONCLUSIONS: This research enhanced our comprehension of the worldwide transmission of V. parahaemolyticus and its antimicrobial resistance patterns. The findings have important implications for public health interventions and antimicrobial stewardship strategies, underscoring the necessity for epidemiological surveillance of pathogen at international travel hubs.