Facial Rejuvenation: A Global Trend of Dermatological Procedures in the Last Decade.

Background: We aimed to track the global trend of cosmetic treatment outcomes for facial rejuvenation and the differences in modalities used in East Asian and Western populations. Methods: Articles reporting on facial rejuvenation procedures (invasive/noninvasive) were identified in PubMed from 2013 to March 2023 and bibliometrically analyzed for type of published document, citation frequency, authors with most articles, author's affiliation, and frequency distribution of keywords. Results: From 553 articles, most were published in 2021 (n = 86, 15.6%). Western countries (n = 323, 58.4%) contributed more than East Asian (n = 230, 41.6%), with more invasive interventions (n = 355, 64.2%) than noninvasive techniques (n = 198, 35.8%). Numbers of invasive techniques in West versus East Asian countries were 225 (40.7%) versus 135 (24.4%). Main indications were the reduction of facial wrinkles and antiageing treatments. Hyaluronic acid, fillers, and botulinum toxin were the main hotspots for invasive treatments, whereas laser, platelet-rich plasma, and radiofrequency were for noninvasive treatments. Nasolabial folds (13.4%) and glabellar lines (12.4%) were the top research hotspots in the East Asian and Western regions. Common adverse events were pain, erythema, swelling, and bruising. Approximately, 89.3% of publications were from single countries, whereas 10.7% of publications were from international collaborations. Most articles (n = 387; 69.95%) presented their findings using level II evidence. Dermatological surgery (IF = 2.914) had the greatest number of publications (n = 109; 19.71%). Conclusions: The main hotspots were antiaging and youthfulness. This study provides a trend and a new perspective on the future research directions in the field of facial rejuvenation.

Structures of the holoenzyme TglHI required for 3-thiaglutamate biosynthesis.

Structural diverse natural products like ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) display a wide range of biological activities. Currently, the mechanism of an uncommon reaction step during the biosynthesis of 3-thiaglutamate (3-thiaGlu) is poorly understood. The removal of the ß-carbon from the Cys in the TglA-Cys peptide catalyzed by the TglHI holoenzyme remains elusive. Here, we present three crystal structures of TglHI complexes with and without bound iron, which reveal that the catalytic pocket is formed by the interaction of TglH-TglI and that its activation is conformation dependent. Biochemical assays suggest a minimum of two iron ions in the active cluster, and we identify the position of a third iron site. Collectively, our study offers insights into the activation and catalysis mechanisms of the non-heme dioxygen-dependent holoenzyme TglHI. Additionally, it highlights the evolutionary and structural conservation in the DUF692 family of biosynthetic enzymes that produce diverse RiPPs.

Platelet-Rich Plasma in Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Appraisal of the Available Clinical Evidence.

PURPOSE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising noninvasive technique for facial rejuvenation. This systematic literature review aims to appraise the nature and quality of published evidence evaluating the effectiveness and safety of PRP in facial rejuvenation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted with the search string "Platelet-rich plasma AND Facial rejuvenation" in PubMed and Embase. Clinical studies evaluating the outcomes after PRP-based facial rejuvenation either as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities were included. Studies evaluating wound-healing properties of PRP were excluded. The outcomes included both patient-reported and physician-assessed outcomes. Nonstatistical synthesis of evidence was performed by qualitative assessment. The results are reported by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting standard. RESULTS: A total of 36 studies that included a total of 3172 patients were considered for the evidence synthesis. The number of patients in the included studies ranging from 11 to 2005 with a median of 27.5 patients that reflects the challenges in clinically assessing the aesthetic outcomes after PRP-based facial rejuvenation. Among the 36 studies, 17 were observational studies and 18 were interventional studies with 1 being case report PRP was evaluated either alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid, lipofilling, micro-needling technique, and laser-based interventions. Among the studies, 1 study reported the enhanced platelet concentrate in a fibrin matrix to be relatively safe and effective with a maximum benefit observed at 12 weeks suggesting the platelet-rich fibrin matrix may provide desired aesthetic outcomes and it requires further studies to substantiate. CONCLUSION: The results suggest very limited clinical evidence, and further clinical studies are warranted to establish the effectiveness of PRP in facial rejuvenation. Furthermore, a consensus for end points used for establishing clinical utility in patients requiring facial rejuvenation is warranted.

Method for efficient soluble expression and purification of recombinant hyperactive Tn5 transposase.

Efficient preparation of libraries is the key step of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Tn5 transposase enables simple, robust and highly efficient tagmentation-based library construction. Here, we report a simple and reliable expression and purification strategy based on fusing Tn5 to the small B1 immunoglobulin binding domain of Streptococcal protein G (GB1) and high affinity 10× His tag. The purified recombinant Tn5 showed high DNA tagmentation activity and ultra-low nucleic acid contamination. This method greatly cuts the costs of Tn5-based NGS library construction and is beneficial to the development of new NGS methods.

[Effects of Regulating Smad7 Gene on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Keloid Keratinocyte].

OBJECTIVE: The effect of Smad7 on epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of keloid keratinocytes was studied. METHODS: Culture formed keloid cutin cells (KK) and normal skin cutin cell (NK cells), built the Smad7 too slow virus slow virus vector and Smad7 interference expression vector, screening the best expression and interfering with the slow virus infection NK and KK cells respectively, and contrast carrier puro screening stable expression cell lines, stem cells can be divided into 8 groups: NK-Control (normal training of NK cells); NK-NC (NK cells screened against lentivirus); NK-shSmad7 (NK cells that interfere with lentivirus screening); NK-mSmad7 (NK cells screened for overexpression of lentivirus); KK-control (normal cultured KK cells); KK-NC (KK cells screened against lentivirus); KK-shSmad7 (KK cells that interfere with lentivirus screening); KK-mSmad7 (KK cells screened for overexpression of lentivirus). Cell proliferation was observed by the CCK-8 method, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, cell migration ability was detected by Transwell chamber, and expression of key proteins (N-cadherin and Occludin) in epithelium-interstitial transform was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The Smad7 interfering lentivirus vector and Smad7 overexpressing lentivirus vector were successfully constructed. Interference with Smad7 can promote NK cell and KK cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit KK cell apoptosis, but it has no significant effect on NK cell apoptosis ( P>0.05). Overexpression of Smad7 inhibited the proliferation and migration of NK cells and KK cells, and promoted their apoptosis. After interfering with lentivirus infection, NK cells and KK cells showed decreased expression of Occludin protein compared with NC group ( P<0.01), increased N-cadherin protein expression in KK cells ( P<0.01), but there was no significant change in N-cadherin protein expression in NK cells ( P>0.05); After lentivirus overexpression, NK and KK cells showed increased expression of Occludin protein ( P<0.05), the expression of N-cadherin protein in NK cells decreased ( P<0.05), but there was no significant change in N-cadherin protein expression in KK cells ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The regulation of Smad7 gene can affect the EMT in normal skin keratinocytes and keloid keratinocytes, and further regulate the ability of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The effect of Smad7 gene regulation on EMT in keloid keratinocytes was greater than that on normal skin keratinocytes.

Safety and Efficacy of a Trans-Eyelid Facial Rejuvenation Surgery Combining Partial Repositioning of Orbital Fat and Midface Lift in Chinese Patients: A Prospective Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the combined technique of midface lift and partial release of orbital fat for facial rejuvenation and evaluate the safety and aesthetic results. METHODS: This was a single-center study that included patients who underwent facial rejuvenation from January 2010 to December 2016. The orbital fat was partially removed, and the cheek fat pads were repositioned to exfoliate the myocutaneous flaps of the lower eyelids and midface through a sub-ciliary incision. The cheek soft tissue pads and orbital fat were restored and sutured to the periorbital membranes and orbital margins. Postoperatively, the patients were examined at 6 and 18 months for changes in the shapes of cheeks, eyelid joints, sunken eyepit, and nasolabial sulcus along with procedural complications. RESULTS: A total of 179 (177 women; 2 men) eligible patients with a mean age of 47.17 years underwent the procedure. The shapes of cheeks and eyelid joints of all patients improved, along with shallowing of the sunken eyepit and nasolabial sulcus at 6- and 18-month follow-up. The surgical procedure involved minor trauma without facial scarring, lower eyelid flinch, and dislocation. None of the patients reported complications of nerve injuries, long-term chemosis conjunctiva, periocular swelling, or dislocation of the lower eyelids. Only 2 patients who underwent subsequent pouch surgeries had slight ectropion, which was restored within 4 months of surgery. CONCLUSION: To conclude, the combined partial orbital fat repositioning and midface lift via sub-ciliary approach is a successful treatment option for facial rejuvenation with no major complications.

Functional/Aesthetic Measures of Patient Satisfaction After Rhinoplasty: A Review.

Multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available to assess patient satisfaction after rhinoplasty. These self-assessment measures can be divided into 3 categories: measures for functional outcomes, aesthetic outcomes, and both. Although Barone et al have discussed this classification, a recently developed scale was not featured. We performed a PubMed search for publications in English that described patient satisfaction post-rhinoplasty, utilizing PROMs that facilitate both functional and aesthetic self-assessment. PROMs, including the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, the Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory 17, the Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes scale, the FACE-Q Rhinoplasty module, and the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey, were reviewed and critically appraised in terms of their content, ease of use, and analysis parameters. This review highlights the benefit of using multi-functional PROMs after rhinoplasty instead of single-purpose PROMs and enables surgeons and researchers to choose the most appropriate measure for their purpose.

[Effects of over-expressing smad7 gene on keloid fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: ?To explore if Smad7 protein can inhibit growth of keloids by observing the gene and protein expressions of Smad7, collagen type I, and collagen type Ⅲ and cell proliferation after over-expression vectors of Smad7 transfecting keloid fibroblasts (KFb). METHODS: ?Fibroblasts were acquired from 10 male patient with keloids at the age of 20 to 25 years. After in vitro culture, KFb were divided into 3 groups: untransfected group (group A), pcDNA3.1 (-) transfected group (group B), and pcDNA3.1 (-) -smad7 transfected group (group C). The mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad7, collagen type I, and collagen type Ⅲ were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot at 48 hours after transfection. The cell proliferation ability was detected by MTT assay at 24 hours after transfection. RESULTS: ?The relative expression levels of mRNA and protein of Smad7 in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B (P<0.01). The relative expression levels of mRNA and protein of collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.01). The relative expression levels of mRNA of collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.01); and the relative expression levels of proteins of Smad7, collagen type I, and collagen type Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.01). The cell proliferation ability in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B at each time point by MTT assay (P<0.05), but no difference was found between group A and group B (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ?Gene expressions of collagen type I, and collagen type Ⅲ and cell proliferation will be inhibited after KFb are transfected by over-expression vector of Smad7.