Giant epidermoid cyst penetrating the skull: a case report and literature review.

Intracranial epidermoid cyst is a rare pseudotumor of the nervous system, accounting for 0.2%-1.8% of all intracranial tumors. It is usually located in the cerebellopontine Angle or parasellar area, with insipid onset, slow growth and usually less than 2 cm in diameter. Giant epidermoid cysts that invade the bone have rarely been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of giant ECs extradural to the parietal bone, penetrating the skull and continuing to expand outward. In addition, a systematic search of four authoritative databases was conducted to collect the relevant reports of giant epidermoid cyst with diameter > 5cm for the first time, and to discuss the clinical and radiographic features of patients with giant epidermoid cyst and the influence of treatment options.

Effects of a comprehensive intervention on hypertension control in Chinese employees working in universities based on mixed models.

We conducted a comprehensive intensive intervention for hypertension patients working in universities or colleges. From July 2015 to March in 2016, 220 hypertension subjects were recruited, with 165 cases in intensive intervention group and 55 in standard intervention group. After 24 months of intervention, 208 ones including of 157 in intensive intervention group and 51 in standard intervention group were included in the final analysis. The patients in standard intervention group were given routine intervention, which mainly including of drug treatment and health education. The patients in intervention group were given comprehensive intensive intervention in addition to routine intervention, including follow-up management of hypertension, emotional, lifestyle intervention and else. The study and experimental protocols were approved by institutional review board of Zhejiang Hospital and Fu Wai Hospital and registered (ChiCTR-ECS-14004641, date of registration: May 8, 2014). After 2 years, compared with the standard intervention group, SBP/DBP in the intensive intervention group decreased by 3.7/4 mmHg and BP control rate increased by 8.9%, and the unhealthy behaviors and life quality including tension and pressure were also improved in the intensive intervention group. We used mixed effect model to analyze the intervention effect which could solve the problems of missing values and correlation. The intensive intervention of hypertension control including follow-up management, emotional and lifestyle intervention in occupational places could promote the development of the prevention, treatment and control of hypertension among staff in colleges and universities.

Effects of age and education on clock-drawing performance by elderly adults in China.

Objective: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is widely used as a cognitive screening tool. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gender, age, and education on CDT scores in a sample of elderly, community-dwelling adults in China.Methods: The sample was derived from a cross-sectional survey, "The study on the early screening methods for senile dementia." It included Chinese-speaking persons 65 years of age or older with normal cognitive functioning. All the participants underwent neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the CDT. The CDT was administered and scored using Shulman's methodology. The effects of gender, age, and education on CDT performance were analyzed.Results: The sample contained 440 males and 445 females, ranging from 65 to 93 years of age, with a mean age of 74.94 ± 6.17 years old. The mean CDT and MMSE scores were 4.81 ± 0.54 and 28.79 ± 1.35, respectively. CDT performance was significantly different among age groups (χ2 = 22.85, p < .01) and educational levels (χ2 = 6.94, p = .03). However, there was no significant difference in CDT scores between males and females (t = 0.56, p = .57). The gender difference remained non-significant when the sample was divided according to age group and educational level.Conclusions: The study provides preliminary normative data on the CDT for the older population of China. CDT performance was significantly influenced by age and education, which must be taken into account when using the CDT as a cognitive screening tool in the Chinese population.