Repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced complement C1-related inflammation impairs long-term hippocampal neurogenesis.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00027/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Repetitive traumatic brain injury impacts adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, leading to long-term cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism underlying this neurogenesis impairment remains unknown. In this study, we established a male mouse model of repetitive traumatic brain injury and performed long-term evaluation of neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus after repetitive traumatic brain injury. Our results showed that repetitive traumatic brain injury inhibited neural stem cell proliferation and development, delayed neuronal maturation, and reduced the complexity of neuronal dendrites and spines. Mice with repetitive traumatic brain injuryalso showed deficits in spatial memory retrieval. Moreover, following repetitive traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation was enhanced in the neurogenesis microenvironment where C1q levels were increased, C1q binding protein levels were decreased, and canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling was downregulated. An inhibitor of C1 reversed the long-term impairment of neurogenesis induced by repetitive traumatic brain injury and improved neurological function. These findings suggest that repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced C1-related inflammation impairs long-term neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and contributes to spatial memory retrieval dysfunction.

Phylogenomics analysis of Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) of the world.

BACKGROUND: Scutellaria, a sub-cosmopolitan genus, stands as one of the Lamiaceae family's largest genera, encompassing approximately 500 species found in both temperate and tropical montane regions. Recognized for its significant medicinal properties, this genus has garnered attention as a research focus, showcasing anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective qualities. Additionally, it finds application in agriculture and horticulture. Comprehending Scutellaria's taxonomy is pivotal for its effective utilization and conservation. However, the current taxonomic frameworks, primarily based on morphological characteristics, are inadequate. Despite several phylogenetic studies, the species relationships and delimitations remain ambiguous, leaving the genus without a stable and reliable classification system. RESULTS: This study analyzed 234 complete chloroplast genomes, comprising 220 new and 14 previously published sequences across 206 species, subspecies, and varieties worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using six data matrices through Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, resulting in a robustly supported phylogenetic framework for Scutellaria. We propose three subgenera, recommending the elevation of Section Anaspis to subgeneric rank and the merging of Sections Lupulinaria and Apeltanthus. The circumscription of Subgenus Apeltanthus and Section Perilomia needs to be reconsidered. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes highlighted the IR/SC boundary feature as a significant taxonomic indicator. We identified a total of 758 SSRs, 558 longer repetitive sequences, and ten highly variable regions, including trnK-rps16, trnC-petN, petN-psbM, accD-psaI, petA-psbJ, rpl32-trnL, ccsA-ndhD, rps15-ycf1, ndhF, and ycf1. These findings serve as valuable references for future research on species identification, phylogeny, and population genetics. CONCLUSIONS: The phylogeny of Scutellaria, based on the most comprehensive sample collection to date and complete chloroplast genome analysis, has significantly enhanced our understanding of its infrageneric relationships. The extensive examination of chloroplast genome characteristics establishes a solid foundation for the future development and utilization of Scutellaria, an important medicinal plant globally.

Key innovations and niche variation promoted rapid diversification of the widespread Juniperus (Cupressaceae).

The processes of forming lineages undergoing widespread radiations remain a knowledge gap that is fundamental to our understanding of the geographic distributions of species. Although early studies emphasized the importance of dispersal ability and historical migration events, key innovations that promote rapid diversification and/or adaptation to new habitats may also strongly influence distribution ranges. Juniperus is the second largest genus of conifers and is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we used phylogenetic, phenotypic, and climatic data to investigate the contributions of these processes to the wide distribution and rapid diversification of Juniperus. Combining a time-scaled phylogeny and macroevolutionary theory, we show that the key innovations of berry-like seed cones and dioecy promoted the rapid diversification of Juniperus and that increased dispersal ability promoted allopatric speciation. Ecological niches had significant divergence among different clades of Juniperus. Biogeographic results supported multiple long-distance dispersal events and niche variation that contributed to the modern range of Juniperus, while both phenotypic adaptation and ecological opportunity probably drove its distribution range. Our findings suggest that the current widespread distribution is likely the result of significant divergence driven by niche variation in which ecological opportunities from key innovation and phenotypic divergence.

YAP1 Inhibition Induces Phenotype Switching of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Tumor Suppressive in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) rarely responds to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment and are considered a promising target to enhance the immunotherapy response. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms regulating CAF plasticity to identify potential strategies to switch CAFs from pro-tumorigenic to anti-tumor phenotypes and enhance ICB efficacy in PCa. Integration of four PCa single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets defined pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumor CAFs, and RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and a PCa organoid model demonstrated the functions of two CAF subtypes. Extracellular matrix-associated CAFs (ECM-CAF) promoted collagen deposition and cancer cell progression, and lymphocyte-associated CAFs (Lym-CAF) exhibited an anti-tumor phenotype and induced the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells. YAP1 activity regulated the ECM-CAF phenotype, and YAP1 silencing promoted switching to Lym-CAFs. NF-κB p65 was the core transcription factor in the Lym-CAF subset, and YAP1 inhibited nuclear translocation of p65. Selective depletion of YAP1 in ECM-CAFs in vivo promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation and enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti- PD-1 treatment in PCa. Overall, this study revealed a mechanism regulating CAF identity in PCa and highlighted a therapeutic strategy for altering the CAF subtype to suppress tumor growth and increase sensitivity to ICB.

Bioinspired molecular catalysts with a unique tricopper architecture for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction.

In situ growth of intertwined trinuclear copper complexes (nCu3) on a cellulose-derived carbon support (CMC) produced a high-performance electrocatalyst (CMC-nCu3) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which demonstrated superior performance in zinc-air batteries compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work highlights the importance of copper-based molecular catalysts with rich and intertwined tricopper structures for boosting both ORR activity and stability.

Meta-analysis identifies key genes and pathways implicated in Benzo[a]pyrene exposure response.

INTRODUCTION: Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that poses significant risks to human health. B[a]P influences cellular processes via intricate interactions; however, a comprehensive understanding of B[a]P's effects on the transcriptome remains elusive. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis focused on identifying relevant genes and signaling pathways affected by B[a]P exposure and their impact on human gene expression. METHODS: We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified four studies involving B[a]P exposure in human cells (T lymphocytes, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and C3A cells). We utilized two approaches for differential expression analysis: the LIMMA package and linear regression. A meta-analysis was utilized to combine log fold changes (FC) and p-values from the identified studies using a random effects model. We identified significant genes at a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.05 and determined overlapping genes across datasets. Pathway enrichment analysis elucidated key cellular processes modulated by B[a]P exposure. RESULTS: The meta-analysis revealed significant upregulation of CYP1B1 (log FC = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.51-1.79, P < 0.05, I2 = 82%) and ASB2 (log FC = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.67, P < 0.05, I2 = 40%) in response to B[a]P exposure. Pathway analyses identified 26 significantly regulated pathways, with the top including Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling (P = 0.00214) and Xenobiotic Metabolism Signaling (P = 0.00550). Key genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CDKN1A were implicated in multiple pathways, highlighting their roles in xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress response, and cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSION: The results provided insights into the mechanisms of B[a]P toxicity, highlighting CYP1B1's key role in B[a]P bioactivation. The findings underscored the complexity of B[a]P's mechanisms of action and their potential implications for human health. The identified genes and pathways provided a foundation for further exploration and enhanced our understanding of the multifaceted biological activities associated with B[a]P exposure.

Effects of the covalent conjugation between caffeic acid and peanut allergen protein Ara h1 on the antigenicity and structure of Ara h1.

Ara h1 was the highest content of peanut allergen protein, identified as a biomarker of peanut allergen. In this study, Ara h1 was covalently complexed with caffeic acid (CA) to research the effects of covalent conjugation on the antigenicity and protein structural properties of Ara h1. After the covalent complexing of Ara h1 and CA, the IgG-binding capacity of Ara h1 was reduced compared with that of control Ara h1. Moreover, the structure of Ara h1 changed from ordered to disordered, the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds decreased, and some hydrophobic groups were exposed or hydrophobic peptides were released. The carboxyl group in CA reacted with the amino group in Ara h1. The digestibility of Ara h1-CA was increased. The antigenicity of Ara h1-CA was undetectable after 30 min of digestion in vitro. These findings can serve as a reference for further research on hypoallergenic peanut products.

PneumaOCT: Pneumatic optical coherence tomography endoscopy for targeted distortion-free imaging in tortuous and narrow internal lumens.

The complex anatomy of internal luminal organs, like bronchioles, poses challenges for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). These challenges include limited steerability for targeted imaging and nonuniform rotation distortion (NURD) with proximal scanning. Using rotary micromotors for distal scanning could address NURD but raises concerns about electrical safety and costs. We present pneumaOCT, the first pneumatic OCT endoscope, comprising a steerable catheter with a soft pneumatic actuator and an imaging probe with a miniature pneumatic turbine. With a diameter of 2.8 mm, pneumaOCT allows for a bending angle of up to 237°, facilitating navigation through narrow turns. The pneumatic turbine enables adjustable imaging speeds from 51 to 446 revolutions per second. We demonstrate the pneumaOCT in vivo imaging of mouse esophagus and colon, as well as targeted and distortion-free imaging of peripheral bronchioles in a bronchial phantom and a porcine lung. This advancement substantially improves endoscopic OCT for navigational imaging in curved and narrow lumens.

Quantum Chemistry Dataset with Ground- and Excited-state Properties of 450 Kilo Molecules.

Due to rapid advancements in deep learning techniques, the demand for large-volume high-quality datasets grows significantly in chemical research. We developed a quantum-chemistry database that includes 443,106 small organic molecules with sizes up to 10 heavy atoms including C, N, O, and F. Ground-state geometry optimizations and frequency calculations of all compounds were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level with the BJD3 dispersion correction, while the excited-state single-point calculations were conducted at the ωB97X-D/6-31G* level. Totally twenty-seven molecular properties, such as geometric, thermodynamic, electronic and energetic properties, were gathered from these calculations. Meanwhile, we also established a comprehensive protocol for the construction of a high-volume quantum-chemistry dataset. Our QCDGE (Quantum Chemistry Dataset with Ground- and Excited-State Properties) dataset contains a substantial volume of data, exhibits high chemical diversity, and most importantly includes excited-state information. This dataset, along with its construction protocol, is expected to have a significant impact on the broad applications of machine learning studies across different fields of chemistry, especially in the area of excited-state research.

[Transrectal ultrasonography of intravesical prostatic protrusion and the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) in patients with intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data on 128 patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command and Jiangsu Province Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. We measured the size of and graded IPP, compared the clinicopathological and ultrasonographic features of the patients in the CsPCa group (Gleason score ≥7) and those in the control group (Gleason score <7), and analyzed the correlation of the IPP grades with the detection rate of CsPCa by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prostate volume was significantly higher in the CsPCa group than in the control (ï¼»51.3±12.1ï¼½ vs ï¼»43.5±11.3ï¼½ ml, P< 0.05), while the PSA density (PSAD) remarkably lower in the former than in the latter (ï¼»0.45±1.92ï¼½ vs ï¼»0.59±2.14ï¼½ ng/ml, P< 0.05) and so was the detection rate of CsPCa in the patients with IPP grade 3 than in those with IPP grades 0, 1 and 2 (56.0% vs 85.4%, 87.1% and 80.6%, P< 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the Gleason score was correlated positively with the prostate volume (r = 0.612) but negatively with PSAD (r = －0.735) and the IPP grade (r = －0.619) (P< 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that IPP grade 3 (OR: 0.690, 95% CI: 0.380－0.995, P = 0.032) was an independent protective factor for CsPCa. CONCLUSION: CsPCa is significantly correlated with the IPP grade, and the detection rate of CsPCa by TRUS-guided biopsy is lower in patients with IPP grade 3 than in those with IPP grades 0－2. Therefore, special attention should be paid to false negative probability in case of high-grade IPP.

Lipid-associated macrophages for osimertinib resistance and leptomeningeal metastases in NSCLC.

Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) remain a devastating complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly following osimertinib resistance. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from EGFR-mutant NSCLC with central nervous system metastases. We found that macrophages of LMs displayed functional and phenotypic heterogeneity and enhanced immunosuppressive properties. A population of lipid-associated macrophages, namely RNASE1_M, were linked to osimertinib resistance and LM development, which was regulated by Midkine (MDK) from malignant epithelial cells. MDK exhibited significant elevation in both CSF and plasma among patients with LMs, with higher MDK levels correlating to poorer outcomes in an independent cohort. Moreover, MDK could promote macrophage M2 polarization with lipid metabolism and phagocytic function. Furthermore, malignant epithelial cells in CSF, particularly after resistance to osimertinib, potentially achieved immune evasion through CD47-SIRPA interactions with RNASE1_M. In conclusion, we revealed a specific subtype of macrophages linked to osimertinib resistance and LM development, providing a potential target to overcome LMs.

Development of an indirect ELISA for detecting Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies based on a recombinant TgIMP1 protein.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is widely spread around the world, which can cause serious harm to immunosuppressed patients. Currently, the commercial test kits are poor at assessing T. gondii infection and vaccine effectiveness, making an urgent need to exploit effective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with great performance to compensate for this deficiency. Here, the TgIMP1 recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli BL(21) cells. The TgIMP1 was purified with affinity chromatography and the reactivity was retained with anti-TgIMP1 antibodies. The TgIMP1 was then used to develop an indirect ELISA (IMP1-iELISA) and the reaction conditions of IMP1-iELISA were optimized. As a result, the cut-off value was determined to be 0.2833 by analyzing the OD450nm values of forty T. gondii-negative sera. The coefficient of variation of 6 T. gondii-positive sera within and between runs were both less than 10%. The IMP1-iELISA was non-cross-reactive with the sera of cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, rubella virus, Cryptosporidium spp., Theileria spp., Neospora spp. and Plasmodium spp.. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of IMP1-iELISA were 98.9% and 96.7%, respectively, based on testing 150 serum samples. The results suggest that this IMP1-iELISA is specific, sensitive, repeatable and can be applied to the detection of T. gondii infections in the medical and health industries.

Tumor immune microenvironment of NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertions may predict efficacy of first-line ICI-combined regimen.

OBJECTIVES: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with exon 20 insertion mutations (ex20ins) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were resistant to monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). However, recent reports have shown that the combination of ICI and chemotherapy (ICI-combined regimen) exhibited certain efficacy for NSCLC with EGFR ex20ins. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon have not been thoroughly clarified. Hence, we conducted this study tofind correlations between the tumor immune microenvironment of EGFR ex20ins and the efficacy of ICI-combined regimen. METHODS: We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence staining (mIF) to investigate the immune microenvironment of NSCLC patients with EGFR ex20ins, L858R, and EGFR wild-type. We analyzed 15 treatment-naïve NSCLC samples utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Another 30 cases of EGFR L858R and 4 cases of wild-type were recruited to compare the immune microenvironment with that of EGFR ex20ins (28 cases) by mIF. RESULTS: We observed that cell components, function and interactions varied between EGFR ex20ins, L858R, and wild-type NSCLC.We discovered similar T cell and CD8+ T cell distributions among groups but found noninferior or even better T cell activation in ex20ins patients. Infiltrating CD8+ FOXP3- T cells were significantly lower in the tumor region of EGFR ex20ins compared to wild-type. T cells from the ex20ins group had a greater tendency to promote cancer cell inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) compared to wild-type group. For macrophages, there were more M2-like macrophages in ex20ins patients. M1-like macrophages in ex20ins group produced fewer antitumor cytokines than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The immune microenvironment of EGFR ex20ins is more suppressive than that of L858R and wild-type, suggesting that ICI monotherapy may not be sufficient for these patients. ICI-combined regimen might be a treatment option for EGFR ex20ins due to tumor-promoting inflammation and noninferior T cell functions in the immune microenvironment.

Naked mesoporous rhodium nanospheres with glutathione depletion and photothermal capabilities for tumor therapy.

Pancreatic and colon cancer are malignant tumors of the digestive system that currently lack effective treatments. In cancer cells, a high level of glutathione (GSH) is indispensable to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxify xenobiotics, which make it a potential target for cancer therapy. GSH depletion has been proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Here, we reported that naked mesoporous rhodium nanospheres (Rh MNs), prepared by soft template redox method, can act as GSH depletion agent and photothermal conversion agent to achieve synergistic therapy respectively. Different from conventional nanoagents, Rh MNs with the characteristics of easy synthesis, simple structure and multiple functions can decrease the GSH level in tumor and depict excellent photothermal ability with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) up to 39%. Notably, multiple anti-tumor mechanisms in CT26 and BxPC-3 tumor models, include inhibited anti-apoptosis, DNA replication repair, and GSH synthesis are revealed, and the pancreatic tumor cure rate of the cooperative treatment group is 80%. Collectively, we developed Rh MNs to combine GSH depletion with photothermal therapy for cancer treatment.

Veterans with familial ALS and bulbar and respiratory presentations at onset had shorter survival.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize the clinical prognostic factors in veterans with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) followed in our ALS clinic. BACKGROUND: ALS is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with decreased survival compared to that in the normal population. METHOD: The electronic medical records of 105 veterans diagnosed with ALS who are followed in our ALS clinic between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. Approval from the institutional review board was obtained from the study protocol. Demographic and clinical variables included age at symptom onset, age at initial evaluation, survival (from symptom onset to death), gender, site of onset (appendicular, bulbar, and respiratory), initial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional-related score-revised (ALSFRS-R), total functional independence measure (TFIM) scores, initial forced vital capacity (FVC), and interventions (Riluzole, gastrostomy, noninvasive ventilation [NIV], and tracheostomy). Normally distributed data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Fischer's exact analysis of the distribution differences of categorical data. The Kaplan-Meier plot analyzed the time-to-event. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age at symptom onset was 62.0 (11.1) years, age at diagnosis was 65 (11) years, with 72% of the patients being over 60 years at diagnosis. The median survival time from symptom onset was 4.12 (3) years. Limb-onset ALS (appendicular) was the most frequent (52%) followed by bulbar-onset ALS (43%). The mean ALSFRS-R and TFIM scores were 31 (8) and 91 (25), respectively. Family history (familial), bulbar, and respiratory presentation at diagnosis were associated with shorter survival times. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that of the clinical prognostic factors veterans with familial ALS, bulbar, and respiratory onset at presentations had shorter survival. The presence of Agent Orange, PEG placement, and NIV did not affect survival.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of marmalade hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae).

Episyrphus balteatus can provide dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination, which the larvae are excellent predators of aphid pest whereas adults are efficient pollinator. In this study, we assembled a high-quality genome of E. balteatus from northern China geographical population at the chromosome level by using Illumina, PacBio long reads, and Hi-C technologies. The 467.42 Mb genome was obtained from 723 contigs, with a contig N50 of 9.16 Mb and Scaffold N50 of 118.85 Mb, and 90.25% (431.75 Mb) of the assembly was anchored to 4 pseudo-autosomes and one pseudo-heterosome. In total, 14,848 protein-coding genes were annotated, and 95.14% of genes were fully represented in NR, GO, KEGG databases. Besides, we also obtained the mitochondrial genome of E. balteatus of 16, 837 bp in length with 37 typical mitochondrial genes. Overall, this high-quality genome is valuable for evolutionary and genetic studies of E. balteatus and other Syrphidae hoverfly species.

Immune thrombocytopenia increases the risk of thrombosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a prevalent autoimmune bleeding disorder, with the primary objective of treatment being the prevention of bleeding. Clinical investigations have indicated that individuals with ITP face an elevated risk of thrombosis, and the occurrence of thromboembolic events in ITP patients can be attributed to a multitude of factors. However, establishing a definitive causal relationship between ITP and thrombosis remains challenging. METHODS: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilizing summary data from FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank was undertaken to investigate the causal association between ITP and thrombosis. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, while supplementary analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO approaches. RESULTS: Based on IVW method, there was a statistically significant but small positive correlation between ITP and thrombosis. Specifically, ITP patients exhibited a suggestive positive correlation with myocardial infarction and deep-vein thrombosis. However, our investigation did not identify any causal relationship between ITP and cerebral infarction, arterial embolism, other arterial embolisms, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, or portal vein thrombosis. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the accuracy and robustness of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents empirical support for the causal relationship between ITP and thrombosis. It is important to note that a diminished platelet count does not serve as a preventive measure against thrombus formation. Consequently, when managing a newly diagnosed ITP patient, clinicians need to be aware that there is a slight elevation in the risk of thrombosis during treatment.

Efficiently Substituting Dietary Fish Meal with Terrestrial Compound Protein Enhances Growth, Health, and Protein Synthesis in Largemouth Bass.

Inappropriate substitution of dietary fishmeal (FM) can adversely affect the growth, health, and metabolism of carnivorous fish species. To effectively reduce the amount of dietary FM in carnivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a terrestrial compound protein (Cpro) with chicken meal, bone meal, and black soldier fly protein was used to formulate four isoproteic (52%) and isolipidic (12%) diets, namely T1 (36% FM), T2 (30% FM), T3 (24% FM), and T4 (18% FM), for feeding juveniles (initial weight: ~12 g) for 81 days. Results indicated that the growth performance, feed efficiency, and morphological indicators, as well as muscle texture and edible quality of fish, did not differ significantly among the four groups. However, the muscle protein contents and ATP/AMP ratio of fish in the T4 group were significantly increased in comparison with those of fish in the T1 group, while the opposite was true for muscle glycogen. Compared with the T1 group, high serum total amino acid and MDA contents, as well as low AST activities, were observed in the T3 and T4 groups, and relatively high intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were found in the T2-T4 groups. The transcripts of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines (il-1ß, il-6, and tnf-α) were downregulated in the T2-T4 groups compared with T1 group, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-10) and tight junction (zo-1 and occludin) showed the reverse trend. The mRNA expression of positive regulators related to protein synthesis (sirt1, pgc1-α, pi3k, and akt) were significantly upregulated in the muscle of fish fed diets T3 and T4, while their negative regulators (4e-bp1) mRNA levels were downregulated. The results indicate that the dietary FM of largemouth bass could be effectively reduced to at least 18% by the Cpro, which is beneficial to health, digestion, and protein synthesis for maintaining accelerated growth.

Unveiling Correlated Two-dimensional Topological Insulators through Fermionic Tensor Network States -- Classification, Edge Theories and Variational Wavefunctions.

The study of topological band insulators has revealed fascinating phases characterized by band topology indices and anomalous boundary modes protected by global symmetries. In strongly correlated systems, where the traditional notion of electronic bands becomes obsolete, it has been established that the topological insulator phases persist as stable phases, separate from the trivial insulators. However, due to the inability to express the ground states of such systems as Slater determinants, the formulation of generic variational wavefunctions for numerical simulations is highly desirable. In this paper, we tackle this challenge for two-dimensional topological insulators by developing a comprehensive framework for fermionic tensor network states. Starting from simple assumptions, we obtain possible sets of tensor equations for any given symmetry group, capturing consistent relations governing symmetry transformation rules on tensor legs. We then examine the connections between these tensor equations and non-chiral topological insulators by construing edge theories and extracting quantum anomaly data from each set of tensor equations. By exhaustively exploring all possible sets of equations, we achieve a systematic classification of non-chiral topological insulator phases. Imposing the solutions of a given set of equations onto local tensors, we obtain generic variational wavefunctions for corresponding topological insulator phases. Our methodology provides an important step towards simulating topological insulators in strongly correlated systems. We discuss the limitations and potential generalizations of our results, paving the way for further advancements in this field.

Programmable in-situ co-assembly of organic multi-block nanowires for cascade optical waveguides.

Organic heterostructures (OHs) with multi-segments exhibit special optoelectronic properties compared with monomeric structures. Nevertheless, the synthesis of multi-block heterostructures remains challenging due to compatibility issues between segment parts, which restricts their application in optical waveguides and integrated optics. Herein, we demonstrate programmable in-situ co-assembly engineering, combining multi-step spontaneous self-assembly processes to promote the synthesis of multi-block heterostructures with a rational arrangement of three or more segments. The rational design of segments enables exciton manipulation and ensures optical waveguides and proper output among the multi-segment OHs. This work enables the controllable growth of segments within multi-block OHs, providing a pathway to construct complex OHs for the rational development of future optical applications.