Safety and effectiveness for oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drink at preoperative 2 hours before painless colonoscopy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and optimal dose of oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks 2 hours before painless colonoscopy. All patients receiving painless colonoscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (no carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 33), low-dose group (5 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 30), and high-dose group (8 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 30). Use of vasoactive drugs, the visual analog scale including thirst and hunger, degree of satisfaction, the time required for Modified Post Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System scale, first urination time, electrolyte level (sodium, potassium, and calcium), and blood glucose level were also determined. A total of 93 patients were recruited in this study. No significant difference was observed in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum area at T0 between low- and high-dose groups (P = .912). There was a significant difference in CSA of gastric antrum at 120 minutes after oral intake between the low- and high-dose groups (P = .015). No significant difference was observed in the CSA of gastric antrum at 0 minutes and 120 minutes in the low-dose group (P = .177). In the high-dose group, the CSA of gastric antrum significantly differed at 0 minutes and 120 minutes (P < .001). There was a significant difference in the visual analog scale scores of thirst and hunger at 4 and 5 hours after bowel preparation among 3 groups (P = .001, P = .029, P < .001, P = .001). The degree of satisfaction in low- and high-dose groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (both P < .001). In conclusion, it is feasible and safe to deliver an oral intake of 5 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink 2 hours before painless colonoscopy. The comfort level and degree of satisfaction of patients can be further improved.

Over-Expression of PTEN Suppresses the Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by a tumor-like expansion of the synovium and the subsequent destruction of adjacent articular cartilage and bone. Recent studies have shown that phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) might contribute to the surviva of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. The purpose of this study was to explore the functions and underlying mechanisms of PTEN in the proliferation and migration of FLSs. METHODS: FLSs were obtained from adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and normal rats. The expression levels of PTEN, c-Myc, cyclin D1, PCNA, and MMP-9 were detected by quantitative-real-time-PCR and western blot assay. A BrdU proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and a wound-healing assay were used to study the role of PTEN in FLSs treated with PTEN inhibitor bpv, specific small interfering RNA targeting PTEN (PTEN-RNAi) or a PTEN over-expression vector (PTEN-GV141). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-special PCR assays were used to study the expression of PTEN mRNA in the presence of DNA methylation. RESULTS: PTEN expression was downregulated in AIA FLSs in comparison to normal rats. Moreover, inhibition of PTEN expression by bpv or PTEN-RNAi could promote the proliferation and migration of FLSs, and increase the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, PCNA, and MMP-9 in AIA FLSs, but had no effect on TIMP-1 expression.In addition, transfection of AIA FLSs with PTEN-GV141 reduced their proliferation and migration. Further study indicated that DNA methylation could regulate PTEN expression in AIA. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that PTEN might play a pivotal role in the proliferation and migration of FLSs through the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, PTEN expression may be regulated by DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of AIA.

[Preparation of chloro-sparfloxacin and its fluorescence behavior].

Sparfloxacin (SPFX) can be oxidized by nitrous acid then react with chlorohydric acid further to form a strong fluorescence substance in acid media. The molecular structure is identified by elemental analysis, IR, MS and fluorescence spectra. The emission properties of sparfloxacin and chloro-sparfloxacin are greatly distinct, the fluorescence of sparfloxacin is so weak that it can not be determined by means of fluorescence spectra, but the fluorescence intensity of the new substance is 110 fold more than that of sparfloxacin itself. With quinine sulfate (0.05 mol.L-1 of H2SO4, phi f = 0.55) as standard solution, the fluorescence quantum production rate of SPFX and this new fluorescence were determined as 0.0072 and 0.1539, respectively. By this, a new sensitive method for the determination of SPFX tablets by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented with good result. The recovery of method is 97.2%. RSD is 1.6%. Finally, the fluorescence self quenching and chloro-sparfloxacin enhancement mechanism of sparfloxacin are explored in detail.

[Study on the direct determination of lomefloxacin in urine by derivative-synchronous fluorescence].

The LMX fluorescence properties at various pH of media were studied. The experiments indicated that LMX fluorescence emission wavelength is red shifted 40 nm at pH value of 3.3. The background interference was eliminated effectively. Under this condition, a new method for the determination of lomefloxacin in human urine by derivative-synchronous fluorescence has been developed. The linear equation of LMX can be obtained as dF/d lambda = -6.642c-24.143, of which the correlation coefficient is 0.9996. When concentrations of LMX were within the range of 0.35-28.10 mg.L-1, there exists a good linear relationship between the concentration and fluorescence intensity of LMX. The detection limit was 0.35 mg.L-1. The average recoveries of LMX were 97%-104% and the RSD were 0.83%-1.62%.