Connectomic insights into the impact of 1p/19q co-deletion in dominant hemisphere insular glioma patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the influences of 1p/19q co-deletion on structural connectivity alterations in patients with dominant hemisphere insular diffuse gliomas. Methods: We incorporated 32 cases of left insular gliomas and 20 healthy controls for this study. Using diffusion MRI, we applied correlational tractography, differential tractography, and graph theoretical analysis to explore the potential connectivity associated with 1p/19q co-deletion. Results: The study revealed that the quantitative anisotropy (QA) of key deep medial fiber tracts, including the anterior thalamic radiation, superior thalamic radiation, fornix, and cingulum, had significant negative associations with 1p/19q co-deletion (FDR = 4.72 × 10-5). These tracts are crucial in maintaining the integrity of brain networks. Differential analysis further supported these findings (FWER-corrected p < 0.05). The 1p/19q non-co-deletion group exhibited significantly higher clustering coefficients (FDR-corrected p < 0.05) and reduced betweenness centrality (FDR-corrected p < 0.05) in regions around the tumor compared to HC group. Graph theoretical analysis indicated that non-co-deletion patients had increased local clustering and decreased betweenness centrality in peritumoral brain regions compared to co-deletion patients and healthy controls (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Additionally, despite not being significant through correction, patients with 1p/19q co-deletion exhibited lower trends in weighted average clustering coefficient, transitivity, small worldness, and global efficiency, while showing higher tendencies in weighted path length compared to patients without the co-deletion. Conclusion: The findings of this study underline the significant role of 1p/19q co-deletion in altering structural connectivity in insular glioma patients. These alterations in brain networks could have profound implications for the neural functionality in patients with dominant hemisphere insular gliomas.

Theoretical Investigation of a Novel Two-Dimensional Non-MXene Mo3C2 as a Prospective Anode Material for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries.

A new two-dimensional (2D) non-MXene transition metal carbide, Mo3C2, was found using the USPEX code. Comprehensive first-principles calculations show that the Mo3C2 monolayer exhibits thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stability, which can ensure excellent durability in practical applications. The optimized structures of Lix@(3×3)-Mo3C2 (x = 1-36) and Nax@(3×3)-Mo3C2 (x = 1-32) were identified as prospective anode materials. The metallic Mo3C2 sheet exhibits low diffusion barriers of 0.190 eV for Li and 0.118 eV for Na and low average open circuit voltages of 0.31-0.55 V for Li and 0.18-0.48 V for Na. When adsorbing two layers of adatoms, the theoretical energy capacities are 344 and 306 mA h g-1 for Li and Na, respectively, which are comparable to that of commercial graphite. Moreover, the Mo3C2 substrate can maintain structural integrity during the lithiation or sodiation process at high temperature. Considering these features, our proposed Mo3C2 slab is a potential candidate as an anode material for future Li- and Na-ion batteries.

Modified five times simulated body fluid for efficient biomimetic mineralization.

Simulated body fluid (SBF) is widely utilized in preclinical research for estimating the mineralization efficacy of biomaterials. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct an efficient and stable SBF mineralization system. The conventional SBF solutions cannot maintain a stable pH value and are prone to precipitate homogeneous calcium salts at the early stages of the biomimetic process because of the release of gaseous CO2. In this study, a simple but efficient five times SBF buffered by 5 % CO2 was developed and demonstrated to achieve excellent mineralized microstructure on a type of polymer-aligned nanofibrous scaffolds, which is strikingly similar to the natural human bone tissue. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray examinations indicated the growth of heterogeneous apatite with a high-calcium-to-phosphate ratio on the aligned nanofibers under 5 times SBF buffered by 5 % CO2. Moreover, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared analyses yielded peaks associated with carbonated hydroxyapatite with less prominent crystallization. In addition, the biomineralized aligned polycaprolactone nanofibers demonstrated excellent cell attachment, alignment, and proliferation characteristics in vitro. Overall, the results of this study showed that 5 × SBFs buffered by 5 % CO2 partial pressure are attractive alternatives for the efficient biomineralization of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, and could be used as a model for the prediction of the bone-bonding bioactivity of biomaterials.

Construction of hierarchical NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3 tubular heterostructures for enhanced performance in catalysis and protein adsorption.

A new type of hybrid material (NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3) with a multi-layer heterostructure was designed and fabricated via a one-step pyrolysis process using FeOOH/NiMoO4@PDA as the precursor. FeOOH/NiMoO4@PDA was prepared by the solvothermal method, followed by the nickel-ion etching method coupled with the polymerization of dopamine (DA). The as-obtained material was made of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with FeNi3 and MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the FeNi3 NPs exhibited significantly improved performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and adsorption of histidine-rich protein as well as provided appropriate magnetism resources. The MoO2 NPs imparted a metallic nature with excellent conductivity, and the N-doped mesoporous carbon microtubes also improved conductivity and facilitated mass transfer, thus leading to enhanced performance in catalysis. Benefiting from the 1D hierarchical porous structure and compositional features, the NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3 composites exhibited excellent performance in 4-NP reduction and protein adsorption via specific metal affinity between the polyhistidine groups of proteins and the FeNi3 NPs. The result presented here indicates that the strategy of combining tailored components, heterostructuring, and carbon integration is a promising way to obtain high-performance composites for other energy-related applications.

Odor Fingerprinting of Chitosan and Source Identification of Commercial Chitosan: HS-GC-IMS, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, and Tracing Path Study.

Chitosan samples were prepared from the shells of marine animals (crab and shrimp) and the cell walls of fungi (agaricus bisporus and aspergillus niger). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to detect their molecular structures, while headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was employed to analyze their odor composition. A total of 220 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including esters, ketones, aldehydes, etc., were identified as the odor fingerprinting components of chitosan for the first time. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that chitosan could be effectively identified and classified based on its characteristic VOCs. The sum of the first three principal components explained 87% of the total variance in original information. An orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model was established for tracing and source identification purposes, demonstrating excellent performance with fitting indices R2X = 0.866, R2Y = 0.996, Q2 = 0.989 for independent variable fitting and model prediction accuracy, respectively. By utilizing OPLS-DA modeling along with a heatmap-based tracing path study, it was found that 29 VOCs significantly contributed to marine chitosan at a significance level of VIP > 1.00 (p < 0.05), whereas another set of 20 VOCs specifically associated with fungi chitosan exhibited notable contributions to its odor profile. These findings present a novel method for identifying commercial chitosan sources, which can be applied to ensure biological safety in practical applications.

A reference-free algorithm discovers regulation in the plant transcriptome.

Most plant genomes and their regulation remain unknown. We used SPLASH - a new, reference-genome free sequence variation detection algorithm - to analyze transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation from RNA-seq data. We discovered differential homolog expression during maize pollen development, and imbibition-dependent cryptic splicing in Arabidopsis seeds. SPLASH enables discovery of novel regulatory mechanisms, including differential regulation of genes from hybrid parental haplotypes, without the use of alignment to a reference genome.

Propulsion mechanisms of micro/nanorobots: a review.

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are intelligent, efficient and promising micro/nanorobots (MNR) that can respond to external stimuli (e.g., chemical energy, temperature, light, pH, ultrasound, magnetic, biosignals, ions) and perform specific tasks. The MNR can adapt to different external stimuli and transform into various functional forms to match different application scenarios. So far, MNR have found extensive application in targeted therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering, environmental remediation, and other fields. Despite the promise of MNR, there are few reviews that focus on them. To shed new light on the further development of the field, it is necessary to provide an overview of the current state of development of these MNR. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of MNR in terms of propulsion mechanisms, and points out the pros and cons of different stimulus types. Finally, this paper highlights the current challenges faced by MNR and proposes possible solutions to facilitate the practical application of MNR.

High-Throughput Screening Strategy for Electrocatalysts for Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde to Formic Acid.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (FOR) is an effective way to prevent the damage caused by formaldehyde and produce high-value products. A screening strategy of a single-layer MnO2-supported transition metal catalyst for the selective oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid was designed by high-throughput density functional calculation. N-MnO2@Cu and MnO2@Cu are predicted to be potential FOR electrocatalysts with potential-limiting steps (PDS) of 0.008 and -0.009 eV, respectively. Electronic structure analysis of single-atom catalysts (SACs) shows that single-layer MnO2 can regulate the spin density of loaded transition metal and thus regulate the adsorption of HCHO (Ead), and Ead is volcanically distributed with the magnetic moment descriptor -|mM - mH|. In addition, the formula quantifies Ead and |mM - mH| to construct a volcano-type descriptor α describing the PDS [ΔG(*CHO)]. Other electronic and structural properties of SACs and α are used as input features for the GBR method to construct machine learning models predicting the PDS (R2 = 0.97). This study hopes to provide some insights into FOR electrocatalysts.

[Effects of Biochar-loaded Ammonia Nitrogen on Soil Carbon Emissions, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities].

The form of soil nitrogen input significantly affects soil CO2 emission. As a new form of nitrogen input, biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen not only reduces the input of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in farmland but also reduces the cost of environmental treatment. It is of great significance to promote the zero growth of national chemical fertilizer, the prevention and control of farmland non-point source pollution, and the realization of the national goal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization." Through an indoor culture experiment, the effects of different nitrogen input forms on soil carbon emission, enzyme activity, and microbial community were studied through four treatments:no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CF), biochar combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (BF), and biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen (BN). The results showed that compared with that in CF, BF significantly increased cumulative carbon emissions (66.24 %), whereas BN had no significant difference. It is worth noting that the cumulative carbon emissions were significantly reduced by 35.28 % compared with that in BF and BN. Compared with those in CF and BF, the activities of ß-glucosidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase treated with BN significantly increased by 20.25 % and 5.20 %, respectively. Compared with that in CF, the BF treatment increased microbial community richness and community diversity, whereas the BN treatment decreased microbial community richness. Compared with that in BF, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased by 11.16 %, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota increased by 8.12 % and 5.83 %, respectively, in which xylosidase activity was the most important soil factor affecting microbial community structure. The relative abundance of Chloroflexi was significantly correlated with cellobiose hydrolase activity, and the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was significantly correlated with ß-glucosidase activity. There was a very significant correlation between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and cumulative carbon emissions. To summarize, compared with those under biochar combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer, biochar loaded with ammonia nitrogen significantly reduced cumulative carbon emissions, and its emission reduction effect was better. The results of this study will be beneficial to the landing of the national "double carbon strategy," the healthy development of the biological natural gas industry, the construction of the national green cultivation circular agriculture system, and the realization of the national zero growth strategy of chemical fertilizer.

Engineering a Metal Reductase for the Bioremediation of Anthropogenic Electronic Wastes: From Hg(II) to Au(III) and Ag(I) Enzymatic Reduction.

Recovering precious metals from electronic waste (e-waste) using microbes presents a sustainable methodology that can contribute toward the maintenance of planetary health. To better realize the potential of bioremediation using engineered microbes, enzymes that mediate the reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) have been the subject of intense research. In this study, we report the successful engineering of a metal reductase, MerA, whose cognate substrate is mercury(II), toward other precious metals such as Au(III) and Ag(I). The engineered variant, G415I, exhibited a 15-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (k cat/K M) in Au(III) reduction to Au(0) and a 200-fold increase in catalytic efficiency in Ag(I) reduction to Ag(0) with respect to the wild-type enzyme. The apparent shift in preference toward noncognate metal ions may be attributed to the energetics of valency preference. The improved Au(III) reductase has an apparent increased preference toward monovalent cations such as Au(I) and Ag(I), with respect to divalent cations such as Hg(II), the cognate substrate of the progenitor MerA (an increase in K M of 5.0-fold for Hg(II), compared to a decrease in K M of 5.8-fold for Au(III) and 1.8-fold for Ag(I), respectively). This study further extends the mechanistic understanding of Au(III) bioreduction that could proceed through the stabilization of Au(I) en route to Au(0) and suggests that the biosynthesis of Au nanoparticles with high efficiency can be realized through the engineering of promiscuous metal reductases for precious metal recovery from e-wastes.

Coronary artery calcification: concepts and clinical applications.

Vascular calcification is an important hallmark of atherosclerosis. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) implies the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), irrespective of risk factors or symptoms, is concomitant with the development of advanced atherosclerosis. Coronary thrombosis is the most common clinical end event leading to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The least common type of pathology associated with thrombosis is the calcified nodule (CN). It usually occurs in elderly patients with severely calcified and tortuous arteries. The prevalence of calcified nodules in patients with ACS may be underestimated due to the lack of easily recognisable diagnostic methods. In this review, the authors will focus on the classification, clinical significance, pathogenesis, and diagnostic evaluation and treatment of CAC to further explore the clinical significance of CN.

Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Intrinsic Versatile Coating Derived from Marine Adhesive Protein Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing through Regulating the Microenvironment.

The management of diabetic wound healing remains a severe clinical challenge due to the complicated wound microenvironments, including abnormal immune regulation, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and repeated bacterial infections. Herein, we report an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic coating derived from scallop byssal protein (Sbp9Δ), which can be assembled in situ within 30 min under the trigger of Ca2+ driven by strong coordination interaction. The biocompatible Sbp9Δ coating and genetically programmable LL37-fused coating exhibit outstanding antioxidant, antibacterial, and immune regulatory properties in vitro. Proof-of-concept applications demonstrate that the coating can reliably promote wound healing in animal models, including diabetic mice and rabbits, ex vivo human skins, and Staphylococcus aureus-infected diabetic mice. In-depth mechanism investigation indicates that improved wound microenvironments accelerated wound repair, including alleviated bacterial infection, lessened inflammation, appearance of abundant M2-type macrophages, removal of ROS, promoted angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Collectively, our investigation provides an in situ, convenient, and effective approach for diabetic wound repair.

Carbon dots with enhanced red emission for ratiometric sensing and encryption applications.

The excitation-dependent emission properties of carbon dots (Cdots) are extensively reported, but their red emission is often weak, limiting their wider application. Here we introduce ethidium bromide, as a functional precursor with red emission, to enhance the red emission for Cdots, with comparable intensity at a broad wavelength range to multi-emission Cdots (M-Cdots). We found that Cdots prepared with ethidium bromide/ethylenediamine exhibited strong blue and red emission at 440 and 615 nm, with optimal excitation at 360 and 470 nm as M-Cdots, respectively, but the Cdots from single ethidium bromide (EB-Cdots) possessed weak red emission. M-Cdots exhibited a broad absorption band at 478 nm, but a band blue-shifted to 425 nm was observed for EB-Cdots, while no absorption was observed at 478-425 nm for the Cdots prepared with citric acid and ethylenediamine. Thus, we proposed that C=O and C=N formed a π-conjugation structure as the absorption band at 478 nm for the red emission of M-Cdots, as also confirmed with the excitation at 470 nm. Moreover, the π-conjugation structure is fragile and sensitive to harsh conditions, so red emission was difficult to observe for the Cdots prepared with citric acid/ethylenediamine or single ethidium bromide. M-Cdots possess two centers for blue and red emission with different structures. The dual emission was therefore used for ratiometric sensing with dichromate (Cr2O72-) and formaldehyde (HCHO) as the targets using the intensity ratio of the emissions at 615 and 440 nm. Due to the comparable intensity at a broad wavelength range, we designed encryption codes with five excitations at 360, 400, 420, 450, and 470 nm as the inputs, and the emission colors were used for information decoding. Thus, we determined why red emission was difficult to realize for Cdots, and our results could motivate the design of red-emission Cdots for extensive applications.

Multi-level Reactive Oxygen Species Amplifier to Enhance Photo-/Chemo-Dynamic/Ca2+ Overload Synergistic Therapy.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) hold great promise for tumor treatment. However, hypoxia, insufficient H2O2, and overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder ROS generation significantly. Herein, we reported CaO2@Cu-TCPP/CUR with O2/H2O2/Ca2+ self-supply and GSH depletion for enhanced PDT/CDT and Ca2+ overload synergistic therapy. CaO2 nanospheres were first prepared and used as templates for guiding the coordination between the carboxyl of tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and Cu2+ ions as hollow CaO2@Cu-TCPP, which facilitated GSH-activated TCPP-based PDT and Cu+-mediated CDT. The hollow structure was then loaded with curcumin (CUR) to form CaO2@Cu-TCPP/CUR composites. Cu-TCPP prevented degradation of CaO2, while Cu2+ ions reacted with GSH to deplete GSH, produce Cu+ ions, and release TCPP, CaO2, and CUR. CaO2 reacted with H2O to generate O2, H2O2, and Ca2+ to achieve O2/H2O2/Ca2+ self-supply for TCPP-based PDT, Cu+-mediated CDT, and CUR-enhanced Ca2+ overload therapy. Thus, this multilevel ROS amplifier enhances synergistic therapy with fewer side effects and drug resistance.

Fe3O4 nanoparticles entrapped in the inner surfaces of N-doped carbon microtubes with enhanced biomimetic activity.

Tubular structured composites have attracted great interest in catalysis research owing to their void-confinement effects. In this work, we synthesized a pair of hollow N-doped carbon microtubes (NCMTs) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated inside NCMTs (Fe3O4@NCMTs) and supported outside NCMTs (NCMTs@Fe3O4) while keeping other structural features the same. The impact of structural effects on the catalytic activities was investigated by comparing a pair of hollow-structured nanocomposites. It was found that the Fe3O4@NCMTs possessed a higher peroxidase-like activity when compared with NCMTs@Fe3O4, demonstrating structural superiority of Fe3O4@NCMTs. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity and stability of Fe3O4@NCMTs, an ultra-sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the detection of H2O2 and GSH with detection limits of 0.15 µM and 0.49 µM, respectively, which has potential application value in biological sciences and biotechnology.

Short-term responses of soil enzyme activities and stoichiometry to litter input in Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations.

Litter input triggers the secretion of soil extracellular enzymes and facilitates the release of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from decomposing litter. However, how soil extracellular enzyme activities were controlled by litter input with various substrates is not fully understood. We examined the activities and stoichiometry of five enzymes including ß-1,4-glucosidase, ß-D-cellobiosidase, ß-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acidic phosphatase (AP) with and without litter input in 10-year-old Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations monthly during April to August, in October, and in December 2021 by using an in situ microcosm experiment. The results showed that: 1) There was no significant effect of short-term litter input on soil enzyme activity, stoichiometry, and vector properties in C. carlesii plantation. In contrast, short-term litter input significantly increased the AP activity by 1.7% in May and decreased the enzymatic C/N ratio by 3.8% in August, and decreased enzymatic C/P and N/P ratios by 11.7% and 10.3%, respectively, in October in C. lanceolata plantation. Meanwhile, litter input increased the soil enzymatic vector angle to 53.8° in October in C. lanceolata plantations, suggesting a significant P limitation for soil microorganisms. 2) Results from partial least squares regression analyses showed that soil dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass C and N were the primary factors in explaining the responses of soil enzymatic activity to short-term litter input in both plantations. Overall, input of low-quality (high C/N) litter stimulates the secretion of soil extracellular enzymes and accelerates litter decomposition. There is a P limitation for soil microorganisms in the study area.

In Situ Growth Reaction on Photoelectrodes of Single-Atom Fe Incorporated Bi4O5I2: A General Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay Toward Sensitive Protein Analysis.

As one of the interesting signaling mechanisms, the in situ growth reaction on a photoelectrode has proven its powerful potential in photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis. However, the specific interaction between the signaling species with the photoactive materials limits the general application of the signal mechanism. Herein, on the basis of an in situ growth reaction on a photoelectrode of single-atom-based photoactive material, a general PEC immunoassay was developed in a split-type mode consisting of the immunoreaction and PEC detection procedure. Specifically, a single-atom photoactive material that incorporates Fe atoms into layered Bi4O5I2 (Bi4O5I2-Fe SAs) was used as a photoelectrode for PEC detection. The sandwich immunoreaction was performed in a well of a 96-well plate using Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as signal tracers. In the PEC detection procedure, the Ag+ converted from Ag NPs were transferred onto the surface of the Bi4O5I2-Fe SAs photoelectrode and thereafter AgI was generated on the Bi4O5I2-Fe SAs in situ to form a heterojunction through the reaction of Ag+ with Bi4O5I2-Fe SAs. The formation of heterojunction greatly promoted the electro-hole separation, boosting the photocurrent response. Exemplified by myoglobin (Myo) as the analyte, the immunosensor achieved a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10-11 to 5.0 × 10-8 g mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.5 × 10-12 g mL-1. This strategy provides a general PEC immunoassay for disease-related proteins, as well as extends the application scope of in situ growth reaction in PEC analysis.

[Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TCP gene family of Andrographis paniculata under abiotic stress].

Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant in the Lingnan region of China, which has the functions of clearing heat, removing toxins, and resisting bacteria and inflammation. The TCP gene family is a class of transcription factors that regulate plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to analysis the role of the TCP gene family under abiotic stress in A. paniculata, this study identified the TCP gene family of A. paniculata at the genome-wide level and analyzed its expression pattern in response to abiotic stress. The results showed that the A. paniculata TCP gene family had 23 members, with length of amino acid ranging from 136 to 508, the relative molecular mass between 14 854.71 and 55 944.90 kDa, and the isoelectric point between 5.67 and 10.39. All members were located in the nucleus and unevenly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into three subfamilies: PCF, CIN and CYC/TB1. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that most members of the TCP gene family contained motif 1, motif 2, motif 3 in the same order and 1-3 CDS. The analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that the transcriptional expression of the TCP gene family in A. paniculata might be induced by light, hormones, and adversity stress. In light of the expression pattern analysis and qRT-PCR verification, the expression of ApTCP4, ApTCP5, ApTCP6, and ApTCP11 involved in response by various abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, and MeJA. This study lays the foundation for in-depth exploration of the functions of A. paniculata TCP genes in response to abiotic stress.

Interfacing Ag2S Nanoparticles and MoS2 Nanosheets on Polypyrrole Nanotubes with Enhanced Catalytic Performance.

The tubular architecture with multiple components can bring synergistic effects to improve the enzyme-like activity of molybdenum-based nanomaterials. Here, a facile polypyrrole (PPy)-protected hydrothermal sulfidation process was implemented to engineer MoS2/Ag2S heterointerfaces encapsulated in one-dimensional (1D) PPy nanotubes with MoO3@Ag nanorods as the self-sacrificing precursor. Notably, the sulfidation treatment led to the generation of MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) and Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) and the creation of a tubular structure with a "kill three birds with one stone" role. The Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanotubes showed the synergistic combined effects of Ag2S NPs, MoS2 NSs, and the 1D tube-like nanostructure. Based on the synergistic effects from these multiple components and the tubular structure, Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanocomposites were used as a colorimetric sensing platform for detecting H2O2. Moreover, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) revealed excellent catalytic activity in the presence of NaBH4 and Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanocomposites. This work highlights the effects of MoS2/Ag2S heterointerfaces and the hierarchical tubular structure in catalysis, thereby providing a new avenue for reducing 4-NP and the enzyme-like catalytic field.

Exploring patient delay in people with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.

To examine the factors that contribute to patient delays among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and offer insights to help develop specific risk management strategies. Conducted as a cross-sectional study between September 2021 and April 2022, this study used a convenient sampling technique to select 245 individuals diagnosed with CKD from a Grade 3 Class A hospital located in Shanxi Province. These individuals were chosen as the subjects of the study. The research participants underwent an investigation using several assessment tools, including socio-demographic information questionnaire, medical behavior, the social support rating scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire, and the General Self-efficacy Scale. The study revealed that 35.4% of individuals with CKD experienced patient delay (the interval between the initial onset and the time of seeking medical attention being longer than or equal to 3 months). Through a multifactorial logistic regression analysis, it was determined that various factors independently influenced patient delay in patients with CKD. These factors included the level of knowledge about CKD, educational level, frequency of attending physical examinations, severity of initial symptoms, social support, self-efficacy, positive coping, and negative coping. Numerous factors contribute to the Patient Delay. To effectively enhance awareness and coping abilities regarding CKD in high-risk groups, it is essential to implement focused and continuous interventions throughout the medical seeking process.