Glucocorticoids promote joint microenvironment alteration of GABBR1 expression associated with mitigating rheumatoid arthritis.

GABBR1 receptors have been implicated in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) was shown to be downregulated by GABA and result in unchecked production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. GABBR1 is a member of GABA receptors, and it is known to be upregulated and plays a vital role in RA. Glucocorticoids are efficient therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are known to regulate GABA actions; therefore, we intended to investigate the potential of glucocorticoids in RA concerning the potential pathway GABBR1/MAPK. Joint specimens were obtained from collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. A double-blind semi-quantitative analysis of vascularity, cell infiltration, as well as lining thickness by help of a 4-point scale setting was used to assess joint inflammation. Expression of GABBR1 and p38 was evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro peripheral blood (PB), synovial fluid (SF), and mononuclear cells (MCs) were acquired from RA mice. Western blotting was used for detecting expression of GABBR1 and p38 proteins. The presence of high levels of GABBR1 and p38 was prevalent in RA joints relative to healthy joints and related to the inflammation level. Glucocorticoid treatment alters GABBR1 along with p38 protein expression in joints while reducing joint inflammation. Ex vivo and in vitro assays revealed glucocorticoids have a direct impact on p38, such as the decreased GABBR1 expression level after dexamethasone incubation with SFMC. GABBR1 together with p38 expression in RA joints depends on local inflammation and can be targeted by glucocorticoids.

Estimating surgical probability: Development and validation of a prognostic model for patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with acupuncture.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of pain in the lumbar spine and legs. While acupuncture has become the primary conservative treatment for LDH, some patients experience treatment failure and require surgery, causing substantial concern for clinicians. We developed an effective personalized clinical prediction model to identify the independent risk factors associated with acupuncture failure in patients with LDH. Our model aimed to predict the probability of surgery within 6 months of acupuncture failure in patients with LDH. A total of 738 patients with LDH who underwent acupuncture at 4 Chinese hospitals between January 2019 and October 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into training (n = 496) and validation (n = 242) cohorts. Seven predictive variables, including smoking, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, lower-limb herniation, disc herniation type, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar lateral recess stenosis, and acupuncture frequency, were selected as risk factors using least absolute shrinkage and selection operato (LASSO) regression. A prediction model was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and a nomogram was constructed. The model exhibited good discrimination, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.903 for the development cohort and 0.899 for the validation cohort. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was a good fit for both cohorts (P = .956 for the development cohort; P = .513 for the validation cohort). Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the threshold probabilities for the 2 cohorts ranged from > 4% and 5-95%, respectively. Therefore, the prediction model had a good net benefit. The nomogram established in this study, incorporating 7 risk factors, demonstrated a good predictive ability. It could predict acupuncture failure in LDH patients and the risk of surgery within 6 months, enabling physicians to conduct individualized treatment measures.

Progress in the preparation, application, and recycling of black phosphorus.

Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) are a new member of the nanomaterial family, and they have good development potential in electrochemistry, electronics, optoelectronics, environmental protection, biomedical, and other fields because of their bandgap width, high anisotropy, broad optical absorption, high carrier mobility and many other features. Although many articles have been published about the preparation and application of BPNSs, these aspects have not been elucidated, and we aimed to fill this knowledge gap in this review. First, we used VOSviewer software to sort out articles published in the past 5 years and drew a literature map, which allowed us to sort out the relationship between various studies related to BPNSs, and reflect on the research focus in recent years. Because BPNSs must be made from black phosphorus (BP), and BPNSs are a nano form of BP, the collation of the BP preparation scheme was also helpful for the related research on BPNSs. This paper introduces the preparation of bulk BP and BPNSs, analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and points out the most promising methods in the future. Then, we propose improvement directions for this method. We also introduce the characterization of BPNSs and combine it with the subsequent photocatalytic application of BPNSs. As a new material, the effect of BPNSs on the environment is still unknown; thus, an end treatment scheme for BPNSs is summarized according to existing methods. Based on the experience of nanomaterial treatment, this paper proposes a research focus for the end treatment of BPNSs in the future, providing a reference scheme for the end treatment of other nanomaterials. Finally, we summarize the full text and propose recommended methods and improvement plans.

[Professor SHAO Ming-xi's experience in differentiation and treatment of arthralgia in breast cancer with acupuncture, moxibustion and tuina].

Professor SHAO Ming-xi 's experience in treatment of arthralgia in breast cancer is summarized. Professor SHAO believes that the dysfunction of liver, spleen and kidney is the primary and the invasion of the exogenous wind, cold and damp is the secondary in arthralgia in breast cancer. Emphasized on syndrome/pattern differentiation, this disorder is identified as 4 patterns, i.e. liver qi stagnation, blockage by phlegm and stasis, qi and blood deficiency and obstruction by wind, cold and damp. Acupuncture-moxibustion is applied to Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Waiguan (TE 5). The supplementary acupoints are selected on the base of syndrome/pattern differentiation. Tuina is combined with acupuncture-moxibustion and the reinforcing and reducing techniques are used appropriately. Shaoyang meridian is specially considered, due to which, Waiguan (TE 5) and Zhongzhu (TE 3) of triple energizer meridian of hand-shaoyang and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zulinqi (GB 41) of gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyang are combined. Additionally, it stresses the combination of the local and distal acupoints and the coordination of various therapies of TCM to achieve the better effect.

Acupuncture for Arthralgia Induced by Aromatase Inhibitors in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia (AIA) is the most common side effect of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) used in breast cancer patients and is related to the rate of adherence to AIs. The clinical effects of acupuncture on AIA have been assessed by some randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, some studies reported that acupuncture was effective, while others claimed that it was ineffective. To clarify the clinical and placebo effects of acupuncture in treating AIA, we conducted this meta-analysis. METHODS: Two reviewers (XL and GW) independently searched for RCTs in 5 English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Springer, Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), SinoMed, VIP and Wanfang Database) from their inception to 30 November 2019. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this meta-analysis was performed by fixed or random-effects models, and data were pooled with mean differences (MDs). RESULTS: Seven trials involving 603 patients were reviewed. The primary outcome, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) score, significantly differed between the acupuncture and control groups [pain-related interference: MD = -1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-2.99, -0.79], Z = 3.36 (P = .008 < .05), pain severity: MD = -1.57, 95% CI [-2.46, -0.68], Z = 3.45 (P = .0006 < .05), worst pain: MD = -2.31, 95% CI [-3.15, -1.48], Z = 5.47 (P < .0001 < .05)]. No severe adverse events were reported in any study. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that acupuncture is a safe and effective treatment for breast cancer patients with AIA. Additional research with improved blinding methods is warranted to further explore the nature of non-specific and placebo effects in true and sham acupuncture.

Treatment of acute urticaria with acupuncture.

RATIONALE: Urticaria is a refractory dermatosis with long duration and a high recurrence rate. More to the point, medication of acute urticaria always demands high doses, which may cause some adverse effects. Acupuncture, with a history for over 2000 years, has been utilized in clinical practice as an alternative treatment strategy for dermatologic diseases. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 26-year-old male nurse on duty suddenly fell sick during the night-shift in the ward. Wheals began spreading all over his body, but he had no urticaria medicine on hand. The unbearable itching made it extremely difficult for him to resume working. DIAGNOSIS: The patient was diagnosed with acute urticaria according to the symptoms. INTERVENTIONS: A 30-minute acupuncture treatment was performed. OUTCOMES: About 5 minutes after needles were inserted into the acupoints, the patient felt significantly relieved of itching sensation; moreover, he could even subjectively control himself from scratching and could calmly wait for gradual disappearance of the wheals. Then 30 minutes later, the wheals almost faded away. LESSONS: The results suggest that acupuncture may be a promising alternative therapy to treat acute urticaria, especially for patients who cannot receive drug treatment.

GIT1 contributes to autophagy in osteoclast through disruption of the binding of Beclin1 and Bcl2 under starvation condition.

Approximately 10-15% of all bone fractures do not heal properly, causing patient morbidity and additional medical care expenses. Therefore, better mechanism-based fracture repair approaches are needed. In this study, a reduced number of osteoclasts (OCs) and autophagosomes/autolysosomes in OC can be observed in GPCR kinase 2-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) knockout (KO) mice on days 21 and 28 post-fracture, compared with GIT1 wild-type (GIT1 WT) mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that GIT1 contributes to OC autophagy under starvation conditions. Mechanistically, GIT1 interacted with Beclin1 and promoted Beclin1 phosphorylation at Thr119, which induced the disruption of Beclin1 and Bcl2 binding under starvation conditions, thereby, positively regulating autophagy. Taken together, the findings suggest a previously unappreciated role of GIT1 in autophagy of OCs during fracture repair. Targeting GIT1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for bone fractures.

[Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials of Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis of Yang-deficiency Pattern by Acupuncture Plus Moxibustion].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion and simple acupuncture in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of yang-deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Fifty-eight KOA patients with yang-deficiency syndrome were chosen and randomly divided into acupuncture plus moxibustion group (n＝30) and acupuncture group (n＝28). Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Liangqiu (ST 34), Heding (EX-LE 2), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34) on the affected side of the body were punctured with filiform needles or/and stimulated with moxibustion using seed-sized moxa cones. The treatment was conducted once daily for 10 days, followed with another 10 days after 2 days interval. The pain severity was evaluated by using visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were used to measure the KOA pain, stiffness and function before and after the treatment, and 1 month after the treatment. The therapeutic effect was also evaluated according to the "Standards for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Diseases/Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine" (issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 1994). RESULTS: Twenty days and 1 month after the treatment, the scores of VAS, and KOA pain, stiffness and motor function of WOMAC were significantly decreased in both groups in comparison with their own pre-treatment (P<0.01), and were obviously lower in the acupuncture plus moxibustion group than in the acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Of the 28 and 30 cases in the acupuncture and acupuncture plus moxibustion groups, 7 and 12 experienced marked improvement, 12 and 16 were effective, 9 and 2 ineffective, with the therapeutic effect being 67.86% and 93.33%, respectively. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion was apparently superior to that of simple acupuncture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture plus moxibustion is significantly superior to simple acupuncture therapy in relieving symptoms of KOA patients, and also has a better post-effect.

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Aging on Fracture Healing.

Increasing age negatively affects different phases of bone fracture healing. The present study aimed to explore underlying mechanisms related to bone fracture repair in the elderly. GSE17825 public transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used for analysis. First, raw data were normalized and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Next, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were implemented to evaluate pathways and DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed. A total of 726, 861, and 432 DEGs were identified between the young and elderly individuals at 1, 3, and 5 days after fracture, respectively. The results of GO, KEGG, and PPI network analyses suggested that the inflammatory response, Wnt signaling pathway, vascularization-associated processes, and synaptic-related functions of the identified DEGs are markedly enriched, which may account for delayed fracture healing in the elderly. These findings provide valuable clues for investigating the effects of aging on fracture healing but should be validated through further experiments.