RESUMO
Peach (Prunus persica) is an economically important fruit crop globally and an excellent material for genomic studies. While considerable progress has been made in unveiling trait-associated genes within cultivars and wild relatives, certain novel genes controlling valuable traits in peach landraces, such as the red-flowering gene, remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the diploid genome of the red-flower landrace 'Yingzui' (abbreviated as 'RedY'). Multi-omics profiling of red petals of 'RedY' revealed the intensified red coloration associated with anthocyanins accumulation and concurrent decline in flavonols. This phenomenon is likely attributed to a natural variant of Flavonol Synthase (FLS) harboring a 9-bp exonic insertion. Intriguingly, the homozygous allelic configurations of this FLS variant were only observed in red-flowered peaches. Furthermore, the 9-bp sequence variation tightly associated with pink/red petal color in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of collected peach germplasm resources. Functional analyses of the FLS variant, purified from procaryotic expression system, demonstrated its diminished enzymatic activity in flavonols biosynthesis, impeccably aligning with the cardinal trait of red flowers. Therefore, the natural FLS variant was proposed as the best candidate gene for red-flowering trait in peach. The pioneering unveiling of the red-flowered peach genome, coupled with the identification of the candidate gene, expanded the knowledge boundaries of the genetic basis of peach traits and provided valuable insights for future peach breeding efforts.
RESUMO
Coal mining may lead to ground subsidence in a long term and is widely distributed, which can cause environmental damage and other disasters. Predicting the dynamic process of ground subsidence in real time is very important for offering theoretical or technical guidance to deal with the consequences of mining. In this study, we developed a prediction method for dynamic ground subsidence using a time function model that considers two stages of surface subsidence and reflects the law of surface subsidence in goaf. We applied the model to the Barapukuria mine, and our simulation shows that the prediction results are in good agreement with the monitoring data. Our results suggest that the dynamic development of the ground subsidence basin may be an effective measure to assess the loss of ground and provide early warning of oncoming hazards.
RESUMO
Allelopathy is a plant-plant interaction mediated by the allelochemicals, which directly or indirectly influence plant growth. As the major part in response to allelochemicals, root morphological traits play an important role in allelopathy research. The global pattern of effects of exogenous allelochemicals on root morphology is not well known. We carried out a meta-analysis based on 61 studies to assess the effects of allelochemicals, including phenols, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing allelochemicals, on root morphology, especially on root length. We found that the allelochemicals significantly inhibited root length, but had little effect on root biomass, root surface area, and root volume. Phenols exhibited the most inhibitory effects on root length, while the allelochemicals had more inhibitory effect on root length of herbs than woody species as well as crops and other species. There was a linear relationship between phenols concentrations and their effect size. We quantified the dose-effect relationship of four phenolic acids, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and cinnamic acid. The inhibitory effect of flavonoids on root length was significantly higher than that of phenolic acids. Together, these findings suggested that the responses of target plant root traits to allelochemicals depended on allelochemicals type and dose, species identity, and culture conditions. Future studies need to decipher the mechanism underlying the allelochemicals on root traits of morphology, physiology and architecture under soil environment.
