Cord Obstruction and Delayed Cord Clamping Do Not Affect Gut Function in Neonatal Piglets.

INTRODUCTION: Birth-related obstruction of umbilical blood flow may induce hypoxic insults that affect postnatal organ adaptation. Using newborn cesarean-delivered pigs, we hypothesized that cord obstruction during delivery negatively affects physiological transition and gut maturation. Further, we investigated if delayed cord clamping (DCC) improves gut outcomes, including sensitivity to formula-induced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like lesions. METHODS: In experiment 1, preterm (n = 24) and near-term (n = 29) piglets were subjected to umbilical cord obstruction (UCO, 5-7 min in utero), with corresponding pigs delivered without obstruction (CON, n = 17-22). Experiment 2 assessed preterm pigs subjected to delayed cord clamping (n = 30, 60 s) or immediate cord transection with umbilical cord milking (UCM, n = 34). Postnatal vital parameters were recorded, together with a series of gut parameters after 3 days of formula feeding. RESULTS: UCO induced respiratory-metabolic acidosis in near-term pigs at birth (pH 7.16 vs. 7.32, pCO2 12.5 vs. 9.2 kPa, lactate 5.2 vs. 2.5 mmol/L, p < 0.05). In preterm pigs, UCO increased failure of resuscitation and mortality shortly after birth (88 vs. 47%, p < 0.05). UCO did not affect gut permeability, transit time, macromolecule absorption, six digestive enzymes, or sensitivity to NEC-like lesions. In experiment 2, DCC improved neonatal hemodynamics (pH 7.28 vs. 7.20, pCO2 8.9 vs. 9.9 at 2 h, p < 0.05), with no effects on gut parameters. CONCLUSION: UCO and DCC affect neonatal transition and hemodynamics, but not neonatal gut adaptation or sensitivity to NEC-like lesions. Our findings suggest that the immature newborn gut is highly resilient to transient birth-related changes in cord blood flow.

Recent advances in the impact of gelatinization degree on starch: Structure, properties and applications.

During home cooking or industrial food processing operations, starch granules usually undergo a process known as gelatinization. The starch gelatinization degree (DG) influences the structural organization and properties of starch, which in turn alters the physicochemical, organoleptic, and gastrointestinal properties of starchy foods. This review summarizes methods for measuring DG, as well as the impact of DG on the starch structure, properties, and applications. Enzymatic digestion, iodine colorimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry are the most common methods for evaluating the DG. As the DG increases, the structural organization of the molecules within starch granules is progressively disrupted, the particle size of the granules is altered due to swelling and then disruption, the crystallinity is decreased, the molecular weight is reduced, and the starch-lipid complexes are formed. The impact of DG on the starch structure and properties depends on the processing method, operating conditions, and starch source. The starch DG affects the quality of many foods, including baked goods, fried foods, alcoholic beverages, emulsified foods, and edible inks. Thus, a better understanding of the changes in starch structure and function caused by gelatinization could facilitate the development of foods with novel or improved properties.

[Comparison of 5-year survival rate and analysis of prognostic factors influencing the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: based on the SEER database].

Objective:To analyze the difference in 5-year survival between maxillary sinus adenoidal cystic carcinoma（maxillary sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma, MSACC） and squamous cell carcinoma（maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma, MSSCC） using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End. Results:database（SEER） and to explore the factors associated with the prognosis of the two tumors. Methods:The data of 161 patients with MSACC and 929 patients with MSSCC were collected from SEER database, and the 5-year overall survival rate（OS） and tumor specific survival rate（CSS） were compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. The forest map of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was established to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival rate of patients with MSACC and MSSCC. Results:There were statistical differences in 5-year OS and CSS between MSACC and MSSCC before and after propensity score matching（P<0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, side of the disease, lymph node metastasis, operation and radiotherapy were the influencing factors of OS in MSACC, while age and operation were the influencing factors of CSS. Age, race, T grade, lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the influencing factors of OS of MSSCC. Age, T grade, lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the influencing factors of CSS. Conclusion:The 5-year survival rate of MSACC is higher than that of MSSCC. Surgery plays a positive role in the prognosis of the two kinds of tumors. The analysis results can provide some reference for their survival expectations and treatment choices.

[Clinical analysis of 12 cases of solitary fibrous tumors in nasal cavity, sinuses and skull base].

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management and prognostic features of solitary fibrous tumor（SFT） in nasal cavity, sinus and skull base. Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with STF from nasal cavity, sinus and cranial base admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2014 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 patients admitted to the department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery and 8 patients admitted to the department of skull base surgery The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management and prognosis were analyzed. Results:Twelve patients were included in this research, including 7 males and 5 females. All patients received surgical treatment, and 4 patients also received postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After follow-up for 12-60 months, 4 patients with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy had a good prognosis, and among 8 patients who did not receive radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 6 patients had good prognosis and 2 patients showed relapse. Four patients with a history of recurrence of SFT after surgery were admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment, in which 1 patient had relapse after surgery, and none had metastasis. Nasal cavity and sinus to skull base SFT is rare. The most effective treatment for this disease is surgical resection, and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation and long-term follow-up can achieve a better prognosis. En bloc resection is the key to treatment success.

Endovascular thrombectomy versus medical management on outcomes with infarct volumes more than 70 mL.

OBJECTIVE: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large infarct volume remains controversial. The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes between EVT and medical management in acute large vessel occlusion with infarct volumes larger than 70 mL on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, including patients with anterior cerebral circulation occlusion due to ischemic stroke with infarct volumes larger than 70 mL within 24 h of onset between July 2018 and June 2023. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: the EVT group and the medical management (non-EVT) group. The main outcomes were functional independence and mortality at 90 days. To assess clinical endpoints, we selected variables including age, NIHSS score, infarct volume, and occlusion location for 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching and PS adjustment using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). RESULTS: Among the 131 identified patients (mean [SD] age, 69.9 [13.7] years; 58 female), the median infarct volume was 123.6 mL. Of these patients, 75 (57.3%) underwent EVT. After PS adjustment, EVT was not associated with functional independence (10.9% vs. 10.9%; p = 1.000) or mortality (43.5% vs. 47.8%; p = 0.675). Additionally, after PS adjustment using IPTW, EVT was also not associated with a functional independence (15.8% vs. 13.7%; p = 0.767) or mortality (46.8% vs. 44.0%; p = 0.762). CONCLUSION: This study provides real-world evidence regarding infarct volumes larger than 70 mL, indicating that EVT does not provide benefits compared to medical management alone when considering age, NIHSS score, infarct volume, and occlusion location.

Untargeted lipidomics of bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by hyperoxia exposure in rats.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by impaired lung development, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The synthesis and metabolism of lipids play a critical role in normal lung development, such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, a key component of pulmonary surfactant (PS). Therefore, we conducted a lipidomics study of rat lung tissue to explore the changes of pulmonary lipid composition in the progression of BPD disease. Methods: In this study, we exposed neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to hyperoxia for 14 days. After hyperoxia exposure, the lung tissues of rats were analyzed pathologically, and untargeted lipidomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining showed that the alveoli enlarged, the number of alveoli decreased and the pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SFTPD) decreased in hyperoxia-exposed rats. A total of 620 pulmonary lipids were detected by LC-MS/MS, covering 27 lipid categories. The most common lipids were triacylglycerol (TAG), followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Conclusions: Compared with those rats exposed to normoxic conditions, the lipid levels in the lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia for 14 days generally decreased, with the levels of TAG and PC decreasing most significantly. In short, our results provide a clue for finding therapeutic targets and biomarkers of a BPD rat model lung liposome.

Effect of starch degradation induced by extruded pregelatinization treatment on the quality of gluten-free brown rice bread.

There is considerable interest in preparing high-quality gluten-free bread. The effect of the molecular structure of extruded pregelatinization starch on the dough's rheological properties and the brown rice bread's quality was investigated. Extruded rice starch (ERS) was prepared with various added moisture contents of 20 % (ERS20), 30 % (ERS30), and 40 % (ERS40), respectively. ERS had smaller molecular weight and more short branched chains as the moisture content decreased. The dough elasticity and deformation resistance were improved with the ERS supplementation and in the order of ERS40 > ERS30 > ERS20 at the same level. Fortification with ERS improved the gluten-free brown rice bread quality. Compared to the control group, breadcrumbs supplemented with ERS20 at the 10 % level showed an increase in cell density from 17.87 cm-2 to 28.32 cm-2, a decrease in mean cell size from 1.22 mm2 to 0.81 mm2, and no significant change in cell area fraction. In addition, the specific volume increased from 1.50 cm3/g to 2.04 cm3/g, the hardness decreased from 14.34 N to 6.28 N, and the springiness increased from 0.56 to 0.74. The addition of extruded pregelatinization starches with smaller molecular weights and higher proportions of short chains is promising for preparing high-quality gluten-free bread.

PC (16:0/14:0) ameliorates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by upregulating claudin-1 and promoting alveolar type II cell repair.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant challenge in neonatal care, the pathogenesis of which potentially involves altered lipid metabolism. Given the critical role of lipids in lung development and the injury response, we hypothesized that specific lipid species could serve as therapeutic agents in BPD. This study aimed to investigate the role of the lipid Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/14:0) in modulating BPD pathology and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. Our approach integrated in vitro and in vivo methodologies to assess the effects of PC (16:0/14:0) on the histopathology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and molecular markers in lung tissue. In a hyperoxia-induced BPD rat model, we observed a reduction in alveolar number and an enlargement in alveolar size, which were ameliorated by PC (16:0/14:0) treatment. Correspondingly, in BPD cell models, PC (16:0/14:0) intervention led to increased cell viability, enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and elevated surfactant protein C (SPC) expression. RNA sequencing revealed significant gene expression differences between BPD and PC (16:0/14:0) treated groups, with a particular focus on Cldn1 (encoding claudin 1), which was significantly enriched in our analysis. Our findings suggest that PC (16:0/14:0) might protect against hyperoxia-induced alveolar type II cell damage by upregulating CLDN1 expression, potentially serving as a novel therapeutic target for BPD. This study not only advances our understanding of the role of lipids in BPD pathogenesis, but also highlights the significance of PC (16:0/14:0) in the prevention and treatment of BPD, offering new avenues for future research and therapeutic development.

Demographic characteristics and risk factors for invasive fungal sinusitis in the context of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) patients with Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched from database inception to August 2023 using the combination of medical searching heading terms "invasive fungal sinusitis" and "COVID-19" and their free words. The research protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023467175). RESULTS: A total of 53 studies were included. The mean age of IFS patients with COVID-19 was 53.72 (95% credible interval [CI]: 51.08, 56.36), with 66% males (95% CI: 0.62, 0.70), and 81% diabetes (95% CI: 0.77, 0.86). The mean time from COVID-19 diagnosis to IFS onset was 19.09 days (95% CI: 16.96, 21.22). The percentage of patients with COVID-19 PCR positivity was 33% (95% CI: 0.21, 0.45). Overall, 71% of patients receiving steroid therapy during COVID-19 infection (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78). The odds ratio of diabetes mellitus, steroid administration, and COVID-19 PCR positivity were 6.09, 2.21, and 1.82, respectively. COVID-19 infection did not affect the IFS stage. CONCLUSION: IFS patients with COVID-19 had an average age of 53.72 years and were predominantly males, with a mean interval of 19.09 days from COVID-19 diagnosis to IFS onset. Diabetes, steroid administration, and COVID-19 PCR positivity were risk factors.

Colorful multi-plane augmented reality display with dynamically tunable reflective Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens.

Reflective cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens (PBL) devices have attracted significant attention in augmented reality (AR) display due to their wide spectral and angular response bandwidths, high diffraction efficiency, and polarization selectivity. However, currently reported CLC reflective PBLs are either limited by monochrome display or suffers from complicated design for colorful display. Herein, we demonstrate a colorful multi-plane AR display system with dynamically tunable reflective PBL. The reflective PBL is fabricated by polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) that provides dynamical and continuous tunability of color and focal length by direct current (DC) voltage. A proof-of-concept colorful multi-plane AR device is demonstrated, where over 90% diffraction efficiency at desired wavelength has been obtained. The proposed simple, compact, and light AR display system capable of color-imaging with multi-depth shows great application potential in the vehicle-mounted head-up display (HUD).

Efficacy of home phototherapy versus inpatient phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Home phototherapy (HPT) remains a contentious alternative to inpatient phototherapy (IPT) for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. To guide evidence-based clinical decision-making, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies and assessed the comparative risks and benefits of HPT and IPT. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trial Registry Platform trial were searched from inception until June 2, 2023. We included RCTs and cohort studies and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The outcome measures were phototherapy duration, daily bilirubin level reduction, exchange transfusion, hospital readmission, parental stress scale, and complications. We used fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis models, assessed heterogeneity (I2), conducted subgroup analyses, evaluated publication bias, and graded evidence quality. RESULTS: Nine studies (998 patients) were included (four RCTs, five cohort studies). HPT was associated with longer phototherapy duration (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.06-1.04, P = 0.03). Cohort study subgroup analysis yielded consistent results (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.11, P < 0.001, I2 = 39%); the RCTs were not significantly different (SMD = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.08, P = 0.54, I2 = 0%). Hospital readmission was higher with HPT (RR = 4.61; 95% CI: 1.43-14.86, P = 0.01). Daily bilirubin reduction (WMD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.44, P = 0.68) or complications were not significantly different (RR = 2.29; 95% CI: 0.31-16.60, P = 0.41). The evidence quality was very low. HPT was associated with lower parental stress (SMD = -0.44, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.16, P = 0.002). None of three included studies reported exchange transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence does not strongly support HPT efficacy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, as high-quality data on long-term outcomes are scarce. Future research should prioritize well-designed, large-scale, high-quality RCTs to comprehensively assess HPT risks and benefits.

Clinical Significance of HMGB1 and Autophagy-Related Genes in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma.

OBJECTIVES: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a noncancerous tumor that develops in the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses. Many malignancies are tightly linked to autophagy, an intracellular self-degradation mechanism. HMGB1 has demonstrated its ability to modulate autophagy in many pathological conditions. This work investigates how HMGB1 and other genes involved in autophagy contribute to SNIP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 45 patients with SNIP and a control group consisting of 28 individuals. In each group, qPCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression levels of genes correlated with autophagy and HMGB1. HMGB1 and genes associated with autophagy were examined for protein expression levels via Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining assays. At the same time, the association between HMGB1 and genes involved in autophagy was discovered through correlation analysis. Furthermore, Krouse staging was utilized for investigating the expression levels of HMGB1 and other autophagy-related genes at various stages in clinically staged SNIP patients. RESULTS: LC3B, ATG5, and Beclin1 autophagy-related genes and HMGB1 were substantially expressed in SNIP. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between HMGB1 and these genes. During various phases of SNIP, the levels of HMGB1 expression and autophagy-related genes were notably elevated at stage T4 compared with stage T2. CONCLUSION: Clinical staging in SNIP is correlated with HMGB1 expression in conjunction with autophagy-related genes LC3B, ATG5, and Beclin1, suggesting the possibility of novel prognostic indicators. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2024.

A review of the effects of fermentation on the structure, properties, and application of cereal starch in foods.

Fermentation is one of the oldest food processing techniques known to humans and cereal fermentation is still widely used to create many types of foods and beverages. Starch is a major component of cereals and the changes in its structure and function during fermentation are of great importance for scientific research and industrial applications. This review summarizes the preparation of fermented cereals and the effects of fermentation on the structure, properties, and application of cereal starch in foods. The most important factors influencing cereal fermentation are pretreatment, starter culture, and fermentation conditions. Fermentation preferentially hydrolyzes the amorphous regions of starch and fermented starches have a coarser appearance and a smaller molecular weight. In addition, fermentation increases the starch gelatinization temperature and enthalpy and reduces the setback viscosity. This means that fermentation leads to a more stable and retrogradation-resistant structure, which could expand its application in products prone to staling during storage. Furthermore, fermented cereals have potential health benefits. This review may have important implications for the modulation of the quality and nutritional value of starch-based foods through fermentation.

Quality improvement in the golden hour for premature infants: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evidence-based research has shown that golden hour quality improvement (QI) measures can improve the quality of care and reduce serious complications of premature infants. Herein, we sought to review golden hour QI studies to evaluate the impact on the outcome of preterm infants. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases from inception to April 03, 2023. Only studies describing QI interventions in the golden hour of preterm infants were included. Outcomes were summarized and qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Ten studies were eligible for inclusion. All studies were from single centers, of which nine were conducted in the USA and one in Israel. Seven were pre-post comparative studies and three were observational studies. Most included studies were of medium quality (80%). The most common primary outcome was admission temperatures and glucose. Five studies (n = 2308) reported improvements in the admission temperature and three studies (n = 2052) reported improvements in hypoglycemia after QI. Four studies (n = 907) showed that the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower in preterm infants after QI: 106/408 (26.0%) vs. 122/424(29.5%) [OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.97, p = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the golden hour QI bundle can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants. There was considerable heterogeneity and deficiencies in the included studies, and the variation in impact on outcomes suggests the need to use standardized and validated measures. Future studies are needed to develop locally appropriate, high-quality, and replicable QI projects.

Reduced Proliferative Capacity and Defense against Staphylococcus aureus in Human Nasal Mucosal Epithelium Lacking ZNF365.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nose characterized by barrier disruption and environmental susceptibility, and the deletion of ZNF365 may be a factor inducing these manifestations. However, there is no study on the mechanism of action between CRSwNP and ZNF365. Therefore, this study focuses on the effect of the zinc finger protein ZNF365 on the proliferation of nasal mucosal epithelial cells and their defense against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to verify the changes of ZNF365 expression in nasal polyp tissues and control tissues, as well as in primary epithelial cells. ZNF365 was knocked down in human nasal mucosa epithelial cell line (HNEpc), and the proliferation, migration, and transdifferentiation of epithelium were observed by immunofluorescence, QPCR, CCK8, and cell scratch assay. The changes of mesenchymal markers and TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB pathway were also observed after the addition of S. aureus. RESULTS: ZNF365 expression was reduced in NP tissues and primary nasal mucosal epithelial cells compared to controls. Knockdown of ZNF365 in HNEpc resulted in decreased proliferation and migration ability of epithelial cells and abnormal epithelial differentiation (decreased expression of tight junction proteins). S. aureus stimulation further inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and migration, while elevated markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammatory responses occurred. CONCLUSION: ZNF365 is instrumental in maintaining the proliferative capacity of nasal mucosal epithelial cells and defending against the invasion of S. aureus. The findings suggest that ZNF365 may participate in the development of CRSwNP.

Identification of Pyroptosis-Related Genes Regulating the Progression of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an immunologic disease, and pyroptosis, an inflammation-based cellular death, strictly modulates CRSwNP pathology, whereas the pyroptosis genes and mechanisms involved in CRSwNP remain unclear. Herein, we explored disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for pyroptosis and immune regulation in CRSwNP using bioinformatics analysis and tissue-based verification. METHODS: We retrieved the transcriptional profiles of the high-throughput dataset GSE136825 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, as well as 170 pyroptosis-related gene expressions from GeneCards. Using R, we identified differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes and examined the potential biological functions of the aforementioned genes using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genome pathway, immune infiltration, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, thereby generating a list of hub genes. The hub genes were, in turn, verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting (WB). Ultimately, using the StarBase and miRTarBase databases, we estimated the targeting microRNAs and long chain non-coding RNAs. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the identified pyroptosis-related genes primarily modulated bacterial defense activities, as well as inflammasome immune response and assembly. Moreover, they were intricately linked to neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, we validated the tissue contents of hub genes AIM2, NLPR6, and CASP5 and examined potential associations with clinical variables. We also developed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) modulatory axis to examine possible underlying molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSION: We found AIM2, CASP5, and NLRP6, three hub genes for pyroptosis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, by biological analysis, experimental validation, and clinical variable validation.

Study of PARP inhibitors for breast cancer based on enhanced multiple kernel function SVR with PSO.

PARP1 is one of six enzymes required for the highly error-prone DNA repair pathway microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and needs to be inhibited when over-expressed. In order to study the PARP1 inhibitory effect of fused tetracyclic or pentacyclic dihydrodiazepinoindolone derivatives (FTPDDs) by quantitative structure-activity relationship technique, six models were established by four kinds of methods, heuristic method, gene expression programming, random forester, and support vector regression with single, double, and triple kernel function respectively. The single, double, and triple kernel functions were RBF kernel function, the integration of RBF and polynomial kernel functions, and the integration of RBF, polynomial, and linear kernel functions respectively. The problem of multi-parameter optimization introduced in the support vector regression model was solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Among the models, the model established by support vector regression with triple kernel function, in which the optimal R 2 and RMSE of training set and test set were 0.9353, 0.9348 and 0.0157, 0.0288, and R2 cv of training set and test set were 0.9090 and 0.8971, shows the strongest prediction ability and robustness. The method of support vector regression with triple kernel function is a great promotion in the field of quantitative structure-activity relationship, which will contribute a lot to designing and screening new drug molecules. The information contained in the model can provide important factors that guide drug design. Based on these factors, six new FTPDDs have been designed. Using molecular docking experiments to determine the properties of new derivatives, the new drug was ultimately successfully designed.

The nasal and systemic inflammatory responses in early phase of acute radiation rhinosinusitis: A pilot study.

KEY POINTS: Disease severity in acute radiation rhinosinusitis (ARRS) peaks after radiation therapy. ARRS is mainly local inflammation, manifested by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intranasal corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of ARRS.

Predicting 3-month Functional Outcome After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Anterior Circulation Occlusion with an Arterial Transit Artifact Grading System.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between arterial transit artifact (ATA), arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging, and the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to occlusion of large vessels in anterior circulation after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). METHODS: Patients with anterior circulation occlusion treated with EVT between October 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study, and ATA was quantified by a 4-point scale. A favorable outcome was defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-2 at 3 months. To identify independent predictors of favorable outcome, age, sex, risk factors, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, site of occlusion, cause of stroke, and early reperfusion were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Predictive accuracy was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the model. RESULTS: In this study 187 patients (age, 65.0 ± 12.5 years; men, 55%) were evaluated. Younger age (odds ratio, OR, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.92-0.98, p = 0.002), lower baseline NIHSS score (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.94, p < 0.001), and lower ATA score (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22, p < 0.001) were independently associated with favorable outcomes in multivariate analysis. The ATA score has moderate to good accuracy in predicting favorable outcomes (AUC, 0.753). CONCLUSION: A high ATA score as a potential predictor, can help identify patients who may benefit from EVT.

Ultrabright Acrylic Polymers with Tunable Fluorescence Enabled by Imprisoning Single TICT Probe.

Bright and colorful fluorescent polymers are ideal materials for a variety of applications. Although polymers could be made fluorescent by physical doping or chemical binding of fluorescent units, it is a great challenge to get colorful and highly emissive polymers with a single fluorophore. Here the development of a general and facile method to synthesize ultrabright and colorful polymers using a single twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) probe is reported. By incorporating polymerizable, highly fluorescent, and environmental sensitive TICT probe, a series of colorful acrylic polymers (emission from 481 to 543 nm) with almost 100% fluorescence quantum yields are prepared. Like the solvatochromic effect, functional groups within side chains of acrylic polymers (including alkyl chain, tetrahydrofurfuryl group, and hydroxyl group) provide varied environmental polarity for the incorporated fluorophore, resulting in a series of colorful polymeric materials. Benefiting from the excellent photophysical properties, the polymers show great potential in encryption, cultural relics protection, white light-emitting diode bulb making, and fingerprint identification.