Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements and clinical symptoms in prediabetes: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes mellitus (PDM) and impaired glucose regulation precedes diabetes and serve as early warning signals. A 2018 Chinese epidemiological survey reported prediabetes at 25.5% prevalence and type 2 diabetes at 10.8%, respectively. Untreated carries one-third of the risk of diabetes progression. This study aimed to understand traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in PDM to guide clinical practice and diabetes prevention. METHODS: We systematically searched the Chinese and English literature in PubMed, EMBASE, Sinomed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang until March 31, 2023. We manually explored the Chinese prediabetes literature, trial registrations, and references, adhering to predefined criteria. The results were independently summarized by 2 researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using EXCEL, IBM SPSS 27.0, and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, with data mining techniques including association and cluster analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of 23 clinical trials (8943 patients) identified phlegm dampness syndrome as predominant, with qi deficiency, dampness, and phlegm as the principal pathogenic elements. Spleen syndrome elements dominated, with a priori correlation analysis favoring spleen dampness. The prevalent PDM clinical symptoms include amnesia, mental fatigue, limb fatigue, dizziness, and lumbar discomfort. CONCLUSION: Prediabetes is strongly associated with spleen dampness, highlighting its role. Common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements include qi deficiency, phlegm, and dampness. Clinical diagnosis and treatment should prioritize syndrome differentiation and emphasize spleen-focused approaches. Although limited research exists on prediabetes syndromes, further exploration of PDM and spleen dampness is crucial.

Real-world community hospital hyperglycemia management in noncritically ill, type 2 diabetic patients: a comparison between basal-bolus insulin and correctional insulin.

Purpose: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of two insulin regimens for inpatient hyperglycemia management: combination short-plus long-acting insulin (basal-bolus insulin regimen, BBIR) vs. short-acting insulin only (correctional insulin only regimen, CIOR). Methods: Chart reviews identified noncritically ill patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin injections. Study participants (N = 138) were divided into BBIR (N = 104) and CIOR (N = 34) groups. Data for the entire duration of each patient's stay were analyzed. Results: The primary outcome of percent hyperglycemic days was higher in BBIR vs. CIOR (3.97 ± 0.33% vs. 1.22 ± 0.38%). The safety outcome of percent hypoglycemic events was not different between BBIR and CIOR (0.78 ± 0.22% vs. 0.53 ± 0.37%). Regarding secondary outcomes, the percentage of euglycemic days was lower in BBIR vs. CIOR (26.74 ± 2.97% vs. 40.98 ± 5.91%). Overall blood glucose (BG) and daily insulin dose were higher in BBIR vs. CIOR (231.43 ± 5.37 vs. 195.55 ± 6.25 mg/dL and 41.36 ± 3.07 vs. 5.02 ± 0.68 units, respectively). Insulin regimen-associated differences in hyperglycemia and daily insulin dose persisted after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Our observations linking BBIR to worse glycemic outcomes differ from those reported in the randomized controlled Rabbit 2 and Rabbit 2 Surgery trials. This discrepancy can be partly explained by the fact that BBIR patients displayed worse glycemic baselines. Also, there was no diabetes stewardship team to monitor BG and modify insulin therapy, which is relevant since achieving euglycemia in BBIR patients requires more dose adjustments. This study highlights challenges with standard inpatient glycemic management and calls for further research assessing the benefits of pharmacist-led diabetes stewardship.

Diagnosis of cervical lymphoma using a YOLO-v7-based model with transfer learning.

To investigate the ability of an auxiliary diagnostic model based on the YOLO-v7-based model in the classification of cervical lymphadenopathy images and compare its performance against qualitative visual evaluation by experienced radiologists. Three types of lymph nodes were sampled randomly but not uniformly. The dataset was randomly divided into for training, validation, and testing. The model was constructed with PyTorch. It was trained and weighting parameters were tuned on the validation set. Diagnostic performance was compared with that of the radiologists on the testing set. The mAP of the model was 96.4% at the 50% intersection-over-union threshold. The accuracy values of it were 0.962 for benign lymph nodes, 0.982 for lymphomas, and 0.960 for metastatic lymph nodes. The precision values of it were 0.928 for benign lymph nodes, 0.975 for lymphomas, and 0.927 for metastatic lymph nodes. The accuracy values of radiologists were 0.659 for benign lymph nodes, 0.836 for lymphomas, and 0.580 for metastatic lymph nodes. The precision values of radiologists were 0.478 for benign lymph nodes, 0.329 for lymphomas, and 0.596 for metastatic lymph nodes. The model effectively classifies lymphadenopathies from ultrasound images and outperforms qualitative visual evaluation by experienced radiologists in differential diagnosis.

Morphological Transformation and Surface Engineering of Glycovesicles Driven by Bioinspired Hydrogen Bonds of Nucleobases.

Glycopolymer-based supramolecular glycoassemblies with signal-driven cascade morphological deformation and accessible surface engineering toward bioinspired functional glycomaterials have attracted much attention due to their diverse applications in fundamental and practical scenarios. Herein, we achieved the cascade morphological transformation and surface engineering of a nucleobase-containing polymeric glycovesicle through exploiting the bioinspired complementary multiple hydrogen bonds of complementary nucleobases. First, the synthesized thymine-containing glycopolymers (PGal30-b-PTAm249) are capable of self-assembling into well-defined glycovesicles. Several kinds of amphiphilic adenine-containing block copolymers with neutral, positive, and negative charges were synthesized to engineer the glycovesicles through the multiple hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine. A cascade of morphological transformations from vesicles to ruptured vesicles with tails, to worm-like micelles, and finally to spherical micelles were observed via continuously adding the adenine-containing polymer into the thymine-containing glycovesicles. Furthermore, the surface charge properties of these glyconano-objects can be facilely regulated through incorporating various adenine-containing polymers. This work demonstrates the potential application of a unique bioinspired approach to precisely engineer the morphology and surface properties of glycovesicles for boosting their biological applications.

Dissolved organic matter, calcium ion and extracellular polymeric substances on living associated bacteria of Microcystis colony are crucial for unicellular Microcystis to efficiently form colonies.

Microcystis typically forms colonies under natural conditions, which contributes to occurrence and prevalence of algal blooms. The colonies consist of Microcystis and associated bacteria (AB), embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Previous studies indicate that AB can induce Microcystis to form colonies, however the efficiency is generally low and results in a uniform morphotype. In this study, by using filtrated natural water, several AB strains induced unicellular M. aeruginosa to form colonies resembling several Microcystis morphotypes. The mechanisms were investigated with Methylobacterium sp. Z5. Ca2+ was necessary for Z5 to induce Microcystis to form colonies, while dissolved organic matters (DOM) facilitated AB to agglomerate Microcystis to form large colonies. EPS of living Z5, mainly the aromatic protein components, played a key role in colony induction. Z5 initially aggregated Microcystis via the bridging effects of Ca2+ and DOM, followed by the induction of EPS synthesis and secretion in Microcystis. In this process, the colony forming mode shifted from cell adhesion to a combination of cell adhesion and cell division. Intriguingly, Z5 drove the genomic rearrangement of Microcystis by upregulating some transposase genes. This study unveiled a novel mechanism about Microcystis colony formation and identified a new driver of Microcystis genomic evolution.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of bread wheat's wild relative Triticum timopheevii.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food crops with an urgent need for increase in its production to feed the growing world. Triticum timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28) is an allotetraploid wheat wild relative species containing the At and G genomes that has been exploited in many pre-breeding programmes for wheat improvement. In this study, we report the generation of a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of T. timopheevii accession PI 94760 based on PacBio HiFi reads and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The assembly comprised a total size of 9.35 Gb, featuring a contig N50 of 42.4 Mb and included the mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences. Genome annotation predicted 166,325 gene models including 70,365 genes with high confidence. DNA methylation analysis showed that the G genome had on average more methylated bases than the At genome. In summary, the T. timopheevii genome assembly provides a valuable resource for genome-informed discovery of agronomically important genes for food security.

Identification of hub genes distinguishing subtypes in endometrial stromal sarcoma through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Diagnosing low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS and HG-ESS) is a challenge. This study aimed to identify biomarkers. 22 ESS cases were analyzed using Illumina microarrays. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via Limma. DEGs were analyzed with String and Cytoscape. Core genes were enriched with GO and KEGG, their pan-cancer implications and immune aspects were studied. 413 DEGs were found by exome sequencing, 2174 by GSE85383 microarray. 36 common genes were identified by Venn analysis, and 10 core genes including RBFOX1, PCDH7, FAT1 were selected. Core gene GO enrichment included cell adhesion, T cell proliferation, and KEGG focused on related pathways. Expression was evaluated across 34 cancers, identifying immune DEGs IGF1 and AVPR1A. Identifying the DEGs not only helps improve our understanding of LG-ESS, HG-ESS but also promises to be potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis between LG-ESS and HG-ESS and new therapeutic targets.

Development, Validation, and Comparison of 2 Ultrasound Feature-Guided Machine Learning Models to Distinguish Cervical Lymphadenopathy.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to develop and validate the performance of 2 ultrasound (US) feature-guided machine learning models in distinguishing cervical lymphadenopathy. We enrolled 705 patients whose US characteristics of lymph nodes were collected at our hospital. B-mode US and color Doppler US features of cervical lymph nodes in both cohorts were analyzed by 2 radiologists. The decision tree and back propagation (BP) neural network were developed by combining clinical data (age, sex, and history of tumor) and US features. The performance of the 2 models was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), accuracy value, precision value, recall value, and balanced F score (F1 score). The AUC of the decision tree and BP model in the modeling cohort were 0.796 (0.757, 0.835) and 0.854 (0.756, 0.952), respectively. The AUC, accuracy value, precision value, recall value, and F1 score of the decision tree in the validation cohort were all higher than those of the BP model: 0.817 (0.786, 0.848) vs 0.674 (0.601, 0.747), 0.774 (0.737, 0.811) vs 0.702 (0.629, 0.775), 0.786 (0.739, 0.833) vs 0.644 (0.568, 0.720), 0.733 (0.694, 0.772) vs 0.630 (0.542, 0.718), and 0.750 (0.705, 0.795) vs 0.627 (0.541, 0.713), respectively. The US feature-guided decision tree model was more efficient in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy than the BP model.

Revealing the phosphate-solubilizing characteristics and mechanisms of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Agrobacterium deltaense C1.

AIMS: This study explores the phosphate (Pi)-solubilizing characteristics and mechanisms of a novel phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, Agrobacterium deltaense C1 (C1 hereafter). METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth-promoting effects of C1 were investigated by gnotobiotic experiments, and the Pi-solubilizing mechanism was revealed by extracellular metabolomics, liquid chromatography analysis, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that C1 significantly increased Arabidopsis biomass and total phosphorus (P) content under P deficiency. Under Ca3(PO4)2 condition, the presence of C1 resulted in a significant and negative correlation between available P content and medium pH changes, implying that Pi dissolution occurs through acid release. Metabolomics revealed C1's ability to release 99 organic acids, with gluconic acid (GA), citric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid contributing 64.86%, 9.58%, and 0.94%, respectively, to Pi solubilization. These acids were significantly induced by P deficiency. Moreover, C1's Pi solubilization may remain significant even in the presence of available P, as evidenced by substantial pH reduction and high gcd gene expression. Additionally, C1 produced over 10 plant growth-promoting substances. CONCLUSIONS: C1 dissolves Pi primarily by releasing GA, which enhances plant growth under P deficiency. Notably, its Pi solubilization effect is not significantly limited by available Pi.

Ultrasound combined with Ki-67 to construct the prognostic model for radioactive iodine therapy outcomes in Graves' disease patients.

The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic model for radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy outcome in patients with Graves' disease. We enrolled 127 patients. Information on RAI therapy, ultrasound indexes of thyroid, and other lifestyle factors was collected. The competing risk model was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for nonhealing or recurrence of hyperthyroidism (NHRH). The performance of the model was assessed by receiver operator characteristic analysis and the Brier score and internally validated by bootstrap resampling. Then, a nomogram was developed. Forty-one cases (32.2%) of NHRH were documented. Positive Ki-67 expression, a higher dose of per-unit thyroid volume, and females showed lower risks of NHRH (all P < 0.05). The HR values (95% CI) were 0.42 (0.23, 0.79), 0.01 (0.00, 0.02), and 0.47 (0.25, 0.89), respectively. The bootstrap validation showed that the model had the highest accuracy and good calibration for predicting cumulative risk of NHRH at 180 days after RAI therapy (AUC = 0.772; 95% CI: 0.640-0.889, Brier score = 0.153). By decision curve analysis, the nomogram was shown to have a satisfactory net benefit between thresholds of 0.20 and 0.40. Ki-67, ultrasound volumetry, and scintigraphy techniques can play important roles in evaluating RAI therapy outcome in Graves' disease patients. The prediction nomogram shows reasonable accuracy in predicting NHRH.

Structure-Controllable and Mass-Produced Glycopolymersomes as a Template of the Carbohydrate@Ag Nanobiohybrid with Inherent Antibacteria and Biofilm Eradication.

Glycopolymer-supported silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated a promising alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected diseases. In this contribution, we report a class of biohybrid glycopolymersome-supported AgNPs, which are capable of effectively killing multidrug-resistant bacteria and disrupting related biofilms. First of all, glycopolymersomes with controllable structures were massively fabricated through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in an aqueous solution driven by complementary hydrogen bonding interaction between the pyridine and amide groups of N-(2-methylpyridine)-acrylamide (MPA) monomers. Subsequently, Ag+ captured by glycopolymersomes through the coordination between pyridine-N and Ag+ was reduced into AgNPs stabilized by glycopolymersomes upon addition of the NaBH4 reducing agent, leading to the formation of the glycopolymersome@AgNPs biohybrid. As a result, they showed a wide-spectrum and enhanced removal of multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilms compared to naked AgNPs due to the easier adhesion onto the bacterial surface and diffusion into biofilms through the specific protein-carbohydrate recognition. Moreover, the in vivo results revealed that the obtained biohybrid glycopolymersomes not only demonstrated an effective treatment for inhibiting the cariogenic bacteria but also were able to repair the demineralization of caries via accumulating Ca2+ through the recognition between carbohydrates and Ca2+. Furthermore, glycopolymersomes@AgNPs showed quite low in vitro hemolysis and cytotoxicity and almost negligible acute toxicity in vivo. Overall, this type of biohybrid glycopolymersome@AgNPs nanomaterial provides a new avenue for enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and the effective treatment of oral microbial-infected diseases.

Product maturation and antibiotic resistance genes enrichment in food waste digestate and Chinese medicinal herbal residues co-composting.

The land application of food waste digestate (FWD) requires a composting process to improve its soil amendment performance and alleviate environmental risks. This study proposed co-composting of Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs) and FWD as a means to improve the maturation performance and investigated the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results demonstrated that CMHRs addition effectively accelerated the maturity of FWD composting to less than 35 days, remarkably removed its remaining antibiotics by 83.0% and promoted the formation of humification substances. However, both quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that a significant enrichment of ARGs and mobile genetic elements including frA1, tetX, blaTEM, InuB-01, aadA2-02 and IntI-1 was observed via the co-composting of FWD and CMHRs. These results indicated that the land application of products obtained from FWD and CMHRs co-composting is at risk of spreading ARGs, although the composting process could be significantly improved.

Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative-Catalyzed Cascade Decarboxylative Cyclization of 4-Iodoisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones with o-Bromobenzoic Acids: Access to Diverse Fused Phenanthridinones and Hepta[1,2-c]isoquinolinones.

A novel three-component Pd/norbornene cooperative catalysis cascade decarboxylative [2+2+2]/[2+2+3]cyclization of 4-iodoisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones and o-bromobenzoic acids or 8-bromo-1-naphthoic acid has been developed. The method affords a range of fused phenanthridinones and hepta[1,2-c]isoquinolinones and displays unique regioselectivity and broad substrate scope. Palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE)-catalyzed C-H activation and subsequent decarboxylative coupling reactions were involved, and NBE acts as a building block for the construction of rigid nonplanar molecular architectures.

Valorization of Biomass-Derived Polymers to Functional Biochar Materials for Supercapacitor Applications via Pyrolysis: Advances and Perspectives.

Polymers from biomass waste including plant/forest waste, biological industrial process waste, municipal solid waste, algae, and livestock are potential sources for renewable and sustainable resources. Converting biomass-derived polymers to functional biochar materials via pyrolysis is a mature and promising approach as these products can be widely utilized in many areas such as carbon sequestration, power production, environmental remediation, and energy storage. With abundant sources, low cost, and special features, the biochar derived from biological polymeric substances exhibits great potential to be an alternative electrode material of high-performance supercapacitors. To extend this scope of application, synthesis of high-quality biochar will be a key issue. This work systematically reviews the char formation mechanisms and technologies from polymeric substances in biomass waste and introduces energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors to provide overall insight into the biological polymer-based char material for electrochemical energy storage. Aiming to enhance the capacitance of biochar-derived supercapacitor, recent progress in biochar modification approaches including surface activation, doping, and recombination is also summarized. This review can provide guidance for valorizing biomass waste to functional biochar materials for supercapacitor to meet future needs.

Functional variant rs10175368 which affects the expression of CYP1B1 plays a protective role against breast cancer in a Chinese Han population.

OBJECTIVE: Cytochrome P450 1B1 ( CYP1B1 ) genetic variants are relevant in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Exploring the relationships between CYP1B1 functional variants and breast cancer could improve our understanding of breast cancer molecular pathophysiology. METHODS: This is a two-stage hospital-based case-control study of a Chinese Han population. Genotyping was performed to identify candidate gene variants. 3DSNP, ANNOVAR, and RegulomeDB were used to determine functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The relationship between candidate variants and breast cancer risk was evaluated through unconditional logistic regression analysis. The PancanQTL platform was used to perform cis and trans expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis of positive SNPs. The GSCA platform was then used to compare the gene expression levels of potential target genes between breast cancer tissue and normal tissue adjacent to the cancer. RESULTS: rs10175368-T acted as a protective factor against breast cancer based on an additive model [odds ratio (OR) = 0.722, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.613-0.850; P < 0.001], and was identified as a protective factor in the postmenopausal population (OR = 0.601; 95% CI, 0.474-0.764; P < 0.001). eQTL analysis and analysis of differential expression in carcinoma and paracancerous tissues revealed that the expression level of CYP1B1 - AS1 was associated with rs10175368 and that CYP1B1-AS1 had significantly higher expression levels in breast cancer tissues than in paracancerous tissues. CONCLUSION: We show, for the first time in a Chinese Han population, that the functional variant rs10175368 plays a protective role against breast cancer, especially in the postmenopausal population.

Novel Synthesis of Dihydroisoxazoles by p-TsOH-Participated 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Dipolarophiles withα-Nitroketones.

This article reports in detail a method for the synthesis of 3-benzoxoxazoline by the reaction of alkenes (alkynes) and a variety of α-nitroketones in the presence of p-TsOH. The scope of alkenes is broad, including different alkenes and the alkyne. This reaction provides a convenient and efficient synthetic method of 3-benzoylisoxazolines.

Organic Carbon Controls Mercury Distribution and Storage in the Surface Soils of the Water-Level-Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China.

The particular condition of the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the largest hydroelectric reservoir in China, raises great concerns about mercury (Hg) contamination and ecological risk. In addition, previous research found that soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in controlling Hg distribution and speciation. However, there is minimal information on the Hg storage distribution and their relationships with SOC in the WLFZ in TGR. This study investigated Hg distribution, storage, and their relationships with SOC in the surface soils in WLFZ. The results showed that the total Hg (THg) content in the surface soils ranged from 18.40 to 218.50 ng g-1, with an average value of 78.17 ± 41.92 ng g-1. About 89% of samples had THg content above the background value in Chongqing, showing specific enrichment of Hg in WLFZ due to contamination in the TGR. The surface soils have low SOC, with an average value of 8.10 ± 3.90 g kg-1. Moreover, THg content showed consistent distribution with the SOC in WLFZ, with a significantly positive correlation (R = 0.52, p < 0.01, n = 242). THg storage (201.82 ± 103.46 g ha-1) in the surface soils was also significantly positively correlated with the SOC storage (R = 0.47, p < 0.01, n = 242). The reduced SOC sequestration, due to the periodical alternative "flooding-draining" and frequent reclamation and utilization of WLFZ, decreased the Hg adsorption in soil. Those might result in the re-release of Hg into waters when WLFZ is flooded. Therefore, more attention should be directed towards Hg cycling and the consequent environmental risks in the TGR region.

Are risk-need-responsivity principles golden? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of community correction programs.

Objectives: Using meta-analysis to determine the effect size of the recidivism rate of participants in community correction programs that are conducted entirely in community settings. Methods: Following the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), 25 qualified studies contributed 35 independent effect sizes. Results: Full participation in a program significantly reduced the recidivism rate. Participant age was a significant moderator of heterogeneity. Those aged over 18 have lower recidivism rates. Interventions that fully follow the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) design principles achieved similar results to those that did not. Recidivism rates increase more than 12 months after the program ends. Conclusions: The effectiveness of community correctional programs varies depending on the participant's age. The RNR principles are not golden. The above factors should be carefully considered when conducting intervention design in the future. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the literature's high heterogeneity and low quality. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11292-022-09550-w.

Efficient removal of heavy metals by endophytic bacteria Staphylococcus succinus H3.

AIMS: Heavy metal pollution is a serious and difficult environmental problem. With increasing heavy metal content in industrial wastewater, an environmentally friendly and efficient treatment method must be identified. METHODS AND RESULTS: Considering the ability of endophytic bacteria to adsorb metal ions, this paper explored the heavy metal resistance, adsorption, and adsorption mechanisms and performance of S. succinus H3, an endophytic bacterium. S. succinus H3 exhibited metal resistance at 4 mM Cu2+ and 5 mM Mg2+. The adsorption rate of Cu2+ and Mg2+ ions by the live/dead strain was approximately 70%, and the adsorption capacity was positively correlated with the metal ion concentration. The kinetics and isothermal models were used to study the process of S. succinus H3 adsorption on Cu2+. It exhibits a good correlation with the Freundlich isothermal model. The N-H group, protein C=O group, polysaccharide C-O group, O-H group and some lipids are the main functional groups in the cell wall. S. succinus H3 may bond with the amine group to adsorb Mg2+ through complexation/coordination and may form a copper complex after adsorbing Cu2+. S. succinus H3 has a live adsorption rate of 15% in eight mixed metal ion systems at a 50 mg/L concentration. The study results can lay a foundation for expanding the bacterial resource pool of pollutant treatment and improving the efficiency for sewage treatment. The high heavy metal adsorption capacity of microorganisms has a decisive role in industrial wastewater treatment by microorganisms. Such microorganisms with high metal resistance and adsorption capacity to heavy metals can thrive in industrial wastewater, remove heavy metals efficiently, and greatly improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment. CONCLUSION: The study results can lay a theoretical foundation for the use of S. succinus H3 to biologically treat heavy metal wastewater in the future.

Whole-genome sequencing uncovers the structural and transcriptomic landscape of hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines.

Wheat is a globally vital crop, but its limited genetic variation creates a challenge for breeders aiming to maintain or accelerate agricultural improvements over time. Introducing novel genes and alleles from wheat's wild relatives into the wheat breeding pool via introgression lines is an important component of overcoming this low variation but is constrained by poor genomic resolution and limited understanding of the genomic impact of introgression breeding programmes. By sequencing 17 hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines and the parent lines, we have precisely pinpointed the borders of introgressed segments, most of which occur within genes. We report a genome assembly and annotation of Am. muticum that has facilitated the identification of Am. muticum resistance genes commonly introgressed in lines resistant to stripe rust. Our analysis has identified an abundance of structural disruption and homoeologous pairing across the introgression lines, likely caused by the suppressed Ph1 locus. mRNAseq analysis of six of these introgression lines revealed that novel introgressed genes are rarely expressed and those that directly replace a wheat orthologue have a tendency towards downregulation, with no discernible compensation in the expression of homoeologous copies. This study explores the genomic impact of introgression breeding and provides a schematic that can be followed to characterize introgression lines and identify segments and candidate genes underlying the phenotype. This will facilitate more effective utilization of introgression pre-breeding material in wheat breeding programmes.