Decoding the bitter taste of Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels fruit: Bitterness contribution and mechanisms.

To comprehensively explore the contribution and mechanisms of identified low-threshold bitter substances in Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels (I. vestita) fruit, we performed quantification and elucidated their interactions with main bitter taste receptors through molecular docking. The established method for quantifying bitter compounds in I. vestita fruit was validated, yielding satisfactory parameters for linearity, stability, and accuracy. Idescarpin (17.71-101.05 mg/g) and idesin (7.88-77.14 mg/g) were the predominant bitter compounds in terms of content. Taste activity values (TAVs) exceeded 10 for the bitter substances, affirming their pivotal role as major contributors to overall bitterness of I. vestita fruit. Notably, idescarpin with the highest TAV, played a crucial role in generating the bitterness of I. vestita fruit. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces. This study holds potential implications for industrial development of I. vestita fruit by providing novel insights into the mechanism underlying its bitterness formation.

The distribution and key influential factors of antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural soils polluted by multiple heavy metals.

Due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, several agricultural soils are polluted by multiple heavy metals. However, it is still unclear whether multiple heavy metals could affect the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and how metals affect ARGs. To understand ARGs' distribution in heavy metal-polluted soils, we chose soils contaminated by different types and contents of heavy metals to determine the ARGs' number and abundance through high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (HT-qPCR) in this study. Additionally, the factors affecting ARGs' distribution, such as soil properties, mobile genetic genes (MGEs), and bacterial communities, were explored. The results demonstrated that the sampled soils were primarily contaminated by Cd, As, Pb, and Zn, and the pollution load index (PLI) values of these metals ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, indicating a low to moderate degree of heavy metal contamination. The number and abundance of ARGs ranged from 44 to 113 and from 2.74 × 107 copies/g to 1.07 × 108 copies/g, respectively. Besides, abundant MGEs in soils, ranging from 1.84 × 106 copies/g to 5.82 × 106 copies/g, were observed. The pathway analysis suggested that MGEs were the most important factor directly affecting ARG abundance (0.89). Notably, heavy metals also affected the ARG abundance. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, the main heavy metal tolerant bacteria, were found to be the main hosts of ARGs through network analysis. ARG-carrying pathogens (ACPs) in agricultural soils were found to carry MGEs, indicating a high risk of dissemination. This study provided important information for understanding the ARGs' fate and also the key factors affecting ARGs' spread in multiple heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Catalytic mechanisms for As(III) oxidation by H2O2 over TiO2 surfaces, and effects of support, vacancy and photoirradiation.

As(III) is much more toxic than As(V) while shows apparently lower affinity at minerals surfaces. Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by H2O2 over anatase surface provides an attractive avenue for pollution control, and the chemocatalytic and photocatalytic mechanisms are unraveled by means of the DFT + D3 approach. Impacts of anatase as support, O2c/O3c vacancy, photoirradiation are addressed as well. As(III) oxidation under various reaction conditions leads to As(V) through dual electron transfers, while energy barriers differ substantially and decline as 1.80 (direct oxidation) > 1.35 (anatase as support) > 1.24 (O3c vacancy) > 0.50 (chemocatalysis) > 0.28 (photocatalysis) ≥ 0.26 (O2c vacancy) eV. Anatase as support promotes the reaction through bonding with H2O2/As(OH)3 and electron transfers, and its close participation during chemocatalysis produces the TiOOH active site that causes As(III) oxidation to proceed facilely under ambient circumstances. TiOOH exists in two forms (monodentate and bidentate mononuclear) and is critical for chemocatalysis, while its destruction for O3c vacancy exhibits strongly adverse effects to As(III) oxidation. Photoirradiation readily generates the OH• radicals, and corresponding mechanism is plausible while less preferred than the newly posed mechanism based on the Ti(H2O2) active site. Synergism among a number of surface atoms conduces to the superior activity for O2c vacancy and photocatalysis. Results provide a comprehensive understanding for As(III) oxidation to As(V) by H2O2, and facilitate catalysts design for As(III) oxidation that alleviates environmental pollution.

A Review of Fluoride Removal from Phosphorous Gypsum: A Quantitative Analysis via a Machine Learning Approach.

This review comprehensively explores fluoride removal from phosphogypsum, focusing on its composition, fluorine-containing compounds, characterization methods, and defluorination techniques. It initially outlines the elemental composition of phosphogypsum prevalent in major production regions and infers the presence of fluorine compounds based on these constituents. The study highlights X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a pivotal method for characterizing fluorine compounds, emphasizing its capability to determine precise binding energies essential for identifying various fluorine species. Additionally, the first-principle density functional theory (DFT) is employed to estimate binding energies of different fluorine-containing compounds. Significant correlations are observed between the total atomic energy of binary fluorides (e.g., of alkali metals, earth metals, and boron group metals) and XPS binding energies. However, for complex compounds like calcium fluorophosphate, correlations with the calculated average atomic total energy are less direct. The review categorizes defluorination methods applied to phosphogypsum as physical, chemical, thermal, and thermal-combined processes, respectively. It introduces neural network machine learning (ML) technology to quantitatively analyze and optimize reported defluorination strategies. Simulation results indicate potential optimizations based on quantitative analyses of process conditions reported in the literature. This review provides a systematic approach to understanding the phosphogypsum composition, fluorine speciation, analytical methodologies, and effective defluorination strategies. The attempts of adopting DFT simulation and quantitative analysis using ML in optimization underscore its potential and feasibility in advancing the industrial phosphogypsum defluorination process.

Eco-friendly hydrogel based on locust bean gum for water retaining in sandy soil.

Sandy soils are suffering from water loss and desertification, which severely restrict the development of local agriculture. In this work, an eco-friendly hydrogel composed of borax and locust bean gum was synthesized to enhance the water retention capacity of sandy soil and support agricultural development in arid regions. Locust bean gum/borax hydrogel with a 3D network structure exhibited great water-absorbing capacity (130.29 g/g) within 30 min. After mixing 0.9 wt% hydrogel with sandy soil, the maximum soil water content, water retention time, soil porosity and soil organic matter were increased by 32.03 %, 14 days, 38.9 % and 8.64 g/kg respectively. Little effect on soil microorganisms revealed barely toxicity. Furthermore, the hydrogel was confirmed to be biodegradable at 43.47 % after 4 weeks. According to the study, locust bean gum/borax hydrogel possesses good water absorbing capacity, soil water retention ability, soil optimization ability and low adverse environmental impact. Together, it is inferred that the hydrogel can improve the water retention capacity of sandy soil in arid areas, promoting plant growth in arid areas.

Methyl-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) Analysis Provides Insights into the DNA Methylation Changes Underlying Adaptation to Low Temperature of Brassica rapa L.

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation can change rapidly to regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes. Previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the cold resistance of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) after being domesticated in different selection environments; however, little is known about the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of its cold resistance formation. METHODS: Four winter rapeseed materials ('CT-2360', 'MXW-1', '2018-FJT', and 'DT-7') domesticated in different environments were selected to analyze the DNA methylation level and pattern changes under low temperature using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism technology with 60 primer pairs. RESULTS: A total of 18 pairs of primers with good polymorphism were screened, and 1426 clear bands were amplified, with 594 methylation sites, accounting for 41.65% of the total amplified bands. The total methylation ratios of the four materials were reduced after low-temperature treatment, in which the DNA methylation level of 'CT-2360' was higher than that of the other three materials; the analysis of methylation patterns revealed that the degree of demethylation was higher than that of methylation in 'MXW-1', '2018-FJT', and 'DT-7', which were 22.99%, 19.77%, and 24.35%, respectively, and that the methylation events in 'CT-2360' were predominantly dominant at 22.95%. Fifty-three polymorphic methylated DNA fragments were randomly selected and further analyzed, and twenty-nine of the cloned fragments were homologous to genes with known functions. The candidate genes VQ22 and LOC103871127 verified the existence of different expressive patterns before and after low-temperature treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our work implies the critical role of DNA methylation in the formation of cold resistance in winter rapeseed. These results provide a comprehensive insight into the adaptation epigenetic regulatory mechanism of Brassica rapa L. to low temperature, and the identified differentially methylated genes can also be used as important genetic resources for the multilateral breeding of winter-resistant varieties.

Synergistic Crystallization Modulation and Defects Passivation in Kesterite via Anion-Coordinate Precursor Engineering for Efficient Solar Cells.

It has been validated that enhancing crystallinity and passivating the deep-level defect are critical for improving the device performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Coordination chemistry interactions within the Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursor solution play a crucial role in the management of structural defects and the crystallization kinetics of CZTSSe thin films. Therefore, regulating the coordination environment of anion and cation in the precursor solution to control the formation process of precursor films is a major challenge at present. Herein, a synergetic crystallization modulation and defect passivation method is developed using P2S5 as an additive in the CZTS precursor solution to optimize the coordination structure and improve the crystallization process. The alignment of theoretical assessments with experimental observations confirms the ability of the P2S5 molecule to coordinate with the metal cation sites of CZTS precursor films, especially more liable to the Zn2+, effectively passivating the Zn-related defects, thereby significantly reducing the defect density in CZTSSe absorbers. As a result, the device with a power conversion efficiency of 14.36% has been achieved. This work provides an unprecedented strategy for fabricating high-quality thin films by anion-coordinate regulation and a novel route for realizing efficient CZTSSe solar cells.

Anti-fungal effects of lactic acid bacteria from pickles on the growth and sterigmatocystin production of Aspergillus versicolor.

Sterigmatocystin (STC) is an emerging mycotoxin that poses a significant threat to the food security of cereal crops. To mitigate STC contamination in maize, this study employed selected lactic acid bacteria as biocontrol agents against Aspergillus versicolor, evaluating their biocontrol potential and analyzing the underlying mechanisms. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJ10, isolated from pickle, exhibited substantial in vitro antifungal activity and passed safety assessments, including antibiotic resistance and hemolysis tests. In vivo experiments demonstrated that L. plantarum HJ10 significantly reduced the contents of A. versicolor and STC in maize (both >84 %). The impact of heat, enzymes, alkali, and other treatments on the antifungal activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) was investigated. Integrated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid are the key substances responsible for the in vitro antifungal activity of L. plantarum HJ10. These metabolites induced mold apoptosis by disrupting cell wall structure, increasing cell membrane fluidity, reducing enzyme activities, and disrupting energy metabolism. However, in vivo antagonism by L. plantarum HJ10 primarily occurs through organic acid production and competition for growth space and nutrients. This study highlights the potential of L. plantarum HJ10 in reducing A. versicolor and STC contamination in maize.

Associations between the keratinized mucosa width and the underlying alveolar bone dimensions at partial edentulous molar sites: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of hard and soft tissue at edentulous sites is important for subsequent implant treatment design. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and the underlying alveolar bone dimensions at partial edentulous molar sites. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 110 patients with at least one missing molar were selected. The buccal KMW of the edentulous molar sites was evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected, and the height discrepancy between the alveolar crest and the buccal bone plate (HC-B) as well as the alveolar bone height (ABH) were measured. The KMW was compared among the HC-B and ABH groups at both maxillary and mandibular sites. Linear regression and generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to explore the associations between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Among the 110 patients, 158 edentulous molar sites were analyzed. The average HC-B and ABH were significantly lower at the maxillary sites (1.26 ± 1.62 mm, 11.62 ± 3.94 mm) than at the mandibular sites (3.67 ± 2.85 mm, 14.91 ± 3.01 mm, p < 0.001). The KMW was significantly lower at sites with HC-B > 2 mm than at sites with HC-B ≤ 2 mm both in the maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the KMW at sites with ABH < 10 mm and sites with ABH ≥ 10 mm (p > 0.05). Linear regression and GEEs analyses revealed that the HC-B was significantly associated with the KMW (B = -0.339, p < 0.001), while the association between the KMW and the ABH was not statistically significant (B = -0.046, p = 0.352). CONCLUSIONS: The buccal KMW at edentulous molar sites was significantly associated with the HC-B. Alveolar ridges presenting with a sloped configuration were more prone to possess a narrower band of keratinized mucosa. Both hard and soft tissue augmentation should be considered for implant treatment at these sites. The correlations of dynamic changes between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions after tooth extraction should be further investigated.

Synergistically improve the strength and porosity of carbon paper by using a novel phenol formaldehyde resin modified with cellulose nanofiber for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

To optimize the imbalance between the interfacial bonding and porosity properties of carbon paper (CP) caused by phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) impregnation, and therefore improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), a new approach through cellulose nanofibers grafted with methyl methacrylate (CNFM) as a modified reinforcement and pore-forming agent for PF is investigated. Through suppressing the methylene backbone fracture of CNFM-modified PF during its thermal depolymerization, the interfacial bonding between PF matrix carbon and carbon fibers is enhanced. Compared with unmodified CP, the in-plane resistivity of CNFM-modified CP is reduced by 35.78 %, while the connected porosity increases to 82.26 %, and more homogeneous pore size distribution (PSD) in the range of 20-40 µm is obtained for CNFM-modified CP. Besides, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and air permeability of CNFM-modified CP increase by 72.78 %, 298.4 %, and 103.97 %, respectively. In addition, CNFM-modified CP achieves the peak power density of PEMFCs to 701.81 mW·cm-2, exhibiting 10.98 % improvement compared with commercial CP (632.39 mW·cm-2), evidently achieving an integral promotion of CP and comprehensive performance.

Hydroxylamine-induced activation of permanganate for enhanced oxidation of sulfamethoxazole: Mechanism and products.

Recently, many reagents have been introduced to accelerate the formation of highly reactive intermediate Mn species from permanganate (KMnO4), thereby improving the oxidation activity of KMnO4 towards pollutants. However, most studies have mainly focused on sulfur-containing reducing agents (e.g., bisulfite and sodium sulfite), with little attention paid to nitrogen-containing reducing agents. This study found that hydroxylamine (HA) and hydroxylamine derivatives (HAs) can facilitate KMnO4 in pollutant removal. Taking sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a target contaminant, the effect of pH, SMX concentration, KMnO4 and HA dosages, and the molar ratio of HA and KMnO4 on the degradation of SMX in the KMnO4/HA process was systematically investigated. Quenching experiments and probe analysis revealed MnO2-catalyzed KMnO4 oxidation, Mn(III) and reactive nitrogen species as the primary active species responsible for SMX oxidation in the KMnO4/HA system. Proposed transformation pathways of SMX in the KMnO4/HA system mainly involve hydroxylation and cleavage reactions. The KMnO4/HA system was more conducive to selective oxidation of SMX, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and several other pollutants, but reluctant to bisphenol S (BPS). Overall, this study proposed an effective system for eliminating pollutants, while providing mechanistic insight into HA-driven KMnO4 activation for environmental remediation.

Is it high time to leave the chronic disease care of rural older people to village doctors in China: Insights from a population-based atrial fibrillation screening study.

OBJECTIVE: No study has systematically investigated the quality of long-term care delivered to the rural older people with chronic diseases, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) in China. This study aims to provide contemporary data on the prevalence and awareness of AF among the older population in rural China and to evaluate healthcare knowledge and delivery by village doctors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Rural villages in Daqiao and Xiaoji towns of Jiangsu Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: Rural population aged ≥65 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: AF was identified using 12-lead electrocardiography in the first-step (government-led health examination) and single-lead electrocardiography in the second-step (in-house AF screening). Questionnaire surveys were designed for the AF patients and their village doctors. RESULTS: Among 31,342 permanent residents, 12,630 (40.3 %) declined, 7,956 (25.3 %) participated in the first-step and 10,756 (34.3 %) in the second-step. The overall AF detection rate was 4.3 % (810/18,712). Of the 810 AF patients (mean age 76.1±5.9 years; 51.4 % female), 51.5 % were illiterate, only 2.6 % could use smartphone applications, and 8.1 % lived with their children. Common risk factors were older age, men, hypertension, diabetes, prior stroke, vascular disease, and congestive heart failure. Among the 402 patients with known AF, 367 were at high risk of stroke and 10.9 % (40/367) were anticoagulated. Only 17.6 % patients with known hypertension had blood pressure level <140/90 mmHg, and 6.0 % with known diabetes had a fasting blood glucose level ≤6.1 mmol/L. Only 7.3 % (9/122) village doctors reported having the knowledge of integrated care AF management. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified AF in 4.3 %, but AF management was suboptimal in rural China. The current village doctor-dominant rural healthcare system is far from delivering standardized AF management for older patients in rural China. There is an urgent need to empower the village doctors in optimising the care of AF patients.

A Novel Adversarial Deep Learning Method for Substation Defect Image Generation.

The presence of defects in substation equipment is a major factor affecting the safety of power transmission. Therefore, timely and accurate detection of these defects is crucial. As intelligent inspection robots advance, using mainstream object detection models to diagnose surface defects in substation equipment has become a focal point of current research. However, the lack of defect image data is one of the main factors affecting the accuracy of supervised deep learning-based defect detection models. To address the issue of insufficient training data for defect images with complex backgrounds, such as rust and surface oil leakage in substation equipment, which leads to the poor performance of detection models, this paper proposes a novel adversarial deep learning model for substation defect image generation: the Abnormal Defect Detection Generative Adversarial Network (ADD-GAN). Unlike existing generative adversarial networks, this model generates defect images based on effectively segmented local areas of substation equipment images, avoiding image distortion caused by global style changes. Additionally, the model uses a joint discriminator for both overall images and defect images to address the issue of low attention to local defect areas, thereby reducing the loss of image features. This approach enhances the overall quality of generated images as well as locally generated defect images, ultimately improving image realism. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOV7 object detection model trained on the dataset generated using the ADD-GAN method achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 81.5% on the test dataset, and outperforms other image data augmentation and generation methods. This confirms that the ADD-GAN method can generate a high-fidelity image dataset of substation equipment defects.

Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1: Novel Biomarker and Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatic Cancer.

Aim: This article aimed to find appropriate pancreatic cancer (PC) patients to treat with Gemcitabine with better survival outcomes by detecting hENT1 levels. Methods: We collected surgical pathological tissues from PC patients who received radical surgery in our hospital from September 2004 to December 2014. A total of 375 PC tissues and paired adjacent nontumor tissues were employed for the construction of 4 tissue microarrays (TMAs). The quality of the 4 TMAs was examined by HE staining. We performed immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate hENT1 expression in the TMAs. Moreover, we detected hENT1 expression level and proved the role of hENT1 in cell proliferation, drug resistance, migration and invasion in vivo and vitro. Results: The results indicated that low hENT1 expression indicated a significantly poor outcome in PC patients, including shortened DFS (21.6±2.8 months versus 36.9±4.0 months, p<0.001) and OS (33.6±3.9 versus 39.6±3.9, p=0.004). Meanwhile, patients in stage I/II of TNM stage had a longer OS (40.2±3.4 versus 15.4±1.7, p=0.002) and DFS (31.0±3.1 versus 12.4±1.9, p=0.016) than patients in stage III/IV. Patients in M0 stage had a longer OS (39.7±3.4 versus 16.2±1.9, p=0.026) and DFS(30.7±3.0 versus 11.8±2.2, p=0.031) than patients in M1 stage, and patients with tumors not invading the capsule had a better DFS than those with tumor invasion into the capsule (30.8±3.0 versus 12.6±2.3, p=0.053). Patients with preoperative CA19-9 values ≤467 U/mL have longer DFS than that of patients who had preoperative CA19-9 values >467 U/mL (37.9±4.1 versus 22.9±4.0, p=0.04). In the subgroup analysis, a high hENT1 expression level was related to a longer OS(39.4±4.0 versus 31.5±3.9, p=0.001) and DFS(35.7±4.0 versus 20.6±2.7; p<0.0001) in the Gemcitabine subgroup. Conclusion: PC patients with high hENT1 expression have a better survival outcomes when receiving Gemcitabine. hENT1 expression can be a great prognostic indicator for PC patients to receive Gemcitabine treatment.

Asiaticoside Inhibits Growth and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Disrupting EMT via Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary inducer of cancer-related death worldwide. Asiaticoside (ATS) is a triterpenoid saponin that has been indicated to possess an antitumor activity in several malignancies. Nonetheless, its detailed functions in NSCLC remain unclarified. In this study, NSCLC cells were exposed to various doses of ATS. Functional experiments were employed to estimate the ATS effect on NSCLC cell behaviors. Western blotting was implemented for protein expression evaluation. A xenograft mouse model was established to assess the ATS effect on NSCLC in vivo. The results showed that ATS restrained NSCLC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasiveness. ATS reversed TGF-ß-induced promotion in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, ATS inhibited Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in NSCLC. Upregulating ß-catenin restored ATS-mediated suppression of NSCLC cell aggressiveness. Moreover, ATS administration repressed tumorigenesis in tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, ATS represses growth and metastasis in NSCLC by blocking EMT via the inhibition of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

Combined Periodontal-Orthodontic Treatment with Periodontal Corticotomy Regenerative Surgery in an Adult Patient Suffering from Periodontitis and Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Case Report with 5-Year Longitudinal Observation.

A thick periodontal phenotype with thick gingiva and alveolar bone volume is required for safe orthodontic tooth movement and long-term stability. A high incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the labial aspect of mandibular anterior teeth may limit the correction of deformity and orthodontic treatment, especially when the lower anterior teeth are needed to have a large range of movement. This study reports a combination of periodontal therapy and orthodontic therapy with periodontal corticotomy regenerative surgery (PCRS) in a 25-year-old patient suffering from skeletal Class II malocclusion and periodontitis. The patient received periodontal therapy 5 years ago and commenced orthodontic treatment 4.5 years ago. During the 4 years of follow-up for PCRS, the clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed significant improvements in the periodontal phenotype of the mandibular anterior region. The periodontal phenotypes in the mandibular incisors region were all modified from thin to thick. Supplementing orthodontic treatment with labial PCRS could be a promising treatment strategy to maintain long-term periodontal health in adult patients with alveolar deficiency and thin gingiva tissue.

Recognition of small water bodies under complex terrain based on SAR and optical image fusion algorithm.

Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of small water bodies is essential for managing water resources, crafting conservation policies, and preserving watershed ecosystems and biodiversity. However, existing studies often rely on a single remote sensing data source (optical or microwave), focusing on large-scale, flat areas and lacking comprehensive monitoring of small water bodies in complex terrain. Therefore, considering the complementary advantages of multisource remote sensing (multispectral and SAR), this paper proposes a multispectral and SAR fusion algorithm, named Multispectral and SAR Fusion algorithm (MASF), to better capture the remote sensing characteristics of small water bodies in complex areas. Based on this, a dataset containing spectral, texture, and geometric features is constructed, and multi-scale segmentation and random forest algorithms are applied for identification of small water bodies in complex terrain. The results demonstrate that the proposed fusion algorithm MASF exhibits minimal spectral distortion (SAM < 3.5, ERGAS <21, RMSE <0.01) and robust spatial feature enhancement (PSNR >40, SSIM >0.999, CC > 0.99). The Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficients for both experimental areas surpassed 0.9. For rivers and reservoirs, both Producer's Accuracy (PA) and User's Accuracy (UA) exceeded 0.9. The UA for agricultural ponds exceeded 0.8. Comparative analysis with three other types of water-related data products shows that the freshwater identification results in this study have certain advantages in local small water bodies. Our research holds significant implications for the utilization of water resources in mountainous areas, prevention and control of floods and floods, as well as the development of aquaculture industry.

The response of sediment transport and morphological evolution to storms with different characteristics.

Strong wave-current interaction under the impact of storm events can induce a series of complex sedimentary processes of sediment resuspension and transport and morphology changes, significantly changing the topography of coastal zones. However, coastal sedimentary processes during storm events have not been fully understood. In this study, we developed a wave-current-sediment coupled model to investigate the response of dynamical processes to extreme storm events. The model was first validated against the observed data for both storm conditions during the 2007 Typhoon Wipha and fair-weather conditions in 2016 in the Haizhou Bay (HZB) of the Yellow Sea. The simulated results indicated that the longshore sediment transport was dominated originally by tidal effects which were significantly enhanced by wind-induced waves during the passage of the Typhoon Wipha. Storms with different characteristics correspond to two typical sedimentary dynamic response modes based on a series of numerical experiments. The tidal pumping effect (T3 + T4 + T5) and gravitational circulation term (T6) controlled the total storm-induced sediment flux, and T6 played a crucial and special role, typically in the opposite direction of the dominant wind of the storm. The strong wind could lead to the stratification of the water column, causing the down-slope or up-slope cross-shore sediment transport, resulting in coastal seabed erosion/deposition. In addition, the onshore wind was found to have a stronger impact on the sedimentary process. The methodology and findings of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the response mechanism of sediment transport during storm events in coastal areas.