Cross-Domain Social Rumor-Propagation Model Based on Transfer Learning.

Rumors in different topic domains have different text characteristics but similar emotional tendencies. To resolve the scarce-data problem in some rumor-topic domains, this study proposes a cross-domain rumor-propagation model, which is based on transfer learning. First, given the diversity and complexity of the rumor-propagation landscape, this study introduces a novel method, User-Retweet-Rumor2vec (URR2vec), which leverages the power of representation learning to uncover latent features within rumor topics. It also displays the forwarding relationship between users and rumors, user node information, and rumor-topic information in low-dimensional space. To capture the impact of human emotional cognition during rumor spreading, we also introduce a deep-learning model based on the natural language texts of rumor topics, which analyzes the sentiment in the text and uncovers the emotional correlations among users. Furthermore, a rumor-propagation prediction model based on the text-sentiment analysis-graph convolutional network (TSA-GCN) is proposed and pre-trained on existing rumor-topic data to ensure its prediction accuracy. Finally, considering the data sparsity at a rumor-topic outbreak, the trained propagation model is transferred to the rumor topic for prediction. Meanwhile, the rumor topic in different domains has different edges and conditional distribution, similar emotional characteristics, and network structure among the rumor topics. After fine-tuning the parameter and adding a domain adaptation layer in TSA-GCN, a domain adaptation model based on parameter and graph-structure migration is obtained.

Chemical and chemoenzymatic syntheses of sialyl Lewisa tetrasaccharide antigen.

Sialyl Lewisa (sLea), also known as cancer antigen 19-9, is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. In this article, chemical and chemoenzymatic syntheses of a tetrasaccharide glycan 1 structurally derived from sLea are reported. Challenges involved in the chemical synthesis include the highly stereoselective construction of 1,2-cis-α-L-fucoside and α-D-sialoside, as well as the assembly of the 3,4-disubstituted N-acetylglucosamine subunit. Perbenzylated thiofucoside and N-acetyl-5-N,4-O-oxazolidinone protected sialic acid thioglycoside were employed as glycosyl donors, respectively, for the efficient preparation of the desired α-fucoside and α-sialoside. The 3,4-branched glucosamine backbone was established through a 3-O and then 4-O glycosylation sequence in which the 3-hydroxyl group of the glucosamine moiety was glycosylated first and then the 4-hydroxyl. A facile chemoenzymatic approach was also exploited to synthesize the target molecule. The chemically obtained free disaccharide 30 was sequentially sialylated and fucosylated in an enzyme-catalyzed regio- and stereospecific manner to form 1 in high yields. The linker appended 1 can be covalently attached to a carrier protein for further immunological studies.

Dynamic change of gut microbiota in head and neck concurrent chemoradiotherapy patients and its potential value in the prediction of acute oral mucositis grade as well as quality of life.

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is the major therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether gut microbiota changes in HNSCC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic change of gut microbiota composition, construct the first radiotherapy-related gut microbiota database in these patients and identify the potential value of the gut microbiota changing in the prediction of acute oral mucositis grade as well as patients' life quality. METHODS: We enrolled 47 HNSCC patients who scheduled with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The field was irradiated with a total dose of 66-70 Gy in 33-35 fractions. All the patients received 2-3 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. After feces specimens collected, bacterial genomic DNA was isolated using magnetic beads and then analyzed by the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System based on the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: 194 genera which belonged to 27 phyla were found in 141 samples. Increased abundance of microbiota in diversity and richness was observed in mid-radiotherapy group. Bacteroides, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium were three main genera in all three groups and the mid-radiotherapy group had the highest relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium. What is more, most significantly altered bacteria shared the same variation pattern which was increased in mid-radiotherapy while decreased to the almost same level of as pre-radiotherapy in post-radiotherapy group. Further analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes showing an upward trend while Proteobacteria declining in higher grade of acute mucositis. Moreover, relatively low abundant Proteobacteria was significantly correlated with high-grade acute oral mucositis. As for the quality of life, Lactobacillales and Actinomycetales were specifically found in better life quality group. However, Clostridia_UCG_014, Eubacteriaceae, UCG_010 and Moraxellaceae were unique abundantly present in worse life quality group. CONCLUSION: Chemoradiotherapy can affect the composition of the gut microbiota in HNSCC patients during the mid-term of treatment. Yet self-stabilized ability maintained the gut microbiota homeostasis. Dynamic change of specific species could help predict acute oral mucositis grade and characterize different quality of life group in these patients.

Final analysis of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has shown promising results for resectable, locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (L/A HNSCC). We published the first phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in resectable, L/A HNSCC, demonstrating it was safe and feasible with favorable pathological complete response (pCR). Here, we report the final analysis results for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in L/A HNSCC (minimum 2.0 years of follow-up). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cycles of chemoimmunotherapy were administered before surgery to patients with L/A HNSCC. Two-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QOL) were reported. RESULTS: The overall two-year DFS and OS rates were 90 % and 100 %, respectively. With a median follow-up of 33.7 months, 9 of 10 (90 %) patients with pCR were alive and disease free. Patients with TNM stage (II/III) or < 20 % of residual viable tumor trended toward improved DFS; hazard ratio (HR), 0.44 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.04-5.28] and HR, 0.26 (95 % CI, 0.03-2.36), respectively. All QLQ-C30 functioning and symptom scales other than nausea and vomiting were resolved at 2 years after the completion of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant camrelizumab in combination with chemotherapy provided encouraging clinical outcomes for patients with L/A HNSCC. Further studies with longer follow-up and larger samples are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900025303. Registered Aug 22, 2019. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=41380.

Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolated from a patient in China.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance mechanisms of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Kentucky ST198 FJ-2064 isolated from a patient in China. METHODS: The antimicrobial susceptibility of FJ-2064 was determined by the standard disc dilution and broth microdilution methods. The complete genome of FJ-2064 was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina MiSeq platforms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and S1-PFGE were utilized to confirm the mutation sites and the genomic plasmids, respectively. RESULTS: Isolate FJ-2064 belongs to sequence type ST198 and harboured no visible large plasmids, but was concurrent resistant to 22 detected antimicrobial agents including cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. The complete genome sequence identified 20 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and five chromosomal mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) in FJ-2064. In addition, PCR sequencing confirmed that most of the ARGs were clustered on one multidrug-resistant region and a variant of SGI1-K. In particular, the bla-TEM-1 and bla-CTX-M-55, qnrS1, mph(A) genes, which confer resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, and macrolides respectively, were all located on the multidrug-resistant region. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated one multidrug-resistant region and a variant of SGI1-K in a Salmonella Kentucky ST198 that is co-resistant to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin.

Average grain size evaluation using scattering-induced attenuation of coda waves.

Grain size is one of the key microstructural factors affecting the mechanical properties of polycrystalline metal materials. In this study, a novel method for grain size evaluation using ultrasonic coda waves is proposed. Different from conventional bulk wave methods that require a point-by-point scanning of the structure, the proposed method allows for a rapid evaluation of the average grain size of the whole part from a single inspection location using one-pass testing data. A piecewise energy attenuation function dealing with different attenuation mechanisms is proposed to obtain the effective attenuation coefficient of coda waves. A power-law model is constructed to correlate the effective attenuation coefficient with the average grain size. Ultrasonic testing on nickel-based superalloy plate specimens with different average grain sizes is performed for model calibration and method verification. The applicability and robustness of the proposed method are further validated using a realistic turbine disk specimen with an irregular shape and non-uniform grain sizes. Results show that the proposed method yields a reliable and accurate estimation of the average grain size with a maximum relative error less than 20 %.

Track Irregularity Identification Method of High-Speed Railway Based on CNN-Bi-LSTM.

Track smoothness has become an important factor in the safe operation of high-speed trains. In order to ensure the safety of high-speed operations, studies on track smoothness detection methods are constantly improving. This paper presents a track irregularity identification method based on CNN-Bi-LSTM and predicts track irregularity through car body acceleration detection, which is easy to collect and can be obtained by passenger trains, so the model proposed in this paper provides an idea for the development of track irregularity identification method based on conventional vehicles. The first step is construction of the data set required for model training. The model input is the car body acceleration detection sequence, and the output is the irregularity sequence of the same length. The fluctuation trend of the irregularity data is extracted by the HP filtering (Hodrick Prescott Filter) algorithm as the prediction target. The second is a prediction model based on the CNN-Bi-LSTM network, extracting features from the car body acceleration data and realizing the point-by-point prediction of irregularities. Meanwhile, this paper proposes an exponential weighted mean square error with priority inner fitting (EIF-MSE) as the loss function, improving the accuracy of big value data prediction, and reducing the risk of false alarms. In conclusion, the model is verified based on the simulation data and the real data measured by the high-speed railway comprehensive inspection train.

[Clinical features of congenitally enlarged bony portion of Eustachian tube].

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with congenitally enlarged bony portions of the Eustachian tube（ET）. Methods:The medical history, physical examination, hearing test, temporal bone high resolution computed tomography（HRCT） of six patients（nine ears） with congenitally enlarged bony portion of the ET were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Four patients were men and two were women. The minimum, maximum, and average ages were 5, 21, and（14.7±6.4） years, respectively. Three malformations were bilateral and three were left-sided. Three ears had conductive hearing loss（average bone and air conduction thresholds were 13.7 dB and 71.3 dB）, three had mixed hearing loss（average bone and air conduction thresholds were 27.7 dB and 83.7 dB）, and one had extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss. The average maximum length and width of the enlarged bony ET on temporal bone HRCT were（22.61±2.94） mm and（6.50±2.33） mm, respectively. The enlargement was combined with an external auditory canal malformation in six ears, narrow tympanic cavity in six, tympanic antrum malformation in five, ossicular chain malformation in seven, cochlear malformation in six, helicotrema malformation in three, vestibule widening in two, semicircular canal malformation in three, vestibular window malformation in six, facial nerve abnormality in five, internal auditory meatus malformation in two, low middle cranial fossa in eight, and severe internal carotid artery malformation in one. Conclusion:Bony ET enlargement is a rare congenital middle ear malformation which could combined with other ear malformations. Patients can have no ET dysfunction but different patterns of hearing loss. The defect is usually found unintentionally during imaging, and the HRCT of temporal bone is significant.

Chemical Synthesis of a Branched Nonasaccharide Fragment from Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide.

A chemical synthesis of a unique nanosaccharide fragment from Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide was achieved via a convergent glycosylation method. Challenges involved in the synthesis include the highly stereoselective construction of ß-3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) and two 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkages, as well as the formation of a branched 2,7-disubstituted heptose subunit. Hydrogen-bond mediated aglycone delivery strategy and benzoyl-directing remote participation effect were employed, respectively, for the efficient generation of the desired ß-Kdo glycoside and 1,2-cis-α-l-fucoside/d-glucoside. Moreover, the key branched framework was successfully established through a [(7 + 1) + 1] assembly approach involving the stepwise glycosylation of the heptasaccharide alcohol with two monosaccharide donors. The synthesized 1 containing a propylamine linker at the reducing end can be covalently bound to a carrier protein for further immunological studies.

microRNA-15a-5p suppresses hypoxia-induced tumor growth and chemoresistance in bladder cancer by binding to eIF5A2.

In various malignant tumors (including bladder cancer) poor prognosis is associated with hypoxia and therapeutic resistance. Evidence indicates that in bladder cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) have vital functions in acquired drug resistance. However, the involvement of miRNAs in hypoxia-mediated bladder cancer doxorubicin (Dox) resistance is unknown. Herein, we showed that hypoxia and Dox treatment downregulated miR-15a-5p expression. Using UM-UC-3 and J82 bladder cancer cell lines and in vivo mouse models of bladder cancer, we confirmed that miR-15a-5p arrests tumor cell growth and Dox resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we determined the interaction between miR-15a-5p and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2 (eIF5A2) using dual luciferase reporters and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. We also showed that a miR-15a-5p agomir repressed EIF5A2 expression in bladder cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by Dox or hypoxia. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-15a-5p abrogated eIF5A2-mediated Dox resistance in bladder cancer cells. Collectively, these data indicated that hypoxia promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance through the HIF-1α/miR-15a-5p/eIFTA2/EMT pathway. This new finding not only has implications for improving our understanding of the Dox resistance process during bladder cancer progression but also indicates that the miR-15a-5p agomir is a promising tool to prevent Dox resistance in patients with bladder cancer.

A new active bone-conduction implant: surgical experiences and audiological outcomes in patients with bilateral congenital microtia.

PURPOSE: First-generation bone bridges (BBs) have demonstrated favorable safety and audiological benefits in patients with conductive hearing loss. However, studies on the effects of second-generation BBs are limited, especially among children. In this study, we aimed to explore the surgical and audiological effects of second-generation BBs in patients with bilateral congenital microtia. METHODS: This single-center prospective study included nine Mandarin-speaking patients with bilateral microtia. All the patients underwent BCI Generation 602 (BCI602; MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) implant surgery between September 2021 and June 2023. Audiological and sound localization tests were performed under unaided and BB-aided conditions. RESULTS: The transmastoid and retrosigmoid sinus approaches were implemented in three and six patients, respectively. No patient underwent preoperative planning, lifts were unnecessary, and no sigmoid sinus or dural compression occurred. The mean function gain at 0.5-4.0 kHz was 28.06 ± 4.55-dB HL. The word recognition scores improved significantly in quiet under the BB aided condition. Signal-to-noise ratio reduction by 10.56 ± 2.30 dB improved the speech reception threshold in noise. Patients fitted with a unilateral BB demonstrated inferior sound source localization after the initial activation. CONCLUSIONS: Second-generation BBs are safe and effective for patients with bilateral congenital microtia and may be suitable for children with mastoid hypoplasia without preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction.

Analysis of predictive factors related to long-term hearing and temporal bone development in congenital microtia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive factors of long-term hearing threshold and temporal bone development in children with congenital microtia (CM). METHODS: 74 patients (92 ears) with CM enrolled, which all had auditory brainstem response (ABR) results during infancy or toddlerhood, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) results during childhood or adolescence, and had not undergone any surgery. We compared the relationship between ABR, auditory steady-state response (ASSR), the affected side, auricular morphology, presence of external auditory canal stenosis or atresia, PTA average, mastoid pneumatization, Jarhsdoerfer scores, and wether cholesteatoma exists. RESULTS: The average age of ABR in 92 ears was 2.72 ± 3.52 years old, PTA was 7.26 ± 2.51 and HRCT was 6.91 ± 2.76 years old. ABR-AC was related to PTA average, mastoid pneumatization, Jarhsdoerfer scores, and wether cholesteatoma exists in CM. While ABR-ABG was related to all of these factors except Jarhsdoerfer score, and ABR-BC had no relationship with any of them. ASSR only showed correlation with frequencies of 1, 2 kHz and was related to Jarhsdoerfer score, with no other correlations observed. The impaired ear side showed no relevance. However, auricular morphology was related to all of these factors except wether cholesteatoma exist. External auditory canal stenosis or atresia was related to PTA average, but unrelated to mastoid pneumatization. CONCLUSION: The ABR examination in the infant stage plays a crucial role in predicting the long-term hearing and temporal bone development in patients with CM.

Role of early hearing aid experience in speech recognition in patients with bilateral congenital microtia following Bonebridge implantation: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To identify audiological and demographic variables that predict speech recognition abilities in patients with bilateral microtia who underwent Bonebridge (BB) implantation. METHODS: Fifty patients with bilateral microtia and bilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL) who underwent BB implantation were included. Demographic data, preoperative hearing aid use experience, and audiological outcomes (including pure-tone hearing threshold, sound field hearing threshold [SFHT], and speech recognition ability) for each participant were obtained. The Chinese-Mandarin Speech Test Materials were used to test speech recognition ability. The word recognition score (WRS) of disyllabic words at 65 dB SPL signals was measured before and after BB implantation in quiet and noisy conditions. RESULTS: The mean preoperative WRS under quiet and noisy conditions was 10.44 ± 12.73% and 5.90 ± 8.76%, which was significantly improved to 86.38 ± 9.03% and 80.70 ± 11.34%, respectively, following BB fitting. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that lower preoperative SFHT suggested higher preoperative WRS under both quiet and noisy conditions. Higher age at implantation predicted higher preoperative WRS under quiet conditions. Furthermore, patients with more preoperative hearing aid experience and lower postoperative SFHT were more likely to have higher postoperative WRS under both quiet and noisy testing conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first attempt to identify predictors of preoperative and postoperative speech recognition abilities in patients with bilateral microtia with BB implantation. These findings emphasize that early hearing intervention before implantation surgery, combined with appropriate postoperative fitting, contributes to optimal benefits in terms of postoperative speech recognition ability.

EIF5A2 Promotes Doxorubicin Resistance in Bladder Cancer Cells through the TGF-ß Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, but bladder cancer (BC) patients often develop resistance that limits therapeutic efficacy. Recent research has demonstrated a link between medication resistance and the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) in tumors. This study aimed to investigate whether EIF5A2 affects the resistance of BC cells to doxorubicin through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß signaling pathway. METHODS: Doxorubicin-resistant cells in BC (T24/DOX and 5637/DOX) were constructed, then cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); EIF5A2 mRNA expression was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); cell proliferation was detected using clone formation; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; and finally, proteins related to the TGF-ß signaling pathway (EIF5A2, TGF-ß1, p-small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (Smad2)/Smad2, p-Smad3/Smad3) were detected using western blot. RESULTS: EIF5A2 was up-regulated in DOX-resistant BC cells, and DOX intervention promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in DOX-resistant BC cells. si-EIF5A2 reversed the above effects. EIF5A2 resulted in DOX resistance by activating the TGF-ß pathway, and the TGF-ß activator SRI-011381 reversed the inhibitory effect of si-EIF5A2 on DOX resistance. CONCLUSIONS: EIF5A2 promotes DOX resistance in BC cells through the TGF-ß signaling pathway, and EIF5A2 may be a potential counter-resistance therapeutic strategy in BC chemotherapy.

Identification of Superior Haplotypes and Haplotype Combinations for Grain Size- and Weight-Related Genes for Breeding Applications in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The identification of superior haplotypes and haplotype combinations is essential for haplotype-based breeding (HBB), which provides selection targets for genomics-assisted breeding. In this study, genotypes of 42 functional genes in rice were analyzed by targeted capture sequencing in a panel of 180 Indica rice accessions. In total, 69 SNPs/Indels in seven genes were detected to be associated with grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of grain length-width (L/W) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) using candidate gene-based association analysis, including BG1 and GS3 for GL, GW5 for GW, BG1 and GW5 for L/W, and AET1, SNAC1, qTGW3, DHD1 and GW5 for TGW. Furthermore, two haplotypes were identified for each of the seven genes according to these associated SNPs/Indels, and the amount of genetic variation explained by different haplotypes ranged from 3.24% to 27.66%. Additionally, three, three and eight haplotype combinations for GL, L/W and TGW explained 25.38%, 5.5% and 22.49% of the total genetic variation for each trait, respectively. Further analysis showed that Minghui63 had the superior haplotype combination Haplotype Combination 4 (HC4) for TGW. The most interesting finding was that some widely used restorer lines derived from Minghui63 also have the superior haplotype combination HC4, and our breeding varieties and lines using the haplotype-specific marker panel also confirmed that the TGW of the lines was much higher than that of their sister lines without HC4, suggesting that TGW-HC4 is the superior haplotype combination for TGW and can be utilized in rice breeding.

Inhibition of GPR30 sensitized gefitinib to NSCLC cells via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Introduction: G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is associated with cell metastasis and drug resistance in many different cancer cells. The present study aimed to reveal the sensitivity of GPR30 to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods: Cell viability and proliferation were detected using cell counting kit 8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, respectively. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were used to detect GPR30 or epithelial-mesenchyme transition (EMT)-related mRNA and protein expression.Results: The results showed that GPR30 expression is associated with gefitinib sensitivity. G15, as a GPR30 antagonist, reduced GPR30 expression. We chose the maximum concentration of G15 with minimal cytotoxicity to detect cell viability after combined treatment with gefitinib in NSCLC cells, which indicated that G15 could increase sensitivity to gefitinib. However, the effect of G15 on gefitinib sensitivity disappeared after treatment with a small interfering RNA targeting GPR30. Further research showed that G15 or GPR30 siRNA treatment could upregulate E-cadherin and downregulate vimentin levels.Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggested that G15 could enhance NSCLC sensitivity to gefitinib by inhibition of GPR30 and EMT.

[A study of the correlation between glenohumeral joint congruence and stability in recurrent shoulder dislocations].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between glenohumeral joint congruence and stability in recurrent shoulder dislocations. Methods: Eighty-nine patients (89 sides) with recurrent shoulder dislocation admitted between June 2022 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were included as study subjects. There were 36 males and 53 females with an average age of 44 years (range, 20-79 years). There were 40 cases of left shoulder and 49 cases of right shoulder. The shoulder joints dislocated 2-6 times, with an average of 3 times. The three-dimensional models of the humeral head and scapular glenoid were reconstructed using Mimics 20.0 software based on CT scanning images. The glenoid track (GT), inclusion index, chimerism index, fit index, and Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) were measured, and the degree of on/off track was judged (K value, the difference between HSI and GT). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of on/off track (K value) and inclusion index, chimerism index, and fit index. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the K value had no correlation with the inclusion index ( P>0.05), and was positively correlated with the chimerism index and the fit index ( P<0.05). Regression equation was K=-24.898+35.982×inclusion index+8.280×fit index, R 2=0.084. Conclusion: Humeral head and scapular glenoid bony area and curvature are associated with shoulder joint stability in recurrent shoulder dislocations. Increased humeral head bony area, decreased scapular glenoid bony area, increased humeral head curvature, and decreased scapular glenoid curvature are risk factors for glenohumeral joint stability.