Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy with the KangDuo Surgical System Versus the da Vinci Si System: A Prospective, Double-center, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The KangDuo Surgical Robot (KD-SR) is a newly developed surgical robot. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the KD-SR with those of the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective double-center noninferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted among 18-75-yr-old patients with suspected T1-2N0M0 prostate cancer (PCa) scheduled for RARP. INTERVENTION: RARP with the KD-SR (KD-RARP) versus RARP with the DV-SS-Si (DV-RARP). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was surgical success, defined as follows: surgery can be performed according to the established protocol, without switching to other surgical modalities, and without secondary surgery due to surgical complications after surgery. The secondary outcome was short-term functional and oncological outcomes. The noninferiority threshold was set at 10%. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty patients were enrolled, while the full analysis set finally included 79 patients (40 with KD-RARP and 39 with DV-RARP). The success rate was 100% in both groups. We could not find differences in urinary continence rate at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after catheter removal between the groups (p > 0.05). The rate of Clavien-Dindo grade II adverse events was 20% in the KD-RARP group and 17.9% in the DV-RARP group (p = 0.82), and no grade ≥III adverse events occurred. The median operation time was significantly longer in the KD-RARP group than in the DV-RARP group (177.5 vs 145 min, p = 0.012). The main limitations were the short follow-up period and that survival was not considered as the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The KD-SR is a viable option for RARP, with acceptable short-term outcomes compared with the DV-SS-Si for T1-2 PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY: This is the first prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the KangDuo Surgical Robot (KD-SR) versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si) for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, which determines that the KD-SR is noninferior to the DV-SS-Si regarding safety and efficacy for T1-T2 prostate cancer.

Highly efficient treatment of tetracycline using coupled electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation process: Mechanism and toxicity assessment.

In this study, a novel carbon fiber brush (CFB) electrode was designed using carbon fiber filaments and conductive metals. It was used as the cathode to construct an efficient coupled electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation (EF-EC) process for tetracycline (TC) treatment. An optimal 97.9% removal rate of 10 mg L-1 TC was achieved within 20 min. The coupled process is less pH-dependent and more effective in treating TC compared to the traditional individual electro-Fenton (EF) or electrocoagulation (EC) process, achieving efficient TC removal under neutral pH conditions. The removal rate of 10 mg L-1 TC consistently remained above 92% at 20 min after ten cycle experiments using the same electrodes in a Fe-CFB system (92.7-97.9%), indicating excellent reusability and stability of the CFB cathode. Mechanism analysis showed both EF and EC processes were involved in the system. Radicals (such as •OH and SO4-•) generated by EF contributed to the degradation of TC, yielding nine intermediates. Coagulants (such as Fe(OH)3) generated by EC contributed to the removal of TC. Toxicity prediction results indicated that over half of the nine intermediates exhibited lower biotoxicity compared to TC. This study provides a feasible alternative cathode for the efficient treatment of TC using EF-EC process.

Minimally invasive versus open ileal ureter with ileocystoplasty: comparative outcomes and 5-year experience.

PURPOSE: To present the experience of ileal ureter with ileocystoplasty (IUC), and compare the outcomes of IUC in minimally invasive procedures to open procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From December 2017 to April 2023, twenty patients underwent IUC in open or minimally invasive (including laparoscopic and robotic) procedures. The baseline characteristics, perioperative data and follow-up outcomes were collected. Success was defined as relief of clinical symptoms, stable postoperative serum creatine and absence of radiographic obstruction. The perioperative and follow-up outcomes of open procedures and minimally invasive procedures were compared. RESULTS: The etiology included pelvic irradiation (14/20), urinary tuberculosis (3/20) and surgical injury (3/20). Bilateral ureter strictures were repaired in 15 cases. The surgeries conducted consisted of open procedures in 9 patients and minimally invasive procedures in 11 patients. Compared to open procedures, minimally invasive surgeries had less median estimated blood loss (EBL) (100 ml vs. 300 min, p = 0.010) and shorter postoperative hospitalization (27 d vs. 13 d, p = 0.004). Two patients in the open group experienced grade 3 complications (sigmoid fistula and acute cholecystitis in one patient, and pulmonary embolism in another patient). Over a median follow-up period of 20.1 months, the median bladder functional capacity was 300 ml, with a 100% success rate of IUC. CONCLUSION: IUC is feasible in both open and minimally invasive procedures, with acceptable complications and a high success rate. Minimally invasive procedures can have less EBL and shorter postoperative hospitalization than open procedure. However, prospective studies with larger groups and longer follow-up are needed.

Feasibility and safety of dual-console telesurgery with the KangDuo Surgical Robot-1500 System using fifth-generation and wired networks: an animal experiment and sea-spanning clinical study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of dual-console telesurgery with the new KangDuo system in an animal experiment and clinical study. METHODS: Six canine models were performed radical prostatectomy with dual-console KanDuo surgical robot-1500 (KD-SR-1500-RARP). The perioperative outcomes, physical and mental workload of the surgeon were collected. Physical workload was evaluated with surface electromyography. Mental workload was evaluated with NASA-TLX. After conducting animal experiments to verify safety of dual-console KD-SR-1500-RARP, we conducted the clinical trial using 5G and wired networks. RESULTS: In the animal experiment, all surgeries were performed successfully. The operative time was 80.2±32.1 min. The docking time was 2.4±0.5 min. The console time was 49.7±25.3 min. There were no perioperative complications or equipment related adverse events. All dogs can micturate after catheter removal at one week postoperatively. The mental workload was at a low level (a scale ranging from 0 to 60), which scored 15.7±6.9. Among the eight recorded muscles, the fatigue degree of the right radial flexor and left biceps was the highest two (iEMG, resection, 299.8±344 uV, 109.9±16.9 uV; suture, 849.4±1252.5 uV, 423.1±621.3 uV, respectively). In the clinical study, the console time was 136 min. The mean latency time was ≤200 ms. The data pocket loss was <1%. The operation was successfully completed without malfunctions occurring throughout the entire process. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-console telesurgery with the KD-SR-1500 system was shown to be feasible and safe in radical prostatectomy using 5G and wired networks.

Robot-Assisted Radical Nephroureterectomy Using the KangDuo Surgical Robot-01 System: A Prospective, Single-Center, Single-Arm Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the KangDuo Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system for robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (UTUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, single-center, single-arm clinical study of patients with UTUC was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 using the KD-SR-01 system. The perioperative and follow-up data were prospectively recorded. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index was calculated to present ergonomics. The technique was described in detail. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients underwent RARNU. None of the cases conversed to laparoscopic surgery or open surgery. The median docking time and console time were 524 (range, 139-963) seconds and 102.2 (range, 55.3-249.3) minutes, respectively. The median estimated blood loss was 40 (range, 10-100) ml. None of the patients required intraoperative blood transfusion. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 (range, 2-7) days. Intraoperative or postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade I) occurred in 9 patients. The surgeon Task Load Index global score achieved 1.05±1.86. Three patients received the single-docking technique, demonstrating similar perioperative results compared to patients with re-docking. CONCLUSIONS: The KD-SR-01 system was feasible, safe, and effective for robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy.

Modified Ileal Conduit for Pelvic Lipomatosis: Technique Description and Outcome.

INTRODUCTION: To present the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of modified ileal conduit for pelvic lipomatosis (PL). METHODS: From 2020 to 2022, we prospectively enrolled 9 patients with PL undergoing modified ileal conduit. The patient characteristics, perioperative variables, and follow-up outcomes as well as the description of surgical technique were reported. RESULTS: All 9 patients successfully completed the operation. Two patients had perioperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade I. The mean operation time and bleeding volumes were 253±51.4 min and 238.9±196.9 ml, with a mean postoperative follow-up time of 13.0±5.6 months. The postoperative 3-month and 1-year creatinine values were significantly decreased versus the preoperative (P=0.006 and P=0.024). The postoperative 3-month and 1-year eGFR values were significantly increased comapred with those before operation (P=0.0002 and P=0.018). The separation value of left renal pelvis collection system after operation were significantly reduced compared with preoperative evaluation (P=0.023 at 3 month and P=0.042 at 1 year) and so was the right side (P=0.019 and P=0.023). CONCLUSION: Modified ileal conduit is safe and feasible for PL. A large sample cohort with long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of PL.

Ileal ureter replacement and ileocystoplasty for the treatment of bilateral ureteral strictures and bladder contracture: technique and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of ileal ureter replacement and ileocystoplasty for the treatment of bilateral long-segment ureteral strictures combined with bladder contracture. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical data from seven patients who underwent bilateral Ileal Ureter Replacement and ileocystoplasty from April 2019 to February 2023 was conducted. The surgeries were performed using open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted laparoscopic approaches. Baseline characteristics, perioperative, and mid-term results of the patients were collected. Follow-up period of 3-28 months. A detailed description of the technique was reported. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 52.86±6.06 years. The average duration of surgery was 365±28.54 minutes, and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was 357.14±184.06 mL. The mean length of harvested ileum was 37.86±8.40 cm. The preoperative serum creatinine level was 88.02±18.05 µmol/L, postoperative day 1 creatinine level was 90.7±12.93µmol/L, postoperative 3-month creatinine level was 93.77±33.34 µmol/L, and the mean creatinine level at the last follow-up was 94.89±27.89µmol/L. The postoperative bladder capacity was 249.43±32.50 mL on average. The average length of hospital stay was 26.57±15.46 days. No complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher were observed. During the follow-up period, no patients experienced deterioration of renal function after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral ileal ureter replacement and ileocystoplasty are effective surgical technique for the treatment of bilateral long-segment ureteral strictures combined with bladder contracture caused by radiation therapy.

Laparoscopic continent cutaneous urinary diversion using a modified Yang-Monti technique in an adult: A case report including 5-year follow-up.

Continuous cutaneous urinary diversion is challenging when the appendix is physically unavailable. The Yang-Monti channel is an alternative to the tunneled appendix for urinary diversion. We present a case involving a 49-year-old man who underwent total urethrectomy and cystostomy 10 months previously. No tumor recurrence was observed; however, the patient experienced severe catheter-related bladder irritation after the procedure. The patient was readmitted to the authors' hospital and underwent laparoscopic continent cutaneous urinary diversion using extracorporeal construction of a modified Yang-Monti channel. The operation lasted 232 minutes, with an estimated blood loss of 10 mL. The patient was discharged from hospital 6 days after surgery and removal of the cystostomy tube. After this, clean intermittent catheterization was performed every 3 hours for 4 weeks. Five years after the procedure, the modified Yang-Monti channel was still used for clean intermittent catheterization without any stomal stenosis being observed. The patient was satisfied with his postoperative quality of life.

Amperometry for real-time and on-site monitoring of phenol and H2O2 during the treatments.

In conventional wastewater treatment processes, a predetermined quantity of chemicals is introduced at the onset, without ongoing monitoring of the treatment progress. Thus, it is difficult to perform timely intervention in the treatment process. Herein, we develop an amperometry-guided wastewater treatment strategy based on a green oxidation process with H2O2 and an iron-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand (Fe-TAML) catalyst. During the process, users can monitor both phenol and H2O2 concentrations in real time and then intervene by adding more H2O2 to accelerate the reaction. As a proof of concept, a wastewater sample containing 9.3 ppm of phenol is treated by using the amperometry-guided strategy with 1 dosage of Fe-TAML (0.45 ppm) and 3 dosages of H2O2 (1.86 ppm). After the treatment, phenol concentration in the wastewater decreases to 0 ppm after 21 min. In contrast, with only 1 dosage of Fe-TAML (0.45 ppm) and 1 dosage of H2O2 (1.86 ppm), the reaction slows down after 5 min and stops prematurely. After that, the reaction kinetics of ppb-level phenol are investigated, in which the phenol rate and the rate constant are estimated. Compared to conventional detections, the designed amperometry shows faster response, lower limit of detection (LOD, phenol: 11 ppb, H2O2: 80 ppb) and consumable cost, easier operation, and no pollution generated. This example demonstrates the importance of early intervention during wastewater treatment with the help of real-time information.

Analysis of KangDuo-SR-1500 and KangDuo-SR-2000 robotic partial nephrectomy from an operative and ergonomic perspective: a prospective controlled study in porcine models.

The objective of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of two new models of KangDuo surgical robots for partial nephrectomy in porcine models, and evaluate the ergonomic characteristics from both subjective and objective perspectives. Twelve porcine models were equally divided for KD-SR-1500 (three-arm) and KD-SR-2000 (four-arm). The perioperative outcomes, and physical and mental workload of the surgeon were compared. Physical workload was evaluated with surface electromyography. Mental workload was evaluated with NASA-TLX. All surgeries were performed successfully. There were no differences in perioperative variables (p > 0.05). There were no perioperative complications. The mental workload in both groups was at a low level. KD-SR-2000 showed advantages in physical workload (p < 0.01). KD-SR-1500 and KD-SR-2000 are technically feasible, valid, and safe for RAPN in porcine models. KD-SR-2000 had ergonomic advantages over KD-SR-1500.

Minimally invasive ureteroplasty with lingual mucosal graft for complex ureteral stricture: analysis of surgical and patient-reported outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate objective treatment efficacy and safety, and subjective patient-reported outcomes in patients with complex ureteral strictures (US) undergoing minimally invasive lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty (LMGU). Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients underwent robotic or laparoscopic LMGU between May 2020 and July 2022. Clinical success was defined as symptom-free and no radiographic evidence of re-obstruction. Patient-reported outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), were longitudinally evaluated before surgery, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Overall, 41 consecutive patients were included. All procedures were performed successfully with 32 patients in robotic approach and 9 in laparoscopic. Forty (97.56%) patients achieved clinical success during the median follow-up of 29 (range 15-41) months. Although patients with complex US experienced poor baseline HRQoL, there was a remarkable improvement following LMGU. Specifically, the 6-month and 12-month postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the baseline (p < 0.05) in most domains. Twenty-eight (68.3%) and 31 (75.6%) patients had anxiety and depression symptoms before surgery, respectively. However, no significant decrease in the incidence of these symptoms was observed postoperatively. Moreover, there was no significant deterioration of OHRQoL at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively when compared to the baseline. Conclusions: LMGU is a safe and efficient procedure for complex ureteral reconstruction that significantly improves patient-reported HRQoL without compromising OHRQoL. Assessing patients' quality of life enables us to monitor postoperative recovery and progress, which should be considered as one of the criteria for surgical success.

Minimal-invasive ileal ureter replacement for the management of multiple ureteral polyps: the initial experience.

PURPOSE: To present our initial experience in the management of multiple ureteral polyps with robotic or laparoscopic ileal ureter replacement (IUR). METHODS: Eight consecutive patients diagnosed with multiple ureteral polyps underwent robotic or laparoscopic IUR between July 2019 and November 2022. Unilateral IUR was performed in 5 patients with polyps in the left (n = 3) or right (n = 2) side, and 3 patients with bilateral multiple polyps underwent bilateral IUR. Demographic characteristics, perioperative data and follow-up outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: A cohort of 5 male and 3 female patients (11 ureters) with a mean age of 32.8 ± 11.3 years were included. Among these patients, 5 presented with recurrent flank pain, 1 had hematuria, and 2 were asymptomatic. Four patients experienced prior failed surgical interventions. The mean length of diseased ureter was 11.9 ± 4.7 cm, with more than 10 cm in eight sides. All procedures were performed successfully. The mean operation time was 319 ± 87.6 min with 3 patients who simultaneously underwent intraoperative ureteroscopy. The mean length of ileal graft was 23.8 ± 5.8 cm. During the mean follow-up of 20.4 ± 12.8 months, one major complication, specifically incision infection, and four minor complications, including urinary infection (n = 3) and metabolic acidosis (n = 1), were observed. All patients presented symptom-free, with improved/stabilized hydronephrosis and no signs of restenosis. CONCLUSION: Robotic or laparoscopic IUR is a feasible, safe, and effective surgical option for patients with long ureteral defects caused by multiple polyps.

Minimally invasive ureteroplasty with lingual mucosal graft for complex ureteral stricture: analysis of surgical and patient-reported outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate objective treatment efficacy and safety, and subjective patient-reported outcomes in patients with complex ureteral strictures (US) undergoing minimally invasive lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty (LMGU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients underwent robotic or laparoscopic LMGU between May 2020 and July 2022. Clinical success was defined as symptom-free and no radiographic evidence of re-obstruction. Patient-reported outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), were longitudinally evaluated before surgery, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Overall, 41 consecutive patients were included. All procedures were performed successfully with 32 patients in robotic approach and 9 in laparoscopic. Forty (97.56%) patients achieved clinical success during the median follow-up of 29 (range 15-41) months. Although patients with complex US experienced poor baseline HRQoL, there was a remarkable improvement following LMGU. Specifically, the 6-month and 12-month postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the baseline (p < 0.05) in most domains. Twenty-eight (68.3%) and 31 (75.6%) patients had anxiety and depression symptoms before surgery, respectively. However, no significant decrease in the incidence of these symptoms was observed postoperatively. Moreover, there was no significant deterioration of OHRQoL at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively when compared to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: LMGU is a safe and efficient procedure for complex ureteral reconstruction that significantly improves patient-reported HRQoL without compromising OHRQoL. Assessing patients' quality of life enables us to monitor postoperative recovery and progress, which should be considered as one of the criteria for surgical success.

Controllable Carrier Doping in Two-Dimensional Materials Using Electron-Beam Irradiation and Scalable Oxide Dielectrics.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, characterized by their atomically thin nature and exceptional properties, hold significant promise for future nano-electronic applications. The precise control of carrier density in these 2D materials is essential for enhancing performance and enabling complex device functionalities. In this study, we present an electron-beam (e-beam) doping approach to achieve controllable carrier doping effects in graphene and MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) by leveraging charge-trapping oxide dielectrics. By adding an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-grown Al2O3 dielectric layer on top of the SiO2/Si substrate, we demonstrate that controllable and reversible carrier doping effects can be effectively induced in graphene and MoS2 FETs through e-beam doping. This new device configuration establishes an oxide interface that enhances charge-trapping capabilities, enabling the effective induction of electron and hole doping beyond the SiO2 breakdown limit using high-energy e-beam irradiation. Importantly, these high doping effects exhibit non-volatility and robust stability in both vacuum and air environments for graphene FET devices. This methodology enhances carrier modulation capabilities in 2D materials and holds great potential for advancing the development of scalable 2D nano-devices.

Robotic urologic surgery using the KangDuo-Surgical Robot-01 system: A single-center prospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: The KangDuo-Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system is a new surgical robot recently developed in China. The aim of this study was to present our single-center experience and mid-term outcomes of urological procedures using the KD-SR-01 system. METHODS: From August 2020 to April 2023, consecutive urologic procedures were performed at Peking University First Hospital using the KD-SR-01 system. The clinical features, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were prospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 110 consecutive patients were recruited. Among these patients, 28 underwent partial nephrectomy (PN), 41 underwent urinary tract reconstruction (26 underwent pyeloplasty, 3 underwent ureteral reconstruction and 12 underwent ureterovesical reimplantation [UR]), and 41 underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). The median operative time for PN was 112.5 min, 157.0 min for pyeloplasty, 151.0 min for ureteral reconstruction, 142.5 min for UR, and 138.0 min for RP. The median intraoperative blood loss was 10 mL for PN, 10 mL for pyeloplasty, 30 mL for ureteral reconstruction, 20 mL for UR, and 50 mL for RP. All procedures were successfully completed without conversion, and there were no major complications in any patient. The median warm ischemia time of PN was 17.3 min, and positive surgical margin was not noted in any patient. The overall positive surgical margin rate of RP was 39% (16/41), and no biochemical recurrence was observed in any RP patient during the median follow-up of 11.0 months. The surgical success rates of pyeloplasty and UR were 96% (25/26) and 92% (11/12) during the median follow-up of 29.5 months and 11.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The KD-SR-01 system appears feasible, safe, and effective for most urological procedures, based on our single-center experience.