[Literature data mining on the current research status of uveitis in China].

Objective: To analyze the current research status of uveitis in China. Methods: It was a bibliometric analysis study. Using search formulas covering uveitis and its multiple subtypes, uveitis-related literature in English with publication dates from 2013 to 2022 was retrieved in Web of Science core databases through certain search strategies. This study used the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm to build topic models and analyzed the trends of research topics in recent years. Bibliometric analysis was used to analyze and visualize the bibliometric indicators (e.g., number of publications, citations, and H-index) of the included literature using tools such as VOSviewer software. Results: Over the past decade, China has published 1 657 papers on uveitis, ranking second globally. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of the H-index (58) and citation (12.28 per publication). Countries such as the USA (43.04%) and the United Kingdom (62.54%) were engaged in more international collaboration. We identified ten optimal LDA topics for uveitis literature in China such as immunotherapy, Behçet's disease, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Research on uveitis in China was mostly published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation (92). Conclusions: China has made remarkable progress in uveitis research. Nonetheless, there is still untapped potential to enhance our global academic influence. It is encouraged to promote international collaborations, harness our expertise in areas like Behçet's disease and VKH syndrome, and publish our scientific achievements in high-impact journals.

[Research progress of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in noninfectious uveitis: a review].

Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a challenging type of intraocular inflammatory disease that tends to recur and can be resistant to treatment. It can cause both transient and permanent pathological changes in the retina and choroid. Accurate diagnosis and monitoring of these changes rely heavily on ophthalmic imaging methods. In recent years, the enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) have emerged as rapidly evolving ophthalmic imaging techniques that offer significant advantages in evaluating choroidal thickness, displaying the whole choroid, and monitoring choroidal blood flow. This review provides an overview of the current research status of EDI-OCT, SS-OCT, and SS-OCTA in evaluating intraocular inflammation and other choroid-related complications in noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis, and also highlights their future prospects.

[Analysis on the clinical features of sarcoid uveitis].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of patients with sarcoid uveitis. Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. The medical records of 19 086 patients with uveitis admitted to the Department of Ophtalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2008 to December 2019 were collected. The general data, medical history, treatment, diagnosis, follow-up, ophthalmic and other auxiliary examinations were retrospectively analyzed. The paired sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the affected eye at the first visit to the BCVA of the affected eye at the corresponding last visit. Results: A total of 51 patients (97 eyes) with sarcoid uveitis were included, including 15 males (29.4%) and 36 females (70.6%), with a male/female ratio of 1/2.4. There were 46 patients (88 eyes) with presumed sarcoidosis and 5 patients (9 eyes) with definite sarcoidosis. The age of onset was 48 (40, 55) years and 90.2% of patients (46 cases) were involved in both eyes, while 88.2% of the patients (45 cases) were chronic, and only 11.8% (6 cases) showed acute inflammatory response. Anterior uveitis was the most common type (50.5%, 49 eyes). Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal vasculitis in only 2 eyes (2.1%) and fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) revealed diffuse vascular leakage of fluorescein in 64 eyes (66.0%). Thirty-one patients (59 eyes) were followed up for≥3 months. Cataract was the most common ocular complication, accounting for 44.1% (26 eyes), and the inflammatory response was controlled in 45 eyes (76.3%) treated with combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. The patients were followed up for 21.5 (13.7, 29.3) months. Among 31 patients (59 eyes) followed up for≥3 months, BCVA was≥0.8 in 25 eyes (42.3%) and<0.3 in 15 eyes (25.4%) at the last follow-up, BCVA of 59 affected eyes of 31 patients was better than that at the first visit, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.76, P=0.006). Conclusions: Uveitis associated with sarcoidosis or presumed ocular sarcoidosis mainly manifests as a bilateral, chronic anterior uveitis with a subclinical retinal vasculitis. FFA shows subclinical retinal vasculitis in most patients. Glucocorticoid therapy in combination with other immunosuppressive agents can control inflammatory responses and improve visual acuity in most patients.

[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: report of 5 cases].

The clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 5 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were analyzed. It was found that the clinical characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were very similar to that of gallbladder malignant tumor, and it was difficult to differentiate. Ultrasound guided gallbladder needle biopsy can confirm the diagnosis before surgery. Surgery is still the first choice of treatment. Since laparoscopic surgery has obvious advantages over open surgery, it is recommended to be preferentially used. If the tumor is under T2 stage and has no aggressive metastasis, the prognosis is generally good.

[A summary of 70 years' progress of uveitis subspecialty in China].

Uveitis is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide. Clinical and basic studies on uveitis began in the 1980s in China. With the efforts of several generations, great progress has been made in the last 30 years with a global reputation. However, there are still challenges concerning the prevention and treatment of uveitis as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this disease. Therefore, we should continuously push the uveitis subspecialty in China to a new level. The achievements obtained in the uveitis studies during the past decades are offered as a gift to the 70th anniversary of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:881-890).

[A multicenter prospective controlled study of catheter ablation for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation using domestic 3D cardiac electrophysiological mapping system].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the safety and efficacy of the domestic 3D cardiac electrophysiological mapping system for catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: From December 2011 to April 2014, 255 patients (184 male) with persistent AF in 13 centers were enrolled in this multicenter prospective controlled study.The patients were allocated to catheter ablation group (experiment group) and antiarrhythmics drugs cardioversion group (control group) with the ratio 2∶1 according to the patients' intention. Left atria were constructed with 3D cardiac electrophysiology mapping system, magnetic sensored saline irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter (FireMagic™ Cool 3D) and surface reference (Columbus™). Pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial roof line, mitral annulus isthmus line, three tricuspid annulus isthmus line, superior vena cava, the coronary sinus and complex atrial fragmented potentials were targeted if necessary under the guidance of the 3D mapping system. Antiarrhythmics drugs (except amiodarone) were applied to patients for 2 to 3 months after ablation. The patients were followed up for 9 months after 3 months blanking period. The patients in the control group underwent cardioversion with amiodarone and electrical cardioversion if needed. Patients in the control group were also followed up for 9 months. RESULTS: Of the 255 patients, 167 cases were in the experiment group and 88 cases were in the control group. In per protocol set (PPS), 155 cases were in the experiment group, 79 cases in the control group. Catheter ablation was successful for all patients in the experiment group under the guidance of the 3D cardiac electrophysiological mapping system. Pumononary veins isolation was achieved in all patients. After 9 months follow-up beyond blanking period, in full analysis set, the success rate was 66.5% (111/167) in the experiment group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (21.6% (19/88), P<0.001). In PPS, the success rate was also significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group (67.1% (104/155) vs. 22.8%(18/79), P<0.001). The incidence of adverse events was 19.8% in the experiment group and 13.6% in the control group(P=0.223). The adverse events associated with catheter ablation included 1 case of left subclavian hematoma, 1 case of left subclavian bleeding and 1 case of pericardial effusion, which was alleviated by pericardiocentesis. No pulmonary vein stenosis occurred. CONCLUSION: Domestic 3D cardiac electrophysiological mapping system can safely and effectively guide catheter ablation of persistent AF.

[The application of full thicknes skin graft inpartial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma].

Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the experience and advantages of the application of full thicknes skin graft in glottic carcinoma.partial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma.Method:One hundred and forty-three patients with glottic cancer were treated with partial laryngectomy.Among those,78 cases were repaired with full-thickness skin graft and 65 cases were repaired with sternohyoid muscular fasciae.Compared the time of extubation and the formation of granulation in laryngeal cavity after operation between the two groups.Result:In the group of full-thickness skin graft,the mean time of decannulation was 6.8 days,5 cases with growth of granulation after operation.In other group,the mean time of decannulation was 10.7 days,16 cases with growth of granulation after operation.The mean time of decannulation(t=-4.739,P<0.01) and the growth of granulation(χ²=9.379,P<0.01) are significantly different between the two groups.No laryngostenosis was found in all patients.Conclusion:The application of full-thicknes skin graft in partial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma.can shortthe time of extubation and reduce the formation of granulation.

Effect of methanol on the activity and conformation of acid phosphatase from the prawn Penaeus penicillatus.

Prawn (Penaeus penicillatus) acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters. The effects of some pollutants in sea water on the enzyme activity results in the loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which leads to disruption of phosphate metabolism in cells. This paper analyzes the effects of methanol on the activity and conformation of prawn acid phosphatase. The results show that low concentrations of methanol can lead to reversible inactivation. Inhibition of the enzyme by methanol is classified as non-competitive inhibition, and the inhibition constant (Ki) is 8.5%. Conformational changes of the enzyme molecule in methanol solutions of different concentrations were measured using fluorescence emission, differential UV-absorption, and circular dichroism spectra. Increased methanol concentrations caused the fluorescence emission intensity of the enzyme to increase. The ultraviolet difference spectra of the enzyme denatured with methanol had two negative peaks, at 222 and 270 nm, and a positive peak at 236 nm. The changes in the fluorescence and ultraviolet difference spectra reflected the changes of the microenvironments of tryptophan and tyrosine residues of the enzyme. The CD spectrum changes of the enzyme show that the secondary structure of the enzyme also changed some. These results suggest that methanol is a non-competitive inhibitor and the conformational integrity of the enzyme is essential for its activity.

Effect of ethanol on the activity and conformation of Penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase.

The effect of ethanol on the activity of Penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase has been studied. The results show that ethanol significantly inhibits enzyme activity as a non-competitive inhibitor, with Ki 8.75%. The conformational changes of the enzyme molecule induced by ethanol were followed using fluorescence emission, ultraviolet difference and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Increasing the ethanol concentration caused the fluorescence emission intensity of the enzyme to increase. The ultraviolet difference spectra of the enzyme denatured with ethanol had two negative peaks at 220 and 278 nm, and a positive peak at 240 nm. Increasing the ethanol concentration produced a small shoulder peak at 287 nm in addition to the increases in the negative magnitudes of the 220 and 278 nm peaks. The changes of the fluorescence and ultraviolet difference spectra reflected the changes of the microenvironments of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of the enzyme. The CD spectrum changes of the enzyme show that the secondary structure of the enzyme also changed. The results suggest that ethanol is a non-competitive inhibitor and the conformational integrity of the enzyme is essential for its activity.

Kinetics of inactivation of Penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase during inhibition by N-bromosuccinimide.

In the present investigation, the inactivation by N-bromosuccinimide of acid phosphatase from penaeus penicillatus has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction during modification of enzyme activity as previously described by Tsou [(1988, Adv. Enzymemol. Related Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 381-436]. The results show that inactivation of the enzyme by N-bromosuccinimide is a slow, reversible reaction. The results also clearly show that the modification of the tryptophan residues of penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase by high concentrations of N-bromosuccinimide led to the complete inactivation of the enzyme. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of the inactivator with the free enzyme and with the enzyme-substrate complex. Comparison of the obtained microscopic rate constants indicates that the presence of the substrate offers marked protection of the enzyme against inactivation by N-bromosuccinimide. The above results suggest that the tryptophan residue is essential for activity and may be situated at the active site of the enzyme.

Metabolic detriment in donor heart valves induced by ischemia and cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: The injury resulting from postmortem ischemia is a critical deterrent to the availability of donor valves. Using the reduction of XTT-tetrazolium salt as a marker of metabolic sequelae, we assessed the injurious effect of ischemia and the metabolic sequelae in 156 porcine semilunar leaflets. METHODS: The leaflets were randomly allocated to noncryoprocessed (n = 72) or cryoprocessed (n = 72) groups. At each preservation temperature of 4 degrees C, 24 degrees C, or 37 degrees C, 24 leaflets each were exposed to one of four storage periods of 9, 17, 30, or 60 hours. Twelve fresh aortic leaflets served as baseline reference samples. RESULTS: There was a progressive loss in the metabolic functioning of valve leaflet cells in both noncryopreserved and cryopreserved tissue as the storage times increased. Cryopreserved tissue showed a greater loss of function than noncryopreserved tissue did. The metabolic injury was mainly a consequence of cryoprocessing. The greatest loss in metabolic functioning occurred in the valves stored for 60 hours. The least favorable combination of variables was cryopreservation and a precryopreservation storage time of 60 hours. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 30- to 60-hour delays do not have a significant metabolic effect on cardiac leaflets. Thus it may be possible to safely extend the permissible ischemic periods after organ harvest.

Unfolding and inactivation of Penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase during denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride.

The conformational changes of penaeus penicillatus acid phosphatase during denaturation in guanidine hydrochloride solutions were studied by following changes in the intrinsic fluorescence, ultraviolet difference absorption, and circular dichroism spectra. Inactivation of the enzyme in guanidine hydrochloride solutions were compared with unfolding of the enzyme molecule. The results show that the extent of unfolding in guanidine solutions measured by several different methods closely coincide with each other and that slightly lower concentrations of guanidine are required to bring about inactivation than are required to produce significant conformational changes of the enzyme molecule. At the same concentrations, the inactivation rate constants are markedly faster than the rate constants for unfolding of the enzyme. The above results suggest that the active sites of this enzyme display more conformational flexibility than the enzyme molecule as a whole.

XTT-colorimetric assay as a marker of viability in cryoprocessed cardiac valve.

This study sought to evaluate the use of tetrazolium salt XTT reduction as an indicator of valvular viability in a cryoprocessed porcine cardiac homograft model. The XTT tetrazolium assays was based on the metabolic reduction of Sodium 3'-[1-(phenylamino-carbonyl)-3,4-Tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate. The relationship between XTT reduction and: (1) leaflet tissue with various weight (n = 24); (2) morphometric evaluation (n = 30); (3) cadaveric ischemic intervals (n = 30); (4) freeze-thawing (n = 30) has been studied. The measurement of XTT reduction were significantly correlated with the weight of cardiac leaflets, in the range of 30 to 180mg (y=0.015x-0.063; r=0.99). Compared to morphometry of valvular damage, the reduction of mitochondrial enzymatic activity in cardiac leaflets was correlated with matrix cells without irreversible damage (r=0.89, P<0.005). The depletion of XTT reduction occurred dependent of ischemic time intervals. In general, freeze-thawing reduced more than 20% activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase. We concluded that XTT tetrazolium assay is highly sensitive to determine valvular injury. The study demonstrated its potential for testing of cryopreserved cardiac valve.

[Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and pinealitis in Lewis rats induced by varied doses of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein].

Lewis rats were immunized with varied doses of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a potent uveitogenic antigen. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP) were induced with 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms of IRBP respectively. The EAU and EAP models provide useful means for investigating the pathogenetic mechanism of human uveoretinitis and its involvement with the nervous system.

[Tuberculous infection and autoimmune diseases].

This paper presented four cases to demonstrate the close relationship between tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases. The patients had clinical manifestation of autoimmune diseases with presence of anti-PPD IgG, specific circulating immune complexes in sera. After being treated with antituberculous chemotherapy, all patients got distinct improvement clinically. Also, the possible mechanisms of their correlationship were reviewed and discussed.

[Effects of interleukin-2 on experimental uveitis and pinealitis].

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was injected intraperitoneally into Lewis rats immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to study its effect on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP) and on the immune response. It was found that the EAU and the EAP were significantly intensified by IL-2, and the peak of serum anti-IRBP antibody appeared on the 7th day after immunization while that in the controls on the 26th day. These results, together with those previously documented that the development, severity and subsidence of EAU depended on the level of IL-2, tend to support the authors' hypothesis that excessively elevated IL-2 enhances the development and recurrence of human uveoretinitis.

[The purification of bovine IRBP and its uveitogenic action].

The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, IRBP, shuttles the retinoid between photoreceptor cells and the pigment epithelium. It also induces experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). The authors first purified IRBP in China by Con A Sepharose affinity chromatography in conjunction with the purification of bovine retinal S-antigen by ion-exchange chromatography. EAU was successfully induced by injection of emulsified IRBP 50 micrograms with Freund's complete adjuvant into the footpad of Lewis rats. It was characterized by panophthalmia with severe damage to the posterior retina, and lymphocytes predominated the inflammatory infiltration that included mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells.

[Detection of specific IgG and its specific circular immune complex in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

In order to search for the immunological diagnostic methods of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and its autoimmunopathy, we determined the PPD-C IgG and PPD-C IgG present in CIC by means of PPD-C-based ELISA in 50 tuberculosis patients, 20 patients with lung cancer and 30 normal subjects. The positive rates of serum PPD-C IgG in tuberculosis, lung cancer and normal subjects were 62%, 5% and 6.7% respectively. The positive rates of PPD-C IgG present in CIC were 86%, 10% and 6.7% respectively. The sensitivity of PPD-C IgG present in CIC was 86% and the specificity was 92%. It was suggested that CIC surface PPD-C IgG was more valuable in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

[Purification of retinal S-antigen and its uveiticogenic activity].

Retinal S-antigen, a soluble protein present in the photosensory layer of the retina, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of some uveitis. The procedure for the isolation of S-antigen has been continually improved and perfected. In light of the method of A1-Mahdawi and coworkers, with some modification, we obtained good yields of highly purified S-antigen (0.325 mg per retina) from bovine retinas. Experimental auto-immune uveitis (EAU) was successfully induced by injecting the S-antigen into the hind footpad of guinea pigs. The EAU was characterized by lymphocyte infiltration in the pars plana and vitreous base, a counterpart of human intermediate uveitis.