Rare case of simultaneous occurrence of chronic neutrophil leukemia and T lymphoblastic lymphoma: case report and literature review.

Chronic neutrophil leukemia (CNL) is a rare and life-threatening disease. Cases of CNL combined with lymphoma are rare. Here, we report a case of CNL with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) in a 28-year-old male. After a regimen of ruxolitinib, VICLP (Vincristine, Idarubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, Peg-asparaginase) regimen, high-dose cytarabine, and methotrexate regimens, the patient's bone marrow condition partially resolved. However, when the disease relapsed four months later, despite attempts with selinexor, venetoclax, and CAG(aclarubicin hydrochloride, Algocytidine, Granulocyte Stimulating Factor) chemotherapy, the leukocytes and peripheral blood primitive cells reduced, but the bone marrow did not achieve remission. This pathogenesis may be related to microenvironmental immune escape under prolonged inflammatory stimulation and gene disruption affecting protein function due to colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor gene (CSF3R) mutations. For this type of disease, early intervention may delay disease progression.

Selective Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds via Electrochemical C-N Coupling on Atomically Dispersed Catalysts.

The C-N coupling reaction demonstrates broad application in the fabrication of a wide range of high value-added organonitrogen molecules including fertilizers (e.g., urea), chemical feedstocks (e.g., amines, amides), and biomolecules (e.g., amino acids). The electrocatalytic C-N coupling pathways from waste resources like CO2, NO3-, or NO2- under mild conditions offer sustainable alternatives to the energy-intensive thermochemical processes. However, the complex multistep reaction routes and competing side reactions lead to significant challenges regarding low yield and poor selectivity toward large-scale practical production of target molecules. Among diverse catalyst systems that have been developed for electrochemical C-N coupling reactions, the atomically dispersed catalysts with well-defined active sites provide an ideal model platform for fundamental mechanism elucidation. More importantly, the intersite synergy between the active sites permits the enhanced reaction efficiency and selectivity toward target products. In this Review, we systematically assess the dominant reaction pathways of electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions toward various products including urea, amines, amides, amino acids, and oximes. To guide the rational design of atomically dispersed catalysts, we identify four key stages in the overall reaction process and critically discuss the corresponding catalyst design principles, namely, retaining NOx/COx reactants on the catalyst surface, regulating the evolution pathway of N-/C- intermediates, promoting C-N coupling, and facilitating final hydrogenation steps. In addition, the advanced and effective theoretical simulation and characterization technologies are discussed. Finally, a series of remaining challenges and valuable future prospects are presented to advance rational catalyst design toward selective electrocatalytic synthesis of organonitrogen molecules.

Developing Cathode Films for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The development of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) toward large-scale electrochemical energy storage is driven by the higher specific energies and lower cost in comparison with the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Yet, insufficient mechanistic understanding and quantitative parameters of the key components in sulfur-based cathode hinders the advancement of the ASSLSB technologies. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of electrode parameters, including specific capacity, voltage, S mass loading and S content toward establishing the specific energy (Wh kg-1) and energy density (Wh L-1) of the ASSLSBs. Additionally, this work critically evaluates the progress in enhancing lithium ion and electron percolation and mitigating electrochemical-mechanical degradation in sulfur-based cathodes. Last, a critical outlook on potential future research directions is provided to guide the rational design of high-performance sulfur-based cathodes toward practical ASSLSBs.

Alterations of the bile microbiome is associated with progression-free survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) display an altered oral, gastrointestinal, and intra-pancreatic microbiome compared to healthy individuals. However, knowledge regarding the bile microbiome and its potential impact on progression-free survival in PDACs remains limited. METHODS: Patients with PDAC (n = 45), including 20 matched pairs before and after surgery, and benign controls (n = 16) were included prospectively. The characteristics of the microbiomes of the total 81 bile were revealed by 16  S-rRNA gene sequencing. PDAC patients were divided into distinct groups based on tumor marker levels, disease staging, before and after surgery, as well as progression free survival (PFS) for further analysis. Disease diagnostic model was formulated utilizing the random forest algorithm. RESULTS: PDAC patients harbor a unique and diverse bile microbiome (PCoA, weighted Unifrac, p = 0.038), and the increasing microbial diversity is correlated with dysbiosis according to key microbes and microbial functions. Aliihoeflea emerged as the genus displaying the most significant alteration among two groups (p < 0.01). Significant differences were found in beta diversity of the bile microbiome between long-term PFS and short-term PFS groups (PCoA, weighted Unifrac, p = 0.005). Bacillota and Actinomycetota were identified as altered phylum between two groups associated with progression-free survival in all PDAC patients. Additionally, we identified three biomarkers as the most suitable set for the random forest model, which indicated a significantly elevated likelihood of disease occurrence in the PDAC group (p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reached 80.8% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 55.0 to 100%. Due to the scarcity of bile samples, we were unable to conduct further external verification. CONCLUSION: PDAC is characterized by an altered microbiome of bile ducts. Biliary dysbiosis is linked with progression-free survival in all PDACs. This study revealed the alteration of the bile microbiome in PDACs and successfully developed a diagnostic model for PDAC.

Protein Interfacial Gelation toward Shuttle-Free and Dendrite-Free Zn-Iodine Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries hold potential for large-scale energy storage but struggle with shuttle effects of I2 cathodes and poor reversibility of Zn anodes. Here, an interfacial gelation strategy is proposed to suppress the shuttle effects and improve the Zn reversibility simultaneously by introducing silk protein (SP) additive. The SP can migrate bidirectionally toward cathode and anode interfaces driven by the periodically switched electric field direction during charging/discharging. For I2 cathodes, the interaction between SP and polyiodides forms gelatinous precipitate to avoid the polyiodide dissolution, evidenced by excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency (CE) (215 mAh g-1 and 99.5% at 1 C), excellent rate performance (≈170 mAh g-1 at 50 C), and extended durability (6000 cycles at 10 C). For Zn anodes, gelatinous SP serves as protective layer to boost the Zn reversibility (99.7% average CE at 2 mA cm-2) and suppress dendrites. Consequently, a 500 mAh Zn-I2 pouch cell with high-loading cathode (37.5 mgiodine cm-2) and high-utilization Zn anode (20%) achieves remarkable energy density (80 Wh kg-1) and long-term durability (>1000 cycles). These findings underscore the simultaneous modulation of both cathode and anode and demonstrate the potential for practical applications of Zn-I2 batteries.

Discrete-Time Visual Servoing Control with Adaptive Image Feature Prediction Based on Manipulator Dynamics.

In this paper, a practical discrete-time control method with adaptive image feature prediction for the image-based visual servoing (IBVS) scheme is presented. In the discrete-time IBVS inner-loop/outer-loop control architecture, the time delay caused by image capture and computation is noticed. Considering the dynamic characteristics of a 6-DOF manipulator velocity input system, we propose a linear dynamic model to describe the motion of a robot end effector. Furthermore, for better estimation of image features and smoothing of the robot's velocity input, we propose an adaptive image feature prediction method that employs past image feature data and real robot velocity data to adopt the prediction parameters. The experimental results on a 6-DOF robotic arm demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure system stability and accelerate system convergence.

The critical role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Streptococcus suis-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) type 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen causing severe neural infections in pigs and causes serious threat to public health. Inflammasome activation plays an important role in the host against microbial infection but the role of inflammasome activation in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity during S. suis infection is rarely studied. This study investigated the mechanism by which S. suis-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation led to BBB disruption. Our results showed that S. suis infection activated NLRP3 inflammasome in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL-2 and CXCL-2) as well as the cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) which were significantly attenuated by inflammasome inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, S. suis infection significantly downregulated expression of tight junctions (TJs) proteins and trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) while NLRP3 inhibition rescued S. suis-induced degradation of TJs proteins and significantly reduced the number of S. suis crossing BBB in transwell infection model. Moreover, recombinant IL-1ß exacerbated the reduction of TJs proteins in BMECs. In murine S. suis-infection model, MCC950 reduced the bacterial load and the excessive inflammatory response in mice brain. In addition, the integrity of the BBB was protected with increased TJ proteins expression and decreased pathological injury after the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, indicating NLRP3 inflammasome plays a destructive role in meningitis induced by S. suis. Our study expands the understanding on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in bacterial meningitis, which provide the valuable information for the development of anti-infective agents targeting NLRP3 to treat bacterial meningitis.

Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging.

Mental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (n = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (n = 36,745 to 1,012,240). Analyses were adjusted for income, education and occupation. All the data were from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European descent. Better mental well-being spectrum (each one Z-score higher) was causally associated with a higher aging-GIP (ß [95% confidence interval (CI)] in different models ranging from 1.00 [0.82-1.18] to 1.07 [0.91-1.24] standard deviations (s.d.)) independent of socioeconomic indicators. Similar association patterns were seen for resilience (ß [95% CI] ranging from 0.97 [0.82-1.12] to 1.04 [0.91-1.17] s.d.), self-rated health (0.61 [0.43-0.79] to 0.76 [0.59-0.93] points), healthspan (odds ratio [95% CI] ranging from 1.23 [1.02-1.48] to 1.35 [1.11-1.65]) and parental lifespan (1.77 [0.010-3.54] to 2.95 [1.13-4.76] years). Two-step Mendelian randomization mediation analyses identified 33 out of 106 candidates as mediators between the well-being spectrum and the aging-GIP: mainly lifestyles (for example, TV watching and smoking), behaviours (for example, medication use) and diseases (for example, heart failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease), each exhibiting a mediation proportion of >5%. These findings underscore the importance of mental well-being in promoting healthy aging and inform preventive targets for bridging aging disparities attributable to suboptimal mental health.

Recent Advances and Multiple Strategies of Monoterpenoid Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica.

Monoterpenoids are an important subclass of terpenoids that play important roles in the energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances fields. With the development of biotechnology, microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids has received great attention. Yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are emerging as potential hosts for monoterpenoids production because of unique advantages including rapid growth cycles, mature gene editing tools, and clear genetic background. Recently, advancements in metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering have significantly enhanced the accumulation of monoterpenoids in cell factories. First, this review introduces the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the latest production strategies, which encompass enhancing precursor flux, modulating the expression of rate-limited enzymes, suppressing competitive pathway flux, mitigating cytotoxicity, optimizing substrate utilization, and refining the fermentation process. Subsequently, this review introduces four representative monoterpenoids. Finally, we outline the future prospects for efficient construction cell factories tailored for the production of monoterpenoids and other terpenoids.

Genomic Sequencing and Analysis of Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus Type 2 Provides Evidence for Recombination within the Prevalent Chinese Strains.

In recent years, the clinical cases of ENTV-2 infection have increased and become prevalent in several provinces of China. In this study, we reported the occurrence of ENTV-2 in one goat farm in Chongqing, southwest China. The complete genome of an emerged ENTV-2 isolate (designated as CQ2) was sequenced with 7468 bp in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ENTV-2 consisted of two main lineages. Lineage 1 was composed of Chinese strains and could be subdivided into five sublineages. CQ2 and the other six recent isolates from China were clustered in sublineage 1.5; however, CQ2 was significantly different from the other six isolates. Furthermore, recombination analysis suggested that CQ2 might be a recombinant variant derived from sublineage 1.5 and sublineage 1.2 strains, with the recombination region in areas of pro and pol genes. In conclusion, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a potential ENTV-2 recombinant, which may contribute to our understanding of the genetic variation and evolution of ENTV-2 in China.

The role of electrocatalytic materials for developing post-lithium metal||sulfur batteries.

The exploration of post-Lithium (Li) metals, such as Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), and Zinc (Zn), for electrochemical energy storage has been driven by the limited availability of Li and the higher theoretical specific energies compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Post-Li metal||S batteries have emerged as a promising system for practical applications. Yet, the insufficient understanding of quantitative cell parameters and the mechanisms of sulfur electrocatalytic conversion hinder the advancement of these battery technologies. This perspective offers a comprehensive analysis of electrode parameters, including S mass loading, S content, electrolyte/S ratio, and negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, in establishing the specific energy (Wh kg-1) of post-Li metal||S batteries. Additionally, we critically evaluate the progress in investigating electrochemical sulfur conversion via homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalytic approaches in both non-aqueous Na/K/Mg/Ca/Al||S and aqueous Zn||S batteries. Lastly, we provide a critical outlook on potential research directions for designing practical post-Li metal||S batteries.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of six antibiotics in treating MRSA infections: A network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study conducted a network meta-analysis comparing linezolid, teicoplanin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and ceftaroline fosamil with vancomycin for treating MRSA-related diseases, addressing the lack of comprehensive evaluations in existing research on antibiotic therapy for MRSA infections. METHODS: We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Librar up to August 22, 2023. All eligible randomized controlled trials of the six antibiotics were included in the NMA, and their effectiveness and safety were compared across various MRSA-related diseases. Categorical data were used for the odds ratio (OR), and continuous data were used for mean difference (SMD). The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was employed to evaluate the incidence rate. RESULTS: According to SUCRA results, daptomycin was the most effective treatment (73.0%) in bloodstream infections. In pulmonary infections and skin and soft tissue infections, linezolid out-performed other antibiotics in effectiveness rate (90.6% and 86.3%), microbial killing rate (93.3% and 93.1%). Vancomycin showed lower adverse reactions than teicoplanin, with less hepatotoxicity compared to linezolid and tigecycline. Linezolid had higher thrombocytopenia risk but lower nephrotoxicity risk than others. Vancomycin was less effective in microbial killing rates than linezolid across various infections. CONCLUSION: The present research suggests that in pulmonary infections and skin and soft tissue infections, linezolid may be a better option for treating MRSA-related diseases. However, caution is warranted due to the association of linezolid with thrombocytopenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Our study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of SystematicReviews (PROSPERO); Registration number: CRD42024535142.

Inorganic Composition Modulation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries.

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with lithium fluoride (LiF) is critical to the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to its high stability and mechanical properties. However, the low Li ion conductivity of LiF impedes the rapid diffusion of Li ions in the SEI, which leads to localized Li ion oversaturation dendritic deposition and hinders the practical applications of LMBs at high-current regions (>3 C). To address this issue, a fluorophosphated SEI rich with fast ion-diffusing inorganic grain boundaries (LiF/Li3P) is introduced. By utilizing a sol electrolyte that contains highly dispersed porous LiF nanoparticles modified with phosphorus-containing functional groups, a fluorophosphated SEI is constructed and the presence of electrochemically active Li within these fast ion-diffusing grain boundaries (GBs-Li) that are non-nucleated is demonstrated, ensuring the stability of the Li || NCM811 cell for over 1000 cycles at fast-charging rates of 5 C (11 mA cm-2). Additionally, a practical, long cycling, and intrinsically safe LMB pouch cell with high energy density (400 Wh kg-1) is fabricated. The work reveals how SEI components and structure design can enable fast-charging LMBs.

Intervention of Asprosin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neointima Formation in Vascular Injury.

Aims: Asprosin, a newly discovered hormone, is linked to insulin resistance. This study shows the roles of asprosin in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and neointima formation of vascular injury. Methods: Mouse aortic VSMCs were cultured, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was used to induce oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration in VSMCs. Vascular injury was induced by repeatedly moving a guidewire in the lumen of the carotid artery in mice. Results: Asprosin overexpression promoted VSMC oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration, which were attenuated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockdown, antioxidant (N-Acetylcysteine, NAC), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor ML171, or NOX2 inhibitor GSK2795039. Asprosin overexpression increased NOX1/2 expressions, whereas asprosin knockdown increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) expressions. Asprosin inhibited nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Nrf2 activator sulforaphane increased HO-1 and NQO-1 expressions and prevented asprosin-induced NOX1/2 upregulation, oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration. Exogenous asprosin protein had similar roles to asprosin overexpression. PDGF-BB increased asprosin expressions. PDGF-BB-induced oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration were enhanced by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 but attenuated by asprosin knockdown. Vascular injury increased asprosin expression. Local asprosin knockdown in the injured carotid artery promoted HO-1 and NQO-1 expressions but attenuated the NOX1 and NOX2 upregulation, oxidative stress, neointima formation, and vascular remodeling in mice. Innovation and Conclusion: Asprosin promotes oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs via TLR4-Nrf2-mediated redox imbalance. Inhibition of asprosin expression attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration, oxidative stress, and neointima formation in the injured artery. Asprosin might be a promising therapeutic target for vascular injury.

Pan-cancer analysis of super-enhancer-induced LINC00862 and validation as a SIRT1-promoting factor in cervical cancer and gastric cancer.

Immune checkpoints inhibitors are effective but it needs more precise biomarkers for patient selection. We explored the biological significance of LINC00862 in pan-cancer by bioinformatics. And we studied its regulatory mechanisms using chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation assays etc. TCGA and single-cell sequencing data analysis indicated that LINC00862 was overexpressed in the majority of tumor and stromal cells, which was related with poor prognosis. LINC00862 expression was related with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints expression, and had a high predictive value for immunotherapy efficacy. Mechanistically, LINC00862 competitively bound to miR-29c-3p to unleash SIRT1's tumor-promoting function. SIRT1 inhibitor-EX527 were screened by virtual screening and verified by in vitro and vivo assays. Notably, acetyltransferase P300-mediated super-enhancer activity stimulated LINC00862 transcription. Collectively, LINC00862 could be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. LINC00862 could also be a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy. Super-enhancer activity is the driver for LINC00862 overexpression in cervical cancer and gastric cancer.

A comprehensive review on the recent advances for 5-aminolevulinic acid production by the engineered bacteria.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid essential for synthesizing tetrapyrrole compounds, including heme, chlorophyll, cytochrome, and vitamin B12. As a plant growth regulator, 5-ALA is extensively used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and quality. The complexity and low yield of chemical synthesis methods have led to significant interest in the microbial synthesis of 5-ALA. Advanced strategies, including the: enhancement of precursor and cofactor supply, compartmentalization of key enzymes, product transporters engineering, by-product formation reduction, and biosensor-based dynamic regulation, have been implemented in bacteria for 5-ALA production, significantly advancing its industrialization. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in 5-ALA production using engineered bacteria and presents new insights to propel the field forward.

Dynamics design of a non-natural transcription factor responding to androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.

The production of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) by the steroidal microbial cell factory requires transcription factors (TFs) to participate in metabolic regulation. However, microbial cell factory lacks effective TFs that can respond to AD in its metabolic pathway. Additionally, finding and obtaining natural TFs that specifically respond to AD is a complex and onerous task. In this study, we devised an artificial TF that responds to AD, termed AdT, based on structure-guided molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. According to MD analysis of the conformational changes of AdT after binding to AD, an LBD in which the N- and C-termini exhibited convergence tendencies was used as a microswitch to guide the assembly of a DNA-binding domain lexA, a linker (GGGGS)2, and a transcription activation domain B42 into an artificial TF. As a proof of design, a AD biosensor was designed and constructed in yeast on the basis of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of hormone receptor. In addition, the transcription factor activity of AdT was increased by 1.44-fold for its variant F320Y. Overall, we created non-natural TF elements for AD microbial cell factory, and expected that the design TF strategy will be applied to running in parallel to the signaling machinery of the host cell.

Development and applications of genome-scale metabolic network models.

The genome-scale metabolic network model is an effective tool for characterizing the gene-protein-response relationship in the entire metabolic pathway of an organism. By combining various algorithms, the genome-scale metabolic network model can effectively simulate the influence of a specific environment on the physiological state of cells, optimize the culture conditions of strains, and predict the targets of genetic modification to achieve targeted modification of strains. In this review, we summarize the whole process of model building, sort out the various tools that may be involved in the model building process, and explain the role of various algorithms in model analysis. In addition, we also summarized the application of GSMM in network characteristics, cell phenotypes, metabolic engineering, etc. Finally, we discuss the current challenges facing GSMM.

From 2D to 3D: automatic measurement of the Cobb angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with the weight-bearing 3D imaging.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) necessitates accurate spinal curvature assessment for effective clinical management. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) Cobb angle measurements have been the standard, but the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) automatic measurement techniques, such as those using weight-bearing 3D imaging (WR3D), presents an opportunity to enhance the accuracy and comprehensiveness of AIS evaluation. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare traditional 2D Cobb angle measurements with 3D automatic measurements utilizing the WR3D imaging technique in patients with AIS. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A cohort of 53 AIS patients was recruited, encompassing 88 spinal curves, for comparative analysis. PATIENT SAMPLE: The patient sample consisted of 53 individuals diagnosed with AIS. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cobb angles were calculated using the conventional 2D method and three different 3D methods: the Analytical Method (AM), the Plane Intersecting Method (PIM), and the Plane Projection Method (PPM). METHODS: The 2D cobb angle was manually measured by 3 experienced clinicians with 2D frontal whole-spine radiographs. For 3D cobb angle measurements, the spine and femoral heads were segmented from the WR3D images using a 3D-UNet deep-learning model, and the automatic calculations of the angles were performed with the 3D slicer software. RESULTS: AM and PIM estimates were found to be significantly larger than 2D measurements. Conversely, PPM results showed no statistical difference compared to the 2D method. These findings were consistent in a subgroup analysis based on 2D Cobb angles. CONCLUSION: Each 3D measurement method provides a unique assessment of spinal curvature, with PPM offering values closely resembling 2D measurements, while AM and PIM yield larger estimations. The utilization of WR3D technology alongside deep learning segmentation ensures accuracy and efficiency in comparative analyses. However, additional studies, particularly involving patients with severe curves, are required to validate and expand on these results. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate measurement method considering the imaging modality and clinical context when assessing AIS, and it also underlines the need for continuous refinement of these techniques for optimal use in clinical decision-making and patient management.