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OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess Long COVID sexual dysfunction among both sexes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study at a multidisciplinary COVID clinic. Consecutive patients answered a symptom-based questionnaire, which included sexual dysfunction. Individuals reporting any degree of sexual dysfunction were compared with those who denied. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors. A principal component analysis was implemented to explore other symptoms associated with sexual dysfunction. RESULTS: All in all, 391 individuals recovering from COVID-19 completed the questionnaire, 211 women and 180 men. Mean age was 45.2 (SD 15.4) years. Most (280, 85.9%) had mild COVID-19, assessed at a median of 3.8 (IQR 2.0) months from diagnosis. Sexual dysfunction was reported by 55 (36%) of the men and 48 (28%) of the women. Increased age [per year; men OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.02-1.08)], long COVID cough [men 2.58 (1.05-6.32)], chest pain [women 3.54 (1.28-9.80)], irritability [women 3.45 (1.28-9.29)], paresthesia [men 4.23 (1.55-10.44); women 3.08 (1.14-8.32)], and emotional distress [men 3.26 (1.36-7.82); women 4.29 (1.65-11.18)] were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. In women, sexual dysfunction was part of the emotional pattern, while among men, it was part of the emotional and pulmonary patterns. CONCLUSION: Sexual dysfunction is a common manifestation of long COVID in both men and women. Presence of other long COVID symptoms, and older age, are associated with this phenomenon. Further studies should explore the mechanisms for long COVID sexual dysfunction in both men and women, as well as strategies for prevention and treatment.
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OBJECTIVES: Discrepancies between ClinicalTrials.gov entries and matching publications were previously described in general medicine. We aimed to evaluate the consistency of reporting in trials addressing systemic antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for completed phase III trials comparing antibiotic regimens until May 2017. Matched publications were identified in PubMed. Two independent reviewers extracted data and identified inconsistencies. Reporting was assessed among studies started before and after 1 July 2005, when the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) required mandatory registration as a prerequisite for considering a trial for publication. RESULTS: Matching publications were identified for 75 (70%) of 107 ClinicalTrials.gov entries. Median time from study completion to publication was 26 months (interquartile range 19-42). Primary outcome definition was inconsistent between ClinicalTrials.gov and publications in seven trials (7/72, 10%) and reporting of the primary outcome timeframe was inconsistent in 14 (14/71, 20%). Secondary outcomes definitions were inconsistent in 36 trials (36/66, 55%). Reporting of inclusion criteria and study timeline were inconsistent in 17% (13/65) and 3% (2/65), respectively. Trials started after July 2005 were significantly less likely to have reporting inconsistencies and were published in higher impact factor journals. CONCLUSIONS: We found a lower inconsistency rate of outcome reporting compared with other medical disciplines. Reporting completeness and consistency were significantly better after July 2005. The ICMJE requirement for mandatory registration was associated with significant improvement in reporting quality in infectious diseases trials. Prolonged time lag to publication and missing data from unpublished trials should raise a discussion on current reporting and publishing procedures.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como Assunto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Editoração , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , PublicaçõesRESUMO
Endoscopic imaging below tissue surfaces and through turbid media may provide improved diagnostic capabilities and visibility in surgical settings. Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) is a recently developed method that utilizes a single optical fiber, miniature optics and a diffractive grating for high-speed imaging through small diameter, flexible endoscopic probes. SEE has also been shown to provide three-dimensional topological imaging capabilities. In this paper, we have configured SEE to additionally image beneath tissue surfaces, by increasing the system's sensitivity and acquiring the complex spectral density for each spectrally resolved point on the sample. In order to demonstrate the capability of SEE to obtain subsurface information, we have utilized the system to image a resolution target through intralipid solution, and conduct volumetric imaging of a mouse embryo and excised human middle-ear ossicles. Our results demonstrate that real-time subsurface imaging is possible with this miniature endoscopy technique.
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Compressão de Dados/métodos , Endoscópios , Aumento da Imagem/instrumentação , Imageamento Tridimensional/instrumentação , Microscopia/instrumentação , Análise Espectral/instrumentação , Tomografia Óptica/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Estudos de ViabilidadeRESUMO
Imaging large tissue areas with microscopic resolution in vivo may offer an alternative to random excisional biopsy. We present an approach for performing confocal imaging of large tissue surface areas using spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM). We demonstrate a single-optical-fiber SECM apparatus, designed for imaging luminal organs, that is capable of imaging with a transverse resolution of 2.1 microm over a subsurface area of 16 cm2 in less than 1 min. Due to the unique probe configuration and scanning geometry, the speed and resolution of this new imaging technology are sufficient for comprehensively imaging large tissues areas at a microscopic scale in times that are appropriate for clinical use.
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Intestinos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Microscopia Confocal/instrumentação , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Imagens de Fantasmas , SuínosRESUMO
We present a novel heterodyne approach for performing fast, three-dimensional spectrally encoded imaging. Volumetric data of a volunteer's finger and of coin surfaces were acquired at a rate of 5 volume sets per second with a depth resolution of 145 microm.
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Endoscópios , Dedos/anatomia & histologia , Aumento da Imagem/instrumentação , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/instrumentação , Interferometria/instrumentação , Análise Espectral/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Interferometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
Endoscopes employing a single optical fiber may have advantages over conventional fiber-bundle or CCD array imaging techniques, including the potential for greater flexibility and miniaturization. Although single-mode fibers can provide superior resolution compared with multimode fibers, they are prone to increased speckle noise and suffer from limited optical throughput and reduced depth of field. We demonstrate the use of a double-clad fiber for single-mode illumination and multimode detection to achieve high-resolution, reduced-speckle imaging with high optical throughput and a large depth of field.
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Endoscópios , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/instrumentação , Aumento da Imagem/instrumentação , Endoscopia/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/métodos , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Fibras Ópticas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A method for three-dimensional surface measurements with phase-sensitive spectrally encoded imaging is demonstrated. Both transverse and depth information is transmitted through a single-mode optical fiber, allowing this scheme to be incorporated into a miniature probe. This approach is demonstrated by measurement of the profile of a lens surface and by three-dimensional imaging of the face of a small doll.
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Imageamento Tridimensional , Modelos Teóricos , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Imageamento Tridimensional/instrumentação , Fibras ÓpticasRESUMO
A laser scanning microscope using third-harmonic generation as a probe is shown to produce high-resolution images of transparent biological specimens. Third harmonic light is generated by a tightly focused short-pulse laser beam and collected point-by-point to form a digital image. Demonstrations with two biological samples are presented. Live neurons in a cell culture are imaged with clear and detailed images, including organelles at the threshold of optical resolution. Internal organelles of yeast cells are also imaged, demonstrating the ability of the technique for cellular and intracellular imaging.
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A practical adaptive method for femtosecond optical pulse compression is demonstrated experimentally for the first time to our knowledge. The method is robust and capable of handling the general case of pulse compression, in which the input pulses are completely uncharacterized or partially characterized.