The interplay between metal ions and immune cells in glioma: pathways to immune escape.

This review explores the intricate roles of metal ions-iron, copper, zinc, and selenium-in glioma pathogenesis and immune evasion. Dysregulated metal ion metabolism significantly contributes to glioma progression by inducing oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating immune cell functions. Iron accumulation enhances oxidative DNA damage, copper activates hypoxia-inducible factors to stimulate angiogenesis, zinc influences cell proliferation and apoptosis, and selenium modulates the tumor microenvironment through its antioxidant properties. These metal ions also facilitate immune escape by upregulating immune checkpoints and secreting immunosuppressive cytokines. Targeting metal ion pathways with therapeutic strategies such as chelating agents and metalloproteinase inhibitors, particularly in combination with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy, shows promise in improving treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance. Future research should leverage advanced bioinformatics and integrative methodologies to deepen the understanding of metal ion-immune interactions, ultimately identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to enhance glioma management and patient outcomes.

Disulfide-stabilized Trimeric Hemagglutinin Ectodomains Provide Enhanced Heterologous Influenza Protection.

Influenza virus infection poses a continual menace to public health. Here, we developed soluble trimeric HA ectodomain vaccines by establishing interprotomer disulfide bonds in the stem region, which effectively preserve the native antigenicity of stem epitopes. The stable trimeric H1 ectodomain proteins exhibited higher thermal stabilities in comparison with unmodified HAs and showed strong binding activities towards a panel of anti-stem cross-reactive antibodies that recognize either interprotomer or intraprotomer epitopes. Negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the stable trimer architecture of the interprotomer disulfide-stapled WA11#5, NC99#2, and FLD#1 proteins as well as the irregular aggregation of unmodified HA molecules. Immunizations of mice with those trimeric HA ectodomain vaccines formulated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited significantly more potent cross-neutralizing antibody responses and offered broader immuno-protection against lethal infections with heterologous influenza strains compared to unmodified HA proteins. Additionally, the findings of our study indicate that elevated levels of HA stem-specific antibody responses correlate with strengthened cross-protections. Our design strategy has proven effective in trimerizing HA ectodomains derived from both influenza A and B viruses, thereby providing a valuable reference for designing future influenza HA immunogens.

Exploring the recycled water acceptance based on the technological perspective of UTAUT2: a hybrid analytical approach.

Introduction: The development of advanced sewage technologies empowers the industry to produce high-quality recycled water, which greatly influences human's life and health. Thus, this study investigates the mechanism of individuals' adoption of recycled water from the technology adoption perspective. Methods: Employing the mixed method of structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analysis, we examined a research model developed from the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) framework. To examine the research model, this study employs a leading web-survey company (Sojump) to collect 308 valid samples from the residents in mainland China. Results: The structural equation modeling results verified the associations between the six predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, environmental motivation, and price value), individuals' cognitive and emotional attitudes, and acceptance intention. The artificial neural network analysis validates and complements the structural equation modeling results by unveiling the importance rank of the significant determinants of the acceptance decisions. Discussion: The study provides theoretical implications for recycled water research and useful insights for practitioners and policymakers to reduce the environmental hazards of water scarcity.

Prevalence of subthreshold depression and its related factors in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students and to explore the related factors. Methods: The research subjects were Chinese college students participating in the "2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR-2022)". Data on respondents' general characteristics, quality of life, perceived pressure, family communication, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and depression status were gathered. To investigate the association between each variable and the risk of subthreshold depression, statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and rank sum tests were conducted. Furthermore, a binary stepwise logistic regression was employed to establish the regression model of the factors related to subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. Results: A prevalence of subthreshold depression of about 39.7 % was found among the 8934 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who are female, have chronic diseases, are in debt, experience significant impacts from epidemic control policies, have lower self-assessed quality of life, experience challenges in family communication, perceive lower social support, have lower self-efficacy, and feel higher perceived pressure are more likely to develop subthreshold depression compared to the control group. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students was found to be approximately 40 %. Female college students suffering from chronic diseases, with households in debt, greatly impacted by epidemic control policies, and experiencing high perceived stress, may be at risk for subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. On the other hand, strong family communication, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were identified as potential protective factors. In order to facilitate timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment of subthreshold depression in Chinese college students, it is crucial for the government, local communities, colleges, and families to prioritize the mental health of college students and implement targeted measures accordingly.

Exploring drug repositioning possibilities of kinase inhibitors via molecular simulation.

Kinases, a class of enzymes controlling various substrates phosphorylation, are pivotal in both physiological and pathological processes. Although their conserved ATP binding pockets pose challenges for achieving selectivity, this feature offers opportunities for drug repositioning of kinase inhibitors (KIs). This study presents a cost-effective in silico prediction of KIs drug repositioning via analyzing cross-docking results. We established the KIs database (278 unique KIs, 1834 bioactivity data points) and kinases database (357 kinase structures categorized by the DFG motif) for carrying out cross-docking. Comparative analysis of the docking scores and reported experimental bioactivity revealed that the Atypical, TK, and TKL superfamilies are suitable for drug repositioning. Among these kinase superfamilies, Olverematinib, Lapatinib, and Abemaciclib displayed enzymatic activity in our focused AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathway with IC50 values of 3.3, 3.2 and 5.8 µM. Further cell assays showed IC50 values of 0.2, 1.2 and 0.6 µM in tumor cells. The consistent result between prediction and validation demonstrated that repositioning KIs via in silico method is feasible.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Photodetectors.

The unique and interesting physical and chemical properties of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have recently attracted extensive attention in a new generation of photoelectric applications. In this review, we summarized and discussed the research progress on MOF-based photodetectors. The methods of preparing MOF-based photodetectors and various types of MOF single crystals and thin film as well as MOF composites are introduced in details. Additionally, the photodetectors applications for X-ray, ultraviolet and infrared light, biological detectors, and circularly polarized light photodetectors are discussed. Furthermore, summaries and challenges are provided for this important research field.

Deciphering the Dual Roles of an Alginate-Based Biodegradable Flocculant in Anaerobic Fermentation of Waste Activated Sludge: Dewaterability and Degradability.

Biodegradable flocculants are rarely used in waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation. This study introduces an alginate-based biodegradable flocculant (ABF) to enhance both the dewatering and degradation of WAS during its fermentation. Alginate was identified in structural extracellular polymeric substances (St-EPS) of WAS, with alginate-producing bacteria comprising ∼4.2% of the total bacterial population in WAS. Owing to its larger floc size, higher contact angle, and lower free energy resulting from the Lewis acid-base interaction, the addition of the prepared ABF with a network structure significantly improved the dewaterability of WAS and reduced capillary suction time (CST) by 72%. The utilization of ABF by an enriched alginate-degrading consortium (ADC) resulted in a 35.5% increase in the WAS methane yield owing to its higher hydrolytic activity on both ABF and St-EPS. Additionally, after a 30 day fermentation, CST decreased by 62% owing to the enhanced degradation of St-EPS (74.4%) and lower viscosity in the WAS + ABF + ADC group. The genus Bacteroides, comprising 12% of ADC, used alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) and pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2 and EC 4.2.2.9) to degrade alginate and polygalacturonate in St-EPS, respectively. Therefore, this study introduces a new flocculant and elucidates its dual roles in enhancing both the dewaterability and degradability of WAS. These advancements improve WAS fermentation, resulting in higher methane production and lower CSTs.

Clinical Analysis and Imaging Study of Lateral Lumbar Intervertebral Fusion in the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: As the population ages and technology advances, lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion (LLIF) is gaining popularity for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). This study investigated the feasibility, minimally invasive concept, and benefits of LLIF for the treatment of DLS by observing and assessing the clinical efficacy, imaging changes, and complications following the procedure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 52 DLS patients (12 men and 40 women, aged 65.84 ± 9.873 years) who underwent LLIF from January 2019 to January 2023. The operation time, blood loss, complications, clinical efficacy indicators (visual analogue scale [VAS], Oswestry disability index [ODI], and 36-Item Short Form Survey), and imaging indicators (coronal position: Cobb angle and center sacral vertical line-C7 plumbline [CSVL-C7PL]; and sagittal position: sagittal vertical axis [SVA], lumbar lordosis [LL], pelvic incidence angle [PI], and thoracic kyphosis angle [TK] were measured). All patients were followed up. The above clinical evaluation indexes and imaging outcomes of patients postoperatively and at last follow-up were compared to their preoperative results. RESULTS: Compared to the preoperative values, the Cobb angle and LL angle were significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, CSVL-C7PL, SVA, and TK did not change much after surgery (p > 0.05) but improved significantly at follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in PI at either the postoperative or follow-up timepoint. The operation took 283.90 ± 81.62 min and resulted in a total blood loss of 257.27 ± 213.44 mL. No significant complications occurred. Patients were followed up for to 21.7 ± 9.8 months. VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores improved considerably at postoperative and final follow-up compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.001). After surgery, the Cobb angle and LL angle had improved significantly compared to preoperative values (p < 0.001). CSVL-C7PL, SVA, and TK were stable after surgery (p > 0.05) but considerably improved during follow-up (p < 0.001). PI showed no significant change at either the postoperative or follow-up timepoints. CONCLUSION: Lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion treatment of DLS significantly improved sagittal and coronal balance of the lumbar spine, as well as compensatory thoracic scoliosis, with good clinical and radiological findings. Furthermore, there was less blood, less trauma, and quicker recovery from surgery.

Influence of the examination position and distension medium on the rectal sensory test in patients with functional constipation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of two different parameters (body position and distension medium) on the rectal sensory test in patients with functional constipation and provide data support for the development of standardized operating procedures in clinical practice. METHODS: Based on a single-center process of the rectal sensory test, 39 patients with functional constipation were recruited for rectal sensory test under different body positions and distension mediums. RESULTS: Among the items of the Constipation Scoring System, the score of frequency of bowel movements showed a negative correlation with the first constant sensation volume (r = -0.323, P = 0.045). Conversely, the score of painful evacuation effort showed a positive correlation with the desire to defecate volume (r = 0.343, P = 0.033). There was a statistically significant difference in the first constant sensation volume (when the distension medium was gas) measured in different body positions (left lateral position, sitting position, squatting position), and the data measured in the squatting position were significantly higher than those in left lateral position (P < 0.05). In terms of research on distension medium, it was found that the first constant sensation volume measured in the squatting position (when the distension medium was water) was significantly lower than that of gas (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients with functional constipation, there are differences in the results of rectal sensory tests between body positions and distension mediums. When conducting multicenter studies, it is necessary to unify the standard operating procedure (SOP) for operational details to ensure consistency and reliability of the test results.

Click3D: Click reaction across deep tissues for whole-organ 3D fluorescence imaging.

Click chemistry offers various applications through efficient bioorthogonal reactions. In bioimaging, pretargeting strategies have often been used, using click reactions between molecular probes with a click handle and reporter molecules that make them observable. Recent efforts have integrated tissue-clearing techniques with fluorescent labeling through click chemistry, allowing high-resolution three-dimensional fluorescence imaging. Nevertheless, these techniques have faced a challenge in limited staining depth, confining their use to imaging tissue sections or partial organs. In this study, we introduce Click3D, a method for thoroughly staining whole organs using click chemistry. We identified click reaction conditions that improve staining depth with our custom-developed assay. The Click3D protocol exhibits a greater staining depth compared to conventional methods. Using Click3D, we have successfully achieved whole-kidney imaging of nascent RNA and whole-tumor imaging of hypoxia. We have also accomplished whole-brain imaging of hypoxia by using the clickable hypoxia probe, which has a small size and, therefore, has high permeability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Synthesis of micro-crosslinked adamantane-containing matrix resins designed for deep-UV lithography resists and their application in nanoimprint lithography.

A certain type of photoresist used for deep-UV lithography (DUVL) can also be used for other types of photolithography. Thus, to meet the requirements of two or more lithography technologies simultaneously, it is necessary to design a variety of corresponding functional groups in the molecules of materials and obtain the required properties. Herein, we designed four matrix resins based on acrylate for DUVL, employing alkyl sulfide, adamantane, methyladamantane, and hydroxyl as dangling groups and a microcrosslinking network by adding a small amount of crosslinker. These polymers were used in the thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process, and distinct patterns with a resolution of 100 nm were observed. The acrylate copolymers designed for DUVL in this work can be used as thermal NIL resists and to obtain good patterns. It was found that ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and adamantane endowed the matrix resins with good thermal stability and that PMMHM demonstrated the best patterning performance among the four resins. These polymers can be applied in the manufacturing of high-density integrated circuits, nano-transistors, optoelectronic devices and other components in the future.

Nonlinear dynamics of an interband cascade laser with optical injection.

This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.

Design, synthesis, and anti-oomycete activity of 3-acyloxymaltol/ethyl maltol derivatives.

Twenty 3-acyloxymaltol/ethyl maltol derivatives (7a-j and 8a-j) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora capsici, respectively. Among all of twenty derivatives, more than half of the compounds 7f, 7h, 8a-h and 8j had anti-oomycete activity higher than the positive control zoxamide (EC50 = 22.23 mg/L), and the EC50 values of 18.66, 20.32, 12.80, 16.18, 10.59, 14.98, 16.80, 10.36, 15.32, 12.64, and 13.59 mg/L, respectively. Especially, compounds 8c and 8f exhibited the best anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 10.59 and 10.36 mg/L, respectively. Overall, hydroxyl group of maltol/ethyl maltol is important active modification site.

Unveiling the Roles of Alloyed Boron in Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using Borohydride-Synthesized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron: Electron Donor and Antipassivator.

Nanoscale zerovalent iron synthesized using borohydride (B-NZVI) has been widely applied in environmental remediation in recent decades. However, the contribution of boron in enhancing the inherent reactivity of B-NZVI and its effectiveness in removing hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] have not been well recognized and quantified. To the best of our knowledge, herein, a core-shell structure of B-NZVI featuring an Fe-B alloy shell beneath the iron oxide shell is demonstrated for the first time. Alloyed boron can reduce H+, contributing to more than 35.6% of H2 generation during acid digestion of B-NZVIs. In addition, alloyed B provides electrons for Fe3+ reduction during Cr(VI) removal, preventing in situ passivation of the reactive particle surface. Meanwhile, the amorphous oxide shell of B-NZVI exhibits an increased defect density, promoting the release of Fe2+ outside the shell to reduce Cr(VI), forming layer-structured precipitates and intense Fe-O bonds. Consequently, the surface-area-normalized capacity and surface reaction rate of B-NZVI are 6.5 and 6.9 times higher than those of crystalline NZVI, respectively. This study reveals the importance of alloyed B in Cr(VI) removal using B-NZVI and presents a comprehensive approach for investigating electron pathways and mechanisms involved in B-NZVIs for contaminant removal.

Tweety homolog 3 promotes colorectal cancer progression through mutual regulation of histone deacetylase 7.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide, with metastasis being a major cause of high mortality rates among patients. In this study, dysregulated gene Tweety homolog 3 (TTYH3) was identified by Gene Expression Omnibus database. Public databases were used to predict potential competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for TTYH3. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze TTYH3 and histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) levels. Luciferase assays confirmed miR-1271-5p directly targeting the 3' untranslated regions of TTYH3 and HDAC7. In vitro experiments such as transwell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation, as well as in vivo mouse models, were conducted to assess the biological functions of TTYH3 and HDAC7. We discovered that upregulation of TTYH3 in CRC promotes cell migration by affecting the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, which was independent of its ion channel activity. Mechanistically, TTYH3 and HDAC7 functioned as ceRNAs, reciprocally regulating each other's expression. TTYH3 competes for binding miR-1271-5p, increasing HDAC7 expression, facilitating CRC metastasis and angiogenesis. This study reveals the critical role of TTYH3 in promoting CRC metastasis through ceRNA crosstalk, offering new insights into potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.

Broadband chaos of an interband cascade laser with a 6-GHz bandwidth.

Near-infrared semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback usually produce chaos with a broad bandwidth of a few GHz. However, the reported mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) only show chaos with a limited bandwidth below 1 GHz. Here we show that an ICL with optical feedback is able to generate broadband chaos as well. The mid-infrared chaos exhibits a remarkable bandwidth of about 6 GHz, which is comparable to that of the near-infrared counterpart. In addition, the spectral coverage in the electrical domain reaches as high as 17.7 GHz. It is found that the chaos bandwidth generally broadens with increasing feedback ratio and/or increasing pump current of the laser, while it is insensitive to the feedback length.

Diaporchalasin A, a new PDE4 inhibitory cytochalasin from Conus marmoreus-derived fungus Diaporthe sp. XMA007.

A novel cytochalasin named diaporchalasin A (1) bearing a cinnamenyl and an epoxy-macrocycloketone, and a new benzenepropionic acid derivative (2), and two known compounds (3 and 4) were isolated from Conus marmoreus-derived fungus Diaporthe sp. XMA007. Their structures were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by conformational analysis and TDDFT-ECD calculation. Their activity evaluation on PDE4 inhibition and breast cancer cell cytotoxicity were conducted, and compound 1 showed moderate inhibition on PDE4.

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Antibodies Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for NSCLC in the People's Republic of China: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The available approved anticancer drugs for Chinese patients are relatively limited because of China's low participation rate in international clinical trials. Therefore, a focus on approved anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs in China is needed. This study aims to assess the heterogeneity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies manufactured in China (domestic PD-1/PD-L1) and overseas (imported PD-1/PD-L1) when combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Methods: A systematic search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library of publications up to July 13, 2023. Meta-analysis was applied to compare the efficacy and safety profile between anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies plus chemotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo) and chemotherapy alone using STATA software. Pooled hazard ratios for progression-free survival and overall survival, odds ratios for objective response rate, and incidence rate of grade greater than or equal to three treatment-related adverse events with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in the domestic group and imported group by a random-effects model, and the heterogeneity between the two estimates was assessed. Results: There were 14 eligible clinical studies with a total of 3951 patients involved in this analysis, including eight studies of domestic PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo and six studies of imported PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo. The study revealed that there was no significant difference between domestic and imported PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo in overall survival (p = 0.80), progression-free survival (p = 0.53), and incidence rate of grade greater than or equal to three treatment-related adverse events (p = 0.10). Nevertheless, the objective response rate of imported PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo was significantly higher than that of domestic PD-1/PD-L1+Chemo (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Domestic anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies plus chemotherapy were found to have comparable efficacy and safety to those combined with imported anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies based on current evidence.

Brusatol alleviates pancreatic carcinogenesis via targeting NLRP3 in transgenic Krastm4Tyj Trp53tm1Brn Tg (Pdx1-cre/Esr1*) #Dam mice.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer (PanCa), ranked as the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, exhibits an dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5 %. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a known major risk factor for PanCa. Brusatol (BRT) possesses a wide range of biological functions, including the inhibition of PanCa proliferation. However, its efficacy in halting the progression from CP to pancreatic carcinogenesis remains unexplored. METHODS: We assess the effects of BRT against pancreatic carcinogenesis from CP using an experimentally induced CP model with cerulein, and further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BRT on PanCa by employing Krastm4TyjTrp53tm1BrnTg (Pdx1-cre/Esr1*) #Dam/J (KPC) mouse model. RESULTS: Our finding demonstrated that BRT mitigated the severity of cerulein-induced pancreatitis, reduced pancreatic fibrosis and decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which is a biomarker for pancreatic fibrosis. In addition, BRT exerted effects against cerulein-induced pancreatitis via inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, BRT significantly inhibited tumor growth and impeded cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS: The observed effect of BRT on impeding pancreatic carcinogenesis through targeting NLRP3 inflammasome suggests its good potential as a potential agent for treatment of PanCa.

Value of CT-Based Deep Learning Model in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Solid Pulmonary Nodules ≤ 8 mm.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We examined the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT)-based deep learning (DL) models in differentiating benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs) ≤ 8 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study patients (n = 719) were divided into internal training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts; all had small SPNs and had undergone preoperative chest CTs and surgical resection. We developed five DL models incorporating features of the nodule and five different peri-nodular regions with the Multiscale Dual Attention Network (MDANet) to differentiate benign and malignant SPNs. We selected the best-performing model, which was then compared to four conventional algorithms (VGG19, ResNet50, ResNeXt50, and DenseNet121). Furthermore, another five DL models were constructed using MDANet to distinguish benign tumors from inflammatory nodules and the one performed best was selected out. RESULTS: Model 4, which incorporated the nodule and 15 mm peri-nodular region, best differentiated benign and malignant SPNs. The model had an area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score of 0.730, 0.724, 0.711, 0.705, and 0.707 in the external validation cohort. Model 4 also performed better than the other four conventional algorithms. Model 8, which incorporated the nodule and 10 mm peri-nodular region, was the best model for distinguishing benign tumors from inflammatory nodules. The model had an AUC, accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score of 0.871, 0.938, 0.863, 0.904, and 0.882 in the external validation cohort. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that CT-based DL models built with MDANet can accurately discriminate among small benign and malignant SPNs, benign tumors and inflammatory nodules.