Exploring the structure and hydrogen storage capacity of CeHn0/+ clusters.

The unique 4f orbitals and abundant electronic energy levels of rare earth elements enable effective doping and modification to enhance hydrogen storage performance, making it an increasingly prominent focus of research. The structures of neutral and cationic CeHn0/+ (n = 2-20) clusters have been determined using the Crystal Structure AnaLYsis by Particle Swarm Optimization (CALYPSO) method in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT). Interestingly, the CeH13 and CeH14+ exhibit remarkable stability in the doublet state with Cs and C2v symmetry, respectively. The adsorption energy of CeHn0/+ (n = 2-20) suggests a preference for H atoms to chemically adsorb on Ce atoms. The analysis of molecular orbital composition reveals that the stability of both CeH13 and CeH14+ is attributed to the significant hybridization between the H 1s and Ce 4f orbitals. Both CeH13 and CeH14+ demonstrate significant hydrogen storage capacities, with values reaching 8.5 wt% and 9.1 wt%, respectively.

Retraction Note: BNIP1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotes apoptosis by mTOR in cervical cancer cells.

The article "BNIP1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotes apoptosis by mTOR in cervical cancer cells", by F.-H. Li, L. Xiang, L. Ran, S. Zhou, Z. Huang, M. Chen, W.-F. Yu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (4): 1397-1407-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17096-PMID: 30840260 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief for the following reasons. Following some concerns raised on PubPeer regarding a possible overlap in Figure 2A, the Editor in Chief has started an investigation to assess the validity of the results as well as possible figure manipulation. The journal investigation revealed a duplication in Figure 2A between BNIP1 panels, migration and invasion, respectively and in Control and invasion panels. Consequently, the Editor in Chief mistrusts the results presented and has decided to withdraw the article. The authors have been informed about the journal's investigation but remained unresponsive. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17096 This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.

[Risk factors and prevention for implant treatment in patients with periodontitis].

In patients with periodontitis, due to problems of periodontal tissue infection as well as soft and hard tissues defects, it may lead to implant infection, gingival papilla loss, soft tissue recession and poor coordination with adjacent teeth. For such patients, periodontal infection should be actively controlled before dental implant therapy. In consideration of insufficient soft and hard tissues, alveolar ridge preservation and soft tissue augmentation procedure can be used to preserve or increase soft and hard tissues as much as possible. Multi-disciplinary treatment is often needed for occlusion problems and coordination with adjacent tooth. Periodontal maintenance treatment of implants and natural teeth is also necessary after implant therapy. This paper discussed these risk factors and strategies for prevention and control, in order to provide some clinical guidances for the implant treatment of periodontitis patients.

[Can laparoscopic surgery be the preferred strategy for gallbladder cancer?]

Gallbladder cancer, notoriously known for its high malignancy, predominantly requires radical surgery as the treatment of choice. Although laparoscopic techniques have become increasingly prevalent in abdominal surgeries in recent years, the progress of laparoscopic techniques in gallbladder cancer is relatively slow. Due to the anatomical complexity, technical difficulty, and biological features of gallbladder cancer that is prone to metastasis and dissemination, traditional open surgery is still the main surgical approach. This study aims to reappraisal the current state of laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer by appraising clinical practice and research evidence. Laparoscopic surgery for various stages of gallbladder cancer, including early, advanced, incidental, and unresectable gallbladder cancer were discussed. The promise and limitations of laparoscopic techniques are systematically explored.

The combination treatment of oncolytic adenovirus H101 with nivolumab for refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an open-label, single-arm, pilot study.

BACKGROUND: H101, an innovative oncolytic adenovirus, has shown potential in modifying the tumor microenvironment from immunologically 'cold' to 'hot'. When combined with nivolumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, this synergy may offer substantial therapeutic benefits beyond the capabilities of each agent alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this pilot study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of combining H101 with nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who failed prior systemic therapy. The participants received initial oncolytic virus (OV) pretreatment with intratumoral H101 injections (5.0 × 1011 vp/0.5 ml/vial, two vials per lesion) on days 1 and 3. Combination therapy started on day 8, with H101 administered every 2 or 4 weeks and nivolumab (240 mg) injections every 2 weeks. Treatment continued up to 12 months or until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, consent withdrawal, or study conclusion. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: Between March 2020 and March 2022, 18 of 21 screened patients were assessable, showing an ORR of 11.1% [two cases of partial response (PR) and five cases of stable disease], with extrahepatic injections often leading to favorable outcomes. The disease control rate stood at 38.9%, with a 6-month survival rate of 88.9%. Median progression-free survival was 2.69 months, and overall survival (OS) was 15.04 months. Common adverse events included low-grade fever (100%) and pain related to centesis (33.3%), and no grade 3/4 events were reported. Significantly, local H101 injection showed potential in reversing immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance, evidenced by over 2.5 years of extended OS in PR cases with low α-fetoprotein. Additionally, decreasing neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during OV pretreatment may predict positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of combining H101 with nivolumab in treating refractory advanced HCC, with well-tolerated toxicities.

[Effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions. METHODS: Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (rs = -0.750, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.

[Prevalence of taeniasis and sero - prevalence of anti - cysticercus antibody among residents in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis and cysticercosis among residents in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights for the prevention and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis. METHODS: From 2016 to 2022, Kangding City, Daocheng County, Derong County, Ruoergai County and Muli Tibetan Autonomous County were sampled from Tibetan agricultural areas of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, and 1 to 6 townships were sampled from each county (district), followed by 4 to 7 villages sampled from each township. Primary school children were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and permanent residents at ages of over 16 years were randomly sampled from each village. Participants' demographics, history of tapeworm excretion during the past year and clinical symptoms and signs of cysticercosis were collected through questionnaire surveys, and participants' stool and venous blood samples were collected. Taenia eggs were detected in stool samples using the direct smear method, and deworming was performed among taeniasis patients with areca nut-squash seeds. The tapeworm species were identified using a multiplex PCR assay, and serum specific IgG antibody against cysticercus was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: A total of 5 249 respondents participated in the questionnaire survey, including 603 respondents (11.5%) with a self-reported history of proglottids secretion during the past year. A total of 3 976 residents were subjected to stool examinations, and the detection of Taenia eggs was 6.5%. Of 258 participants undergoing deworming, there were 403 cases (94.2%) with excretions of Taenia worms or proglottids. The mean prevalence of taeniasis was 10.9% (439/4 043), and there were gender-, age- and region-specific prevalence rates of taeniasis (χ2 = 36.73, 126.31 and 163.41, all P values < 0.05). Multiplex PCR assays detected 41 cases with T. solium infections (12.5%), 197 cases with T. saginata infections (59.9%) and 91 cases with T. asiatica infections (27.6%) among 329 patients undergoing deworming, and there were region-specific prevalence rates of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica infections (χ2 = 45.39, P < 0.05). In addition, the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody was 7.0% (345/4 933), and there were age- and region-specific sero-prevalence rates of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody (χ2 = 13.49 and 51.76, both P values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple Taenia species are prevalent in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province and the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus antibody is high among residents. Monitoring and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis should be strengthened.

[Thoughts and suggestions on digital services to enhance the level of vaccination management].

With the development of information technology and the increasing demand for vaccination services among the people, it is a definite trend to enhance the quality of vaccination services through digitization. This article starts with a clear concept of digital services for vaccination, introduces the current development status in China and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing models in leading regions, takes a glean from the summation, and proposes targeted solutions. This study suggests establishing a departmental coordination mechanism for data interconnection and sharing, formulating data standards and functional specifications, enhancing the functionalities of the immunization planning information system, strengthening data collection and analytical usage, and intensifying appointment management and science and health education to provide expert guidance for the construction of digital vaccination services across the country in the future.

Vertebral fracture severity assessment on anteroposterior radiographs with a new semi-quantitative technique.

We developed a new tool to assess the severity of osteoporotic vertebral fracture using radiographs of the spine. Our technique can be used in patient care by helping to stratify patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures into appropriate treatment pathways. It can also be used for research purposes. PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to propose a semi-quantitative (SQ) grading scheme for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. METHODS: On AP radiographs, the vertebrae are divided into right and left halves, which are graded (A) vertical rectangle, (B) square, (C) traverse rectangle, and (D) trapezoid; whole vertebrae are graded (E) transverse band or (F) bow-tie. Type A and B were compared with normal and Genant SQ grade 1 OVF, Type C and D with grade 2 OVF, and Type E and F with grade 3 OVF. Spine AP radiographs and lateral radiographs of 50 females were assessed by AP radiographs SQ grading. After training, an experienced board-certified radiologist and a radiology trainee assessed the 50 AP radiographs. RESULTS: The height-to-width ratio of the half vertebrae varied 1.32-1.48. On lateral radiographs, 84 vertebrae of the 50 patients had OVFs (38 grade 1, 24 grade 2, and 22 grade 3). On AP radiographs, the radiologist correctly assigned 84.2%, 91.7%, and 77.2% and the trainee correctly assigned 68.4%, 79.2%, and 81.8% of grade 1, 2, and 3 OVFs, respectively. Compared with lateral radiographs, the radiologist had a weighted Kappa of 0.944 including normal vertebrae and 0.883 not including normal vertebrae, while the corresponding Kappa values for the trainee were 0.891 and 0.830, respectively. CONCLUSION: We propose a new semi-quantitative grading system for vertebral fracture severity assessment on AP spine radiographs.

[Epidemiological characteristics of preserved vegetable intake in adults in 10 areas of China].

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of intakes of different types of preserved vegetables in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Methods: The CKB project conducted baseline survey, the first resurvey, and the second resurvey during 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. According to the average intake levels of salted and sour pickled vegetables in the second resurvey, the 10 survey areas were classified as the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables, and the area where people rarely consumed preserved vegetables. For the first two areas, logistic regression model was used to describe the temporal trends and population distribution of preserved vegetable intake and analyze the distribution of other dietary factors. Results: The area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables included Qingdao, Harbin, Suzhou, and Zhejiang (baseline participant number: 204 036), while the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables included Gansu and Sichuan (baseline participant number: 105 573). In the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the average intake frequencies of preserved vegetables was 3.1, 3.3, and 1.8 days/week in the baseline survey, the first resurvey, and the second resurvey, respectively, showing a declining trend (P<0.001). Similarly, the average intake frequencies of preserved vegetables were 2.8, 2.7, and 1.6 days/week in the baseline survey, the first resurvey and the second resurvey in the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables (P<0.001). At baseline survey, the married and those had lower education level tended to have more preserved vegetable intakes in both areas (P<0.001). In the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the elderly had higher frequency of preserved vegetable intake (P<0.001), which was converse in the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables. In the participants with higher frequency of preserved vegetable intake, more people consumed spicy food daily and preferred salty food (P<0.05). Conclusions: The area and population specific differences in the type and frequency of preserved vegetable intake were observed in adults in the CKB project in China. Besides, the average level of preserved vegetable intake showed a declining trend. Preserved vegetable intake might be associated with other dietary habits.

Immediate implant placement for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region: a randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of immediate implantation for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region. Seventy-four molars were selected and allocated randomly to two groups. The experimental group (n = 38) received immediate implantation by flap surgery and the control group (n = 36) received delayed implantation. CBCT was performed immediately after surgery (T1) and 12 months after the permanent repair (T3). The implant survival rate at T3 was 100% in both groups. There was no significant difference in buccal or lingual vertical marginal bone loss between the groups (P = 0.515, P = 0.736). However, the buccal horizontal margin bone loss was significantly greater in the experimental group: 0.98 ± 0.34 mm vs 0.77 ± 0.27 mm in the control group (P = 0.003). In the experimental group, the highest point of buccal and lingual implant-bone contact increased at T3. The buccal and lingual jump gap widths were 3.21 ± 1.10 mm and 2.92 ± 1.01 mm at T1, and CBCT showed no jump gap around the implants at T3. The clinical outcomes showed immediate implantation to be feasible for chronic peri-apical periodontitis in the molar region.

Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the presence of sleep disturbances and their relationship with clinical and demographic variables in patients with MS, with a view to establishing correlations between the different variables and the frequency of sleep disturbances. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to detect sleep disorders. We contacted patients treated at the MS unit and distributed a questionnaire (PSQI) to 221 patients, receiving 142 usable questionnaires between 8 and 30 September 2019. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with sleep disturbances in our study was 74.7% (73.7% in women and 76.8% in men). Therefore, sleep disorders are pervasive in patients with MS, with 3 out of 4 patients experiencing them, a higher rate than that observed in the population without the disease. The frequency of sleep disorders gradually increased in line with age. In the 2 age groups analyzed, 44-54 years and 55-68 years, the proportion of moderate and severe sleep disorders was 42.8% and 53.9%, respectively. Moderate and severe sleep disturbances were observed in 27.5%, 44.7%, and 58.3% of patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 0-3, 3-6, and >6, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that sleep disorders are more common in patients with MS than in other populations. Patients with secondary progressive forms of MS more frequently present sleep disturbances, while patients with primary progressive forms report them less frequently. Age and degree of disability were positively correlated with the prevalence and severity of sleep disorders in MS patients.

[Prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores based on copro - DNA tests in Serthar County of Sichuan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control in local areas. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province in May 2021, and the host sources of stool samples and Echinococcus infections were identified using PCR assays. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was estimated in different hosts. RESULTS: A total of 583 stool samples were collected from wild carnivores, including 147 stool samples from fox, 154 from wolf, 227 from wild dogs and 11 from lynx. The overall prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.68%, 0.19% and 14.20% in canine stool samples, and no E. granulosus infection was detected in fox stool samples, while the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections was 0.68% and 47.62% in fox stool samples (χ2 = 88.41, P < 0.001). No E. granulosus or E. shiquicus infection was detected in wolf stool samples, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection was 10.39% in wolf stool samples. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.73%, 0.44% and 2.20% in canine stool samples (χ2 = 12.13, P < 0.01). In addition, the prevalence of E. multilocularis infections was significantly higher in wolf stool samples than in canine and fox stool samples (χ2 = 13.23, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of E. shiquicus infections was significantly higher in fox stool samples than in canine and wolf stool samples (χ2 = 187.01, P < 0.001). No Echinococcus infection was identified in 11 lynx stool samples. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Echinococcus infections is high in wild canines in Serthar County, Sichuan Province. Wolf, wild dog and fox all participate in the wild life cycle of E. multilocularis in Serthar County, and wolf and wild dogs may play a more important role.

[Driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation strategy reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in patients recovered from COVID-19].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of lung protective ventilation strategy (LPVS) guided by driving pressure for preventing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients recovered from COVID-19 and optimize intraoperative respiratory management. METHODS: From December, 2022 to February, 2023, a total of 118 patients recovered from COVID-19 within a month (ASA Ⅰ~Ⅲ, aged ≥18 years) undergoing elective non-cardiac surgeries under general anesthesia in our hospital were randomized equally into LPVS group and control group.The patients in LPVS group received a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg with an individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure and lung re-expansion every 30 min, and those in the control group received conventional mechanical ventilation.The incidence of PPCs and hypoxemia and pulmonary ultrasound score of the patients were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between LPVS group and the control group (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, LPVS group showed significantly lower incidences of PPCs (16.95%vs 35.59%, χ2=5.294, P=0.021) and hypoxemia (15.25%vs 30.51%, χ2=3.890, P=0.049) with also lower pulmonary ultrasound scores (5.31±1.07 vs 8.32±2.34, t=8.986, P<0.001).The PEEP value, airway pressure and plateau pressure in LPVS group were significantly higher, but the driving pressure and the tidal volume were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LPVS guided by driving pressure can improve oxygenation and reduce the risk of PPCs in patients recently recovered from COVID-19.

Inulin-induced differences on serum extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs in dairy cows suffering from subclinical mastitis.

MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles vary with the nutritional and pathological conditions of cattle. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inulin supplement on miRNA profiles derived from serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our goal was to determine the differences in miRNA expressions and analyse the pathways in which they are involved. Based on the results of California mastitis test and milk somatic cell counts, ten lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were randomly divided into two groups: an inulin group and a control group (n = 5 in each group). The inulin group received a daily supplement of 300 g of inulin while the control group did not receive any supplementation. After a 5-week treatment period, serum-derived EV-miRNAs from each cow were isolated. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. GO and KEGG bioinformatics analysis was performed to examine the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs. The EV-RNA concentration and small RNA content were not affected by the inulin treatment. A total of 162 known miRNAs and 180 novel miRNAs were identified from 10 samples in the two groups. Among the known miRNAs, 23 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the two groups, with 18 upregulated and five downregulated in the inulin group compared to the control group. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of these differentially expressed miRNAs in the regulation of cell structure and function, lipid oxidation and metabolism, immunity and inflammation, as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients. Overall, our study provides a molecular-level explanation for the reported beneficial health effects of inulin supplementation in cows with subclinical mastitis.

[Current situation and trend of medical laboratory results homogeneity management].

Medical test results are indispensable and important tools in diagnosis and treatment services. It is necessary to promote the homogenization of test results first, because homogenization is the basis for mutual recognition of test results. Mutual recognition of medical test results can help share resources among medical institutions, provide more reliable test results for early prevention, screening and treatment of diseases, and reduce repeated tests, thus improving people's medical experience. In recent years, with the deepening of medical system reform and the promotion of graded diagnosis and treatment, governments have continuously introduced policies of mutual recognition of test results around country. However, homogenization is a prerequisite for mutual recognition of test results, with the emergence of intelligent medicine in the era of internet big data, opportunities and challenges coexist in the development of homogeneity management. In the future, the homogeneity of medical test results will present a trend of digitalization, automation, informatization and intelligence.

[A clustered epidemic investigation of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact of HIV in Zhejiang Province].

Objective: To identify the transmission relationship between HIV infection cases the non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact in Zhejiang Province. Methods: When HIV positive was informed during January 2020 to January 2022, the staff conducted an epidemiological investigation to collect cases information on sociodemographic characteristics, mobility information, past HIV testing history, high-risk sexual behaviors, sexual partners, and etcetera. At the same time, 6-8 ml of blood from the new diagnosis of people infected with HIV before antiviral treatment was collected to separate the bleeding plasma. pol gene was amplified by nucleic acid extraction and PCR, sequenced by Sequencer 5.0 software, and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to draw HIV molecular transmission network. Results: From January 2020 to January 2022, 88 HIV infected individuals were found in Pujiang County, of which 74 were transmitted through heterosexual transmission, of which 31 were infected through non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact. Preliminary case studies have found that three female cases have engaged in unprotected non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact with one male case. Among the 4 infected individuals, 2 of their spouses tested positive for HIV antibodies. Molecular transmission network monitoring was carried out on 65 newly diagnosed cases of heterosexual transmission with acquired sequences, forming 9 transmission clusters. The largest cluster contained 10 cases. A total of 11 HIV-infected individuals were involved in this HIV cluster epidemic. They were 3 males and 8 females, all over 50 years old and were farmers or rural housewives. They were traced to 7 sexual partners (6 negatives of HIV, 1 undetected). Among the 18 respondents' sexual social network relationships, there were 6 couples, 8 permanent partners, and 3 temporary partners. Among 11 HIV infected individuals, there were 9 cases of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual transmission and 2 cases of intramarital transmission. The epidemiological association between 7 non-married non-commercial heterosexual partners and case 2 (56-year-old male farmer), 3 cases confirmed by epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission cluster results, 3 cases confirmed by molecular transmission cluster and epidemiological investigation results, and 1 case confirmed by epidemiological investigation results. Conclusions: The transmission mode of this cluster epidemic was to spread HIV through heterosexual sex with a male case as the core, then cause the transmission within marriage and between fixed sexual partners. The combination of epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission network traceability survey supports the conclusion of this study.

[Molecular epidemiological study on rubella virus circulating in Yunnan Province during 2011-2021].

Objective: To understand the genotype distribution and transmission pattern of rubella virus (RuV) circulating in Yunnan Province. Methods: Throat swab samples were collected from rubella outbreaks and sporadic cases in nine prefectures/cities of Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2021. Virus isolation, amplification of target genes and sequence determination were performed on the RuV-positive samples. The genotypes and lineages of Yunnan strains were determined by comparing them with the reference strains, and further phylogenetic analysis was performed with Yunnan strains and strains circulating in other provinces of China during the same period. Results: RuV circulating in Yunnan province during 2011-2021 showed significant genetic diversity, and three lineages, 1E-L1, 2B-L1 and 1E-L2, were detected. Two lineage-switches were also identified, including the conversion of 1E-L1 to 2B-L1 between 2012 and 2013, and the replacement of 2B-L1 to 1E-L2 after 2018. The time of the switches was basically consistent with the outbreak in Yunnan province in 2012 and the time of the rubella reemergence and epidemic between 2018 and 2019. The amino acid sequence of RuV virus strains in Yunnan province was highly conserved, and no important functional regions were changed. Conclusions: The transmission pattern of RuV in Yunnan province is generally consistent with the epidemic trend of RuV in other provinces of China.

[Management of liver transplantation perioperative period in acute-on-chronic liver failure].

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a potentially reversible entity that occurs in patients with chronic liver disease accompanied with or without cirrhosis and is characterized by extrahepatic organ failure and high short-term mortality. Currently, the most effective treatment method for patients with ACLF is liver transplantation; therefore, admission timing and contraindications must be emphasized. The function of vital organs such as the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys should be actively supported and protected during the liver transplantation perioperative period in patients with ACLF. Focusing on the anesthesia management level during anesthesia selection, intraoperative monitoring, three-stage management, prevention and treatment of post-perfusion syndrome, monitoring and management of coagulation function, volume monitoring and management, and body temperature monitoring management for liver transplantation should strengthen anesthesia management. Additionally, standard postoperative intensive care treatment should be recommended, and grafts and other vital organ functions should be monitored throughout the perioperative period to promote early postoperative recovery in patients with ACLF.