Prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms across trimesters: a study of 110,584 pregnant women covered by a mobile app-based screening programme in Shenzhen, China.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal depression is a significant public health issue affecting pregnant women both globally and in China. Using data from a mobile app-based screening programme, this study explored the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms across different trimesters in Shenzhen. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women who gave birth in any hospital in Shenzhen between July 2021 and May 2022 and underwent depression screening using an official maternal and infant health mobile app at least once during pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with cut-off scores of 5 and 10 for mild and high level of symptoms, respectively. The prevalence for each trimester was determined by calculating the proportion of women scoring 5 or higher. A variety of sociodemographic, obstetric, psychological, and lifestyle factors were assessed for their association with depressive symptoms. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify significant predictors. RESULTS: A total of 110,584 pregnant women were included in the study, with an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms of 18.0% and a prevalence of high-level symptoms of 4.2%. Depressive symptoms were most prevalent in the first trimester (10.9%) and decreased in the second (6.2%) and third trimesters (6.3%). Only a small proportion (0.4%) of women showed persistent depressive symptoms across all trimesters. Anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy emerged as the most significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Other factors linked to an increased risk throughout pregnancy include lower marital satisfaction, living with parents-in-law, experience of negative life events, as well as drinking before and during pregnancy. Factors associated with a reduced risk throughout pregnancy include multiparity and daily physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms in Shenzhen. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups and the integration of mental health care into routine antenatal services. Continuous, dynamic monitoring of depressive symptoms for pregnant women and ensuring at-risk women receive comprehensive follow-up and appropriate psychological or psychiatric care are crucial for effectively addressing antenatal depression and improving maternal and infant health outcomes.

The shell formation mechanism of Turbo argyrostomus based on ultrastructure and transcriptome analysis.

The gold inner shell of Turbo argyrostomus is an important morphological classification characteristic in Gastropoda. However, the gene sets responsible for shell formation in gastropods remain poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Alcian blue staining-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. The SEM results illustrated that the T. argyrostomus shell exhibited a special "sandwich" microstructure. The results of histological observation demonstrated two major cell types: adipocytes and mucin cells. A total of 318 differentially expressed genes were identified between edge mantle and central mantle, among which whey acidic protein, N66, and nacre-like proteins, and Lam G and EGF domains may be related to shell microstructure. 22.39% - 25.20% of the mucin genes had biomineralization related domains, which supported for the relationship between mucins and shell formation. Moreover, this study revealed energy distribution differences between the edge mantle and central mantle. These results provide insights for further understanding of the biomineralization mechanism in Gastropoda.

Development of an instrument to measure the competencies of health professionals in the process of evidence-based healthcare: A Delphi study.

AIMS: To identify and reach consensus on dimensions and criteria of a competence assessment instrument for health professionals in relation to the process of evidence-based healthcare. DESIGN: A two-round Delphi survey was carried out from April to June 2023. METHODS: Consensus was sought from an expert panel on the instrument preliminarily established based on the JBI Model of Evidence-Based Healthcare and a rapid review of systematic reviews of relevant literature. The level of consensus was reflected by the concentration and coordination of experts' opinions and percentage of agreement. The instrument was revised significantly based on the combination of data analysis, the experts' comments and research group discussions. RESULTS: Sixteen national and three international experts were involved in the first-round Delphi survey and 17 experts participated in the second-round survey. In both rounds, full consensus was reached on the four dimensions of the instrument, namely evidence-generation, evidence-synthesis, evidence-transfer and evidence-implementation. In round-one, the instrument was revised from 77 to 61 items. In round-two, the instrument was further revised to have 57 items under the four dimensions in the final version. CONCLUSION: The Delphi survey achieved consensus on the instrument. The validity and reliability of the instrument needs to be tested in future research internationally. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Systematic assessment of nurses and other health professionals' competencies in different phases of evidence-based healthcare process based on this instrument provides implications for their professional development and multidisciplinary team collaboration in evidence-based practice and better care process and outcomes. IMPACT: This study addresses a research gap of lacking an instrument to systematically assess interprofessional competencies in relation to the process of EBHC. The instrument covers the four phases of EBHC process with minimal criteria, highlighting essential aspects of ability to be developed. Identification of health professionals' level of competence in these aspects helps strengthen their capacity accordingly so as to promote virtuous EBHC ecosystem for the ending purpose of improving global healthcare outcomes. REPORTING METHOD: This study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDES) guidance on Delphi studies. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Soybean Protein Isolate on Monascus Pigments and Monacolin K Production.

Monascus pigments (MPs) and monacolin K (MK) are important secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soybean protein isolate (SPI) on the biosynthesis of MPs and MK based on the analysis of physiological indicators, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. The results indicated that the growth, yellow MPs, and MK production of Monascus pilosus MS-1 were significantly enhanced by SPI, which were 8.20, 8.01, and 1.91 times higher than that of the control, respectively. The utilization of a nitrogen source, protease activity, the production and utilization of soluble protein, polypeptides, and free amino acids were also promoted by SPI. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes mokA, mokB, mokC, mokD, mokE, mokI, and mokH which are involved in MK biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated by SPI. Moreover, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism were effectively up-regulated by SPI. The metabolomic analysis indicated that metabolisms of amino acid, lipid, pyruvate, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose, and pentose phosphate pathway were significantly disturbed by SPI. Thus, MPs and MK production promoted by SPI were mainly attributed to the increased biomass, up-regulated gene expression level, and more precursors and energies.

Synthesis and characterization of bagasse cellulose-based quaternary ammonium peroxyphosphotungstate and their catalytic properties for cyclohexene oxidation in the absence of any solvent.

Bagasse cellulose, an industrial waste byproduct of sugar production, was demonstrated to be a viable solid support for a solid-phase ionic oxidation catalyst enabling organic solvent-free aqueous reaction conditions and facile catalyst recovery. Bagasse cellulose-supported quaternary ammonium peroxyphosphotungstate was synthesized from bagasse cellulose-supported quaternary ammonium chloride, phosphotungstic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The chemical structure of this material was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and 13C NMR, revealing stability of the cellulose matrix to the catalyst loading conditions and effective dispersion of the acicular catalyst crystals throughout the matrix. High catalytic activity of this synthetic complex was demonstrated in the oxidation of cyclohexene to 1,2-cyclohexanediol with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of solvent. Optimized conditions providing trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol with 86.2 % selectivity were 12 wt% catalyst and 4 mL/g 30 % H2O2 (vs. cyclohexene) at 50 °C for 10 h.

Thymol Induces Fenton-Reaction-Dependent Ferroptosis in Vibrio parahemolyticus.

Thymol has efficient bactericidal activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, but the bactericidal mechanism against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) has rarely been reported. In the current study, we investigated the bactericidal mechanism of thymol against V. parahemolyticus. The Results revealed that 150 µg/mL of thymol had 99.9% bactericidal activity on V. parahemolyticus. Intracellular bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA breakage were checked by cell staining. The exogenous addition of H2O2 and catalase promoted and alleviated thymol-induced cell death to a certain extent, respectively, and the addition of the ferroptosis inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 also alleviated thymol-induced cell death, confirming that thymol induced Fenton-reaction-dependent ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. Proteomic analysis revealed that relevant proteins involved in ROS production, lipid peroxidation accumulation, and DNA repair were significantly upregulated after thymol treatment. Molecular docking revealed two potential binding sites (amino acids 46H and 42F) between thymol and ferritin, and thymol could promote the release of Fe2+ from ferritin proteins through in vitro interactions analyzed. Therefore, we hypothesized that ferritin as a potential target may mediate thymol-induced ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. This study provides new ideas for the development of natural inhibitors for controlling V. parahemolyticus in aquatic products.

Energy-saving hydrogen production from sulfion oxidation-hybrid seawater splitting enabled by superwettable corrosion-resistant NiFe layered double hydroxide/FeNi2S4 heterostructured nanoarrays.

Electrochemical seawater splitting is a sustainable pathway towards hydrogen production independent of scarce freshwater resources. However, the high energy consumption and harmful chlorine-chemistry interference still pose major technological challenges. Herein, thermodynamically more favorable sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) is explored to replace energy-intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER), enabling the dramatically reduced energy consumption and the avoidance of corrosive chlorine species in electrocatalytic systems of NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)/FeNi2S4 grown on iron foam (IF) substrate. The resulting NiFe-LDH/FeNi2S4/IF with superwettable surfaces and favorable heterointerfaces can effectively catalyze SOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which greatly reduces the operational voltage by 1.05 V at 50 mA cm-2 compared to pure seawater splitting and achieves impressively low electricity consumption of 2.33 kW h per cubic meter of H2 at 100 mA cm-2. Significantly, benefitting from the repulsive effect of surface sulfate anions to Cl-, the NiFe-LDH/FeNi2S4/IF exhibits outstanding long-term stability for SOR-coupled chlorine-free hydrogen production with sulfion upcycling into elemental sulfur. The present study uncovers the "killing two birds with one stone" effect of SOR for energy-efficient hydrogen generation and value-added elemental sulfur recovery in seawater electrolysis without detrimental chlorine chemistry.

Understanding music and aging through the lens of Bayesian inference.

Bayesian inference has recently gained momentum in explaining music perception and aging. A fundamental mechanism underlying Bayesian inference is the notion of prediction. This framework could explain how predictions pertaining to musical (melodic, rhythmic, harmonic) structures engender action, emotion, and learning, expanding related concepts of music research, such as musical expectancies, groove, pleasure, and tension. Moreover, a Bayesian perspective of music perception may shed new insights on the beneficial effects of music in aging. Aging could be framed as an optimization process of Bayesian inference. As predictive inferences refine over time, the reliance on consolidated priors increases, while the updating of prior models through Bayesian inference attenuates. This may affect the ability of older adults to estimate uncertainties in their environment, limiting their cognitive and behavioral repertoire. With Bayesian inference as an overarching framework, this review synthesizes the literature on predictive inferences in music and aging, and details how music could be a promising tool in preventive and rehabilitative interventions for older adults through the lens of Bayesian inference.

First Case Report of Cystic Echinococcosis Caused by G7 Genotype Echinococcus intermedius Confirmed by Genetic Sequencing - Southern China, December 2023.

What is already known about this topic?: Echinococcosis exhibits a global distribution. In China, the primary endemic area is the northwest region. In December 2023, we documented a case of echinococcosis in an individual lacking any travel or residential history in endemic regions. What is added by this report?: This is the first laboratory-confirmed case of hepatic echinococcosis reported in Guangdong Province, associated with the G7 genotype of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). The most probable mode of transmission is a local infection resulting from E. granulosus introduced from endemic regions. What are the implications for public health practice?: As the circulation of agricultural products increases, it is essential to enhance the quarantine and management of livestock from epidemic areas to prevent and control the spread of echinococcosis to non-epidemic regions.

Ameliorating and refining islet organoids to illuminate treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus, a significant global public health challenge, severely impacts human health worldwide. The organoid, an innovative in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model, closely mimics tissues or organs in vivo. Insulin-secreting islet organoid, derived from stem cells induced in vitro with 3D structures, has emerged as a potential alternative for islet transplantation and as a possible disease model that mirrors the human body's in vivo environment, eliminating species difference. This technology has gained considerable attention for its potential in diabetes treatment. Despite advances, the process of stem cell differentiation into islet organoid and its cultivation demonstrates deficiencies, prompting ongoing efforts to develop more efficient differentiation protocols and 3D biomimetic materials. At present, the constructed islet organoid exhibit limitations in their composition, structure, and functionality when compared to natural islets. Consequently, further research is imperative to achieve a multi-tissue system composition and improved insulin secretion functionality in islet organoid, while addressing transplantation-related safety concerns, such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, infection, and thrombosis. This review delves into the methodologies and strategies for constructing the islet organoid, its application in diabetes treatment, and the pivotal scientific challenges within organoid research, offering fresh perspectives for a deeper understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.

Insights into the performance of PREDICT tool in a large Mainland Chinese breast cancer cohort: a comparative analysis of versions 3.0 and 2.2.

BACKGROUND: PREDICT is a web-based tool for forecasting breast cancer outcomes. PREDICT version 3.0 was recently released. This study aimed to validate this tool for a large population in mainland China and compare v3.0 with v2.2. METHODS: Women who underwent surgery for nonmetastatic primary invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2020 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected. Predicted and observed 5-year overall survival (OS) for both v3.0 and v2.2 were compared. Discrimination was compared using receiver-operator curves and DeLong test. Calibration was evaluated using calibration plots and chi-squared test. A difference greater than 5% was deemed clinically relevant. RESULTS: A total of 5424 patients were included, with median follow-up time of 58 months (IQR 38-89 months). Compared to v2.2, v3.0 did not show improved discriminatory accuracy for 5-year OS (AUC: 0.756 vs 0.771), same as ER-positive and ER-negative patients. However, calibration was significantly improved in v3.0, with predicted 5-year OS deviated from observed by -2.0% for the entire cohort, -2.9% for ER-positive and -0.0% for ER-negative patients, compared to -7.3%, -4.7% and -13.7% in v2.2. In v3.0, 5-year OS was underestimated by 9.0% for patients older than 75 years, and 5.8% for patients with micrometastases. Patients with distant metastases postdiagnosis was overestimated by 10.6%. CONCLUSIONS: PREDICT v3.0 reliably predicts 5-year OS for the majority of Chinese patients with breast cancer. PREDICT v3.0 significantly improved the predictive accuracy for ER-negative groups. Furthermore, caution is advised when interpreting 5-year OS for patients aged over 70, those with micrometastases or metastases postdiagnosis.

Identification of genes associated with sperm storage capacity in hens at different times after insemination by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq.

BACKGROUND: Sperm storage capacity (SSC) determines the duration of fertility in hens and is an important reproduction trait that cannot be ignored in production. Currently, the genetic mechanism of SSC is still unclear in hens. Therefore, to explore the genetic basis of SSC, we analyzed the uterus-vagina junction (UVJ) of hens with different SSC at different times after insemination by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. RESULTS: Our results showed that 589, 596, and 527 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 730, 783, and 324 differentially translated genes (DTGs), and 804, 625, and 467 differential translation efficiency genes (DTEGs) were detected on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days after insemination, respectively. In transcription levels, we found that the differences of SSC at different times after insemination were mainly reflected in the transmission of information between cells, the composition of intercellular adhesion complexes, the regulation of ion channels, the regulation of cellular physiological activities, the composition of cells, and the composition of cell membranes. In translation efficiency (TE) levels, the differences of SSC were mainly related to the physiological and metabolic activities in the cell, the composition of the organelle membrane, the physiological activities of oxidation, cell components, and cell growth processes. According to pathway analysis, SSC was related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, histidine metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway at the transcriptional level and glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, calcium signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, galactose metabolism, and Wnt signaling pathway at the TE level. We screened candidate genes affecting SSC at transcriptional levels (COL4A4, MUC6, MCHR2, TACR1, AVPR1A, COL1A1, HK2, RB1, VIPR2, HMGCS2) and TE levels(COL4A4, MUC6, CYCS, NDUFA13, CYTB, RRM2, CAMK4, HRH2, LCT, GCK, GALT). Among them, COL4A4 and MUC6 were the key candidate genes differing in transcription, translation, and translation efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Our study used the combined analysis of RNA-seq and Ribo-seq for the first time to investigate the SSC and reveal the physiological processes associated with SSC. The key candidate genes affecting SSC were screened, and the theoretical basis was provided for the analysis of the molecular regulation mechanism of SSC.

Interleukin-41: a novel serum marker for the diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: For the lack of effective serum markers for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnosis, it is difficult to detect liver cancer and identify its recurrence early. Methods: Databases were used to analyze the genes potentially associated with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). ELISA assay was used to detect the serum IL-41 in HCC, liver metastases, hepatitis, and healthy people. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the relative quantification of IL-41 in HCC and paracancer tissues. Various survival curves were plotted according to clinical pathological data and helped us draw the ROC curve of IL-41 diagnosis of HCC. Results: The serum expression of IL-41 was highest in AFP negative HCC patients and significantly higher than that in AFP positive HCC and metastatic cancer patients. There was a significant negative correlation between elevated serum IL-41 and AFP(<1500ng/ml). The clinicopathological features suggested that the serum IL-41 level was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, low differentiation and AFP. High serum expression of IL-41 suggests poorer survival and earlier recurrence after resection, and IL-41 upregulated in patients with early recurrence and death. The expression of IL-41 was higher in HCC tissues of patients with multiple tumors or microvascular invasion. The ROC curve showed that serum IL-41 had a sensitivity of 90.17 for HCC and a sensitivity of 96.63 for AFP-negative HCC, while the specificity was higher than 61%. Conclusion: IL-41 in serum and tissue suggests poor prognosis and postoperative recurrence in HCC patients and could be a new serum diagnostic marker for AFP negative patients.

3D/3D Bamboo Charcoal/Bi2WO6 Bifunctional Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Efficient H2 Evolution Coupling with Furfuryl Alcohols Oxidation.

Photocatalysis is one of the most promising pathways to relieve the environmental contamination caused by the rapid development of modern technology. In this work, we demonstrate a green manufacturing process for the 3D/3D rod-shaped bamboo charcoal/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst (210BC-BWO) by controlled carbonization temperature. A series of morphology characterization and properties investigations (XRD, SEM, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent response, N2 absorption-desorption isotherms) indicate a 210BC-BWO photocatalyst with higher charge separation efficiency, larger surface area, and better adsorption capacity. The excellent photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degrading rhodamine B (RhB) (98.5%), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) (77.1%), and H2 evolution (2833 µmol·g-1·h-1) coupled with furfuryl alcohol oxidation (3097 µmol·g-1·h-1) under visible light irradiation. In addition, the possible mechanisms for degradation of organic pollutants, H2 evolution, and furfuryl alcohol oxidation were schematically investigated, which make it possible to exert photocatalysis by increasing the active radical. This study shows that the combination of bamboo charcoal and bismuth tungstate can be a powerful photocatalyst that rationally combines H2 evolution coupled with furfuryl alcohol oxidation and degradation of pollutants.

HcN57, A Novel Unusual Acidic Silk-Like Matrix Protein from Hyriopsis cumingii, Participates in Framework Construction and Nacre Nucleation During Nacreous Layer Formation.

In the classic molecular model of nacreous layer formation, unusual acidic matrix proteins rich in aspartic acid (Asp) residues are essential for nacre nucleation due to their great affinity for binding calcium. However, the acidic matrix proteins discovered in the nacreous layer so far have been weakly acidic with a high proportion of glutamate. In the present study, several silk-like matrix proteins, including the novel matrix protein HcN57, were identified in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-soluble extracts of the nacreous layer of Hyriopsis cumingii. HcN57 is a highly repetitive protein that consists of a high proportion of alanine (Ala, 34.4%), glycine (Gly, 22.5%), and serine (Ser, 11.4%). It forms poly Ala blocks, GlynX repeats, an Ala-Gly repeat, and a Ser-Ala-rich region, exhibiting significant similarity to silk proteins found in spider species. The expression of HcN57 was specifically located in the dorsal epithelial cells of the mantle pallium and mantle center. Notably, expression of HcN57 was relatively high during nacreous layer regeneration and pearl nacre deposition, suggesting HcN57 is a silk matrix protein in the nacreous layer. Importantly, HcN57 also contains a certain content of Asp residues, making it an unusual acidic matrix protein present in the nacreous layer. These Asp residues are mainly distributed in three large hydrophilic acidic regions, which showed inhibitory activity against aragonite deposition and morphological regulation of calcite in vitro. Moreover, HcN57-dsRNA injection resulted in failure of nacre nucleation in vivo. Taken together, our results show that HcN57 is a bifunctional silk protein with poly Ala blocks and Gly-rich regions that serve as space fillers within the chitinous framework to prevent crystallization at unnecessary nucleation sites and Asp-rich regions that create a calcium ion supersaturated microenvironment for nucleation in the center of nacre tablets. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism by which silk proteins regulate framework construction and nacre nucleation during nacreous layer formation.

Three-stage Dynamic Brain-cognitive Model of Understanding Action Intention Displayed by Human Body Movements.

The ability to comprehend the intention conveyed through human body movements is crucial for effective interpersonal interactions. If people can't understand the intention behind other individuals' isolated or interactive actions, their actions will become meaningless. Psychologists have investigated the cognitive processes and neural representations involved in understanding action intention, yet a cohesive theoretical explanation remains elusive. Hence, we mainly review existing literature related to neural correlates of action intention, and primarily propose a putative Three-stage Dynamic Brain-cognitive Model of understanding action intention, which involves body perception, action identification and intention understanding. Specifically, at the first stage, body parts/shapes are processed by those brain regions such as extrastriate and fusiform body areas; During the second stage, differentiating observed actions relies on configuring relationships between body parts, facilitated by the activation of the Mirror Neuron System; The last stage involves identifying various intention categories, utilizing the Mentalizing System for recruitment, and different activation patterns concerning the nature of the intentions participants dealing with. Finally, we delves into the clinical practice, like intervention training based on a theoretical model for individuals with autism spectrum disorders who encounter difficulties in interpersonal communication.

An electrochemical microbiosensor for serotonin based on surface imprinted layer coordinated bimetal functionalized acupuncture needle.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a pivotal monoamine neurotransmitter, which is widely distributed in human brain for biological, physical and psychopathological processes. The content of 5-HT can support diagnose of various diseases. To selectively detect 5-HT is very important in clinical medicine. Here, a novel microbiosensor for 5-HT is studied on acupuncture needle. Molecularly imprinted film enwrapped 5-HT was electropolymerized onto bimetallic gold/platinum (Au/Pt) nanoparticles on acupuncture needle microelectrode (ANME). Au/Pt nanostructure exhibited active sites to catalyze the oxidation of 5-HT and bind the generated polymer. 5-HT can be enwrapped by the functional monomer of pyrrole (Py) in the process of electropolymerization with suitably electroactive conformation. Comparing with interfaces of single metal or molecularly imprinted layer, synergistic microbiosensor exhibit better performance for 5-HT. 5-HT can be adsorbed and catalytically oxidized by the imprinted cavities. Under optimized conditions, the peak current linearly increases with the concentration of 5-HT from 0.03 to 500 µM, and a detection limit of 0.0106 µM is obtained. The performance of this microbiosensor is competitive with previous studies. Furthermore, the prepared microbiosensor showed effective application to analyze 5-HT in human serum and urine. Interestingly, the microbiosensor expressed the real-time monitoring ability to 5-HT from stimulated PC12 cells by K+. The microbiosensor also exhibited high selectivity, stability and reproducibility, which is promising in view of the low price, fast response and simple operation.

Computational Modeling of the Prefrontal-Cingulate Cortex to Investigate the Role of Coupling Relationships for Balancing Emotion and Cognition.

Within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex, abnormalities in coupling between neuronal networks can disturb the emotion-cognition interactions, contributing to the development of mental disorders such as depression. Despite this understanding, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we present a biophysical computational model encompassing three crucial regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The objective is to investigate the role of coupling relationships within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex networks in balancing emotions and cognitive processes. The numerical results confirm that coupled weights play a crucial role in the balance of emotional cognitive networks. Furthermore, our model predicts the pathogenic mechanism of depression resulting from abnormalities in the subgenual cortex, and network functionality was restored through intervention in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This study utilizes computational modeling techniques to provide an insight explanation for the diagnosis and treatment of depression.

Relationship of long-term exposure to air pollutant mixture with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and subtypes: A retrospective cohort study of the employed population of Southwest China.

BACKGROUND: While evidence suggests that PM2.5 is associated with overall prevalence of Metabolic (dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), effects of comprehensive air pollutant mixture on MAFLD and its subtypes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate individual and joint effects of long-term exposure to comprehensive air pollutant mixture on MAFLD and its subtypes. METHODS: Data of 27,699 participants of the Chinese Cohort of Working Adults were analyzed. MAFLD and subtypes, including overweight/obesity, lean, and diabetes MAFLD, were diagnosed according to clinical guidelines. Concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO were estimated as a weighted average over participants' residential and work addresses for the three years preceding outcome assessment. Logistic regression and weighted quantile sum regression were used to estimate individual and joint effects of air pollutant mixture on presence of MAFLD. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of MAFLD was 26.6 % with overweight/obesity, lean, and diabetes MAFLD accounting for 92.0 %, 6.4 %, and 1.6 %, respectively. Exposure to SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, BC, PM2.5, NO2, O3and CO was significantly associated with overall MAFLD, overweight/obesity MAFLD, or lean MAFLD in single pollutant models. Joint effects of air pollutant mixture were observed for overall MAFLD (OR = 1.10 [95 % CI: 1.03, 1.17]), overweight/obesity (1.09 [1.02, 1.15]), and lean MAFLD (1.63 [1.28, 2.07]). Contributions of individual air pollutants to joint effects were dominated by CO in overall and overweight/obesity MAFLD (Weights were 42.31 % and 45.87 %, respectively), while SO42- (36.34 %), SO2 (21.00 %) and BC (12.38 %) were more important in lean MAFLD. Being male, aged above 45 years and smoking increased joint effects of air pollutant mixture on overall MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: Air pollutant mixture was associated with MAFLD, particularly the lean MAFLD subtype. CO played a pivotal role in both overall and overweight/obesity MAFLD, whereas SO42- were associated with lean MAFLD.

Identification of immunogenic cell death-related damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) to predict outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide, wherein the immune responses are closely associated with disease occurrence, development, and prognosis. Investigation of the role of immunogenic cell death-related genes (ICDGs) in adaptive immune response activation may provide cues into the mechanism underlying the outcome of HNSCC immunotherapy. METHODS: ICDGs expression patterns in HNSCC were analyzed, after which consensus clustering in HNSCC cohort conducted. A 4-gene prognostic model was constructed through LASSO and Cox regression analyses to analyze the prognostic index using the TCGA dataset, followed by validation with two GEO datasets. The distribution of immune cells and the response to immunotherapy were compared between different risk subtypes through multiple algorithms. Moreover, immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were conducted to validate the prognostic value of HSP90AA1 as a predictor of HNSCC patient prognosis. In vitro assays were performed to further detect the effect of HSP90AA1 in the development of HNSCC. RESULTS: A novel prognostic index based on four ICDGs was constructed and proved to be useful as an independent factor of HNSCC prognosis. The risk score derived from this model grouped patients into high- and low-risk subtypes, wherein the high-risk subtype had worse survival outcomes and poorer immunotherapy response. IHC analysis validated the applicability of HSP90AA1 as a predictor of prognosis of HNSCC patients. HSP90AA1 expression in tumor cells promotes the progression of HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results highlight a novel four-gene prognostic signature as a valuable tool to assess survival status and prognosis of HNSCC patients.