RESUMO
The fungus Talaromyces hainanensis, isolated from the mangrove soil, was characterized as a novel species by morphology observation and phylogenetic analyses. Four new γ-lactam alkaloids talaroilactams A-D (1-4) and two reported compounds harzianic acid (5) and isoharzianic acid (6) were identified from the fungus T. hainanensis WHUF0341, assisted by OSMAC along with molecular networking approaches. Their structures were determined through ECD calculations and spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the biosynthetic route of 1-4 was also proposed. Compound 1 displayed potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines, with an IC50 value of 10.75 ± 1.11 µM. In addition, network pharmacology was employed to dissect the probable mechanisms contributing to the antihepatocellular carcinoma effects of compound 1, revealing that cytotoxicity was mainly associated with proteolysis, negative regulation of autophagy, inflammatory response, and the renin-angiotensin system. These results not only expanded the chemical space of natural products from the mangrove associated fungi but also afforded promising lead compounds for developing the antihepatocellular carcinoma agents.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Antineoplásicos , Lactamas , Talaromyces , Talaromyces/química , Talaromyces/metabolismo , Humanos , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alcaloides/química , Células Hep G2 , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Lactamas/química , Lactamas/farmacologia , Filogenia , Estrutura Molecular , Áreas Alagadas , Rhizophoraceae/microbiologia , Rhizophoraceae/químicaRESUMO
Combined microplastic and heavy metal pollution (CM-HP) has become a popular research topic due to the ability of these pollutants to have complex interactions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely used to alleviate stress from heavy metal pollution in plants. However, the effects and mechanisms by which these bacteria interact under CM-HP have not been extensively studied. In this study, we isolated and screened PGPR from CM-HP soils and analyzed the effects of these PGPR on sorghum growth and Cd accumulation under combined PVC+Cd pollution through pot experiments. The results showed that the length and biomass of sorghum plants grown in PVC+Cd contaminated soil were significantly lower than those grown in soils contaminated with Cd alone, revealing an enhancement in toxicity when the two contaminants were mixed. Seven isolated and screened PGPR strains effectively alleviated stress due to PVC+Cd contamination, which resulted in a significant enhancement in sorghum biomass. PGPR mitigated the decrease in soil available potassium, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content caused by combined PVC+Cd pollution and increased the contents of these soil nutrients. Soil treatment with combined PVC+Cd pollution and PGPR inoculation can affect rhizosphere bacterial communities and change the composition of dominant populations, such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. PICRUSt2 functional profile prediction revealed that combined PVC+Cd pollution and PGPR inoculation affected nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, organic phosphorus mineralization, inorganic phosphorus solubilization and the composition and abundance of genes related the N and P cycles. The Mantel test showed that functional strain abundance, the diversity index and N and P cycling-related genes were affected by test strain inoculation and were significant factors affecting sorghum growth, Cd content and accumulation. This study revealed that soil inoculation with isolated and screened PGPR can affect the soil inorganic nutrient content and bacterial community composition, thereby alleviating the stress caused by CM-HP and providing a theoretical basis and data support for the remediation of CM-HP.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Rizosfera , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo , Sorghum , Sorghum/microbiologia , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Cádmio/toxicidade , Solo/química , Biodegradação Ambiental , Bactérias/metabolismo , Cloreto de PolivinilaRESUMO
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent disorders globally and is strongly associated with many other diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an inflammatory condition of the colon and the small intestine, is reported to be associated with PD through undetermined mechanisms. We analyzed taxonomic assignment files from the Crohn's Disease Viral and Microbial Metagenome Project (PRJEB3206). The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae in fecal samples was significantly different between patients with Crohn's disease and control volunteers. Dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce colitis in mice to reveal the effect of this periodontopathic pathogen in vivo. After intrarectal implantation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-the primary pathogen causing PD-the disease activity index score, colonic epithelial loss, and inflammatory cell infiltration were intensified. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 showed the highest levels in Pg-infected colons. This revealed the importance of Pg in the exacerbation of IBD. Thus, simultaneous treatment of PD should be considered for people with IBD. Moreover, implantation of Pg in the rectum worsened the clinical symptoms of colitis in mice. Because Pg participates in the pathogenesis of IBD, reducing the chances of it entering the intestine might prevent the worsening of this disorder.