Service demand analysis and optimization strategy construction of emergency observation patients based on the Kano model.

Background: Emergency observation unit in China are characterized by a high number of patients, complexity of diseases, and instability of patient conditions, leading to low patient satisfaction. The Kano model is an effective method widely used to identify customer demands and improve service quality to enhance customer satisfaction. However, its application in emergency observation unit has been studied less. This study aims to design a questionnaire based on the Kano model and identify the demands of emergency observation patients to determine priorities for improvements in the emergency observation unit and improve patient satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from March 21st, 2023, to May 20th, 2023. A convenient sampling method was used to recruit 100 patients from the emergency observation unit, who completed a questionnaire designed based on the Kano model to assess their demands for care service. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 software. The element selection line and sensitivity analysis were used to determine factors for patient service demand improvement. Results: A total of 13 patient service demands for improvement were screened out from 19 service demands, including 1 item of must-be quality (M), 11 item of one-dimensional quality (O), and 1 item of attractive quality (A), These attributes showed significant differences in patients' sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: The Kano model is a valuable tool for identifying the characteristics of patients' service demands, and the element screening method can be employed to establish the hierarchy of these demands. These results offer crucial direction for creating forthcoming nursing management initiatives in emergency observation unit.

Linear-inverse associations of serum Klotho protein with prevalence of frailty among adults in the United States.

AIMS: To investigate the potential linear relationship between serum concentrations of klotho and frailty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 9,597 middle-aged and older adults (aged 40-79 years) from the five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index, calculated as a percentage of accumulated deficits across 53 health items. Restricted cubic spline curves, subgroup analyses and logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the specific linear trend connection between circulating klotho protein concentration and frailty. RESULTS: When taking Klotho into account as a continuous component in Models 1 and 2, there was a substantial association between the increasing Klotho level and the reduced risk of frailty. Model 3 revealed a strong negative correlation between the Klotho and Frailty, suggesting that high levels of Klotho protein decreases the frailty prevalence [Odd ratio (OR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.43]. Furthermore, according to the quartile analyses, after fully adjusting for the covariates, it was observed that, comparing to the lowest quartile of Klotho, the highest quartile of Klotho demonstrated lowest risk of frailty (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.58-0.81, Ptrend < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline curves showed a linear relationship and an inverse association between frailty and the Klotho levels (Plinearity < 0.001; Pnon-linearity = 0.736). CONCLUSION: Klotho is inversely and linearly associated with physical frailty in the general population (aged 40-79 years), specifically in the population with an age < 65 and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. More necessary prospective studies should be done to further investigate the mechanisms underlying frailty and aging and to elucidate individual frailty causes.

Impact of VO 2peak on the Clinical Outcomes of Older Patients With Coronary Heart Disease in China.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters, especially peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), in predicting the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in older Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Older patients with CHD who underwent cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of Chinese PLA General Hospital from July 1, 2015 to January 31, 2020 were enrolled. The follow-up intervals were 6 mo. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between VO 2peak and adverse cardiovascular events. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were used to observe the relationship between VO 2peak and the hazard ratio (HR) of the primary end point event (PEE), which included a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction, unscheduled revascularization, and stroke. The composite end point event was the PEE combined with cardiac rehospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 1223 participants (mean age 68 ± 5 yr) were included. Median follow-up was 68 mo. Mean VO 2peak was 16.5 ± 4.0 mL/kg/min, and VO 2peak was an independent predictor of the PEE (HR = 0.929; 95% CI, 0.891-0.970; P = .001). This association was further validated by restricted cubic spline and subgroup analyses. Peak oxygen uptake was also an independent risk factor for the composite end point event (HR = 0.968; 95% CI, 0.941-0.996; P = .025). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, VO 2peak is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events in older Chinese patients with CHD, and more optimal therapy should be recommended to patients with lower VO 2peak .

Chameleon-inspired tunable multi-layered infrared-modulating system via stretchable liquid metal microdroplets in elastomer film.

This report presents liquid metal-based infrared-modulating materials and systems with multiple modes to regulate the infrared reflection. Inspired by the brightness adjustment in chameleon skin, shape-morphing liquid metal droplets in silicone elastomer (Ecoflex) matrix are used to resemble the dispersed "melanophores". In the system, Ecoflex acts as hormone to drive the deformation of liquid metal droplets. Both total and specular reflectance-based infrared camouflage are achieved. Typically, the total and specular reflectances show change of ~44.8% and 61.2%, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for infrared camouflage. Programmable infrared encoding/decoding is explored by adjusting the concentration of liquid metal and applying areal strains. By introducing alloys with different melting points, temperature-dependent infrared painting/writing can be achieved. Furthermore, the multi-layered structure of infrared-modulating system is designed, where the liquid metal-based infrared modulating materials are integrated with an evaporated metallic film for enhanced performance of such system.

Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the mechanism and key esterase of ß-cypermethrin degradation in a bacterial strain from fermented food.

Beta-cypermethrin (ß-CY) residues in food are an important threat to human health. Microorganisms can degrade ß-CY residues during fermentation of fruits and vegetables, while the mechanism is not clear. In this study, a comprehensively investigate of the degradation mechanism of ß-CY in a food microorganism was conducted based on proteomics analysis. The ß-CY degradation bacteria Gordonia alkanivorans GH-1 was derived from fermented Pixian Doubanjiang. Its crude enzyme extract could degrade 77.11% of ß-CY at a concentration of 45 mg/L within 24 h. Proteomics analysis revealed that the ester bond of ß-CY is broken under the action of esterase to produce 3-phenoxy benzoic acid, which was further degraded by oxidoreductase and aromatic degrading enzyme. The up-regulation expression of oxidoreductase and esterase was confirmed by transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Meanwhile, the expression of esterase Est280 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) resulted in a 48.43% enhancement in the degradation efficiency of ß-CY, which confirmed that this enzyme was the key enzyme in the process of ß-CY degradation. This study reveals the degradation mechanism of ß-CY by microorganisms during food fermentation, providing a theoretical basis for the application of food microorganisms in ß-CY residues.

Enhancing the Quality of Low-Alcohol Navel Orange Wine through Simultaneous Co-Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125, Angel Yeast SY, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114.

To date, there has been limited research on the interactive effects of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the sensory qualities of navel orange wine. In this study, using Jintang navel orange juice as the raw material, multi-microbial fermentation was conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, as well as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114. Single yeast and co-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were used as the control groups. The research aimed to investigate the physicochemical parameters of navel orange wine during fermentation. Additionally, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HP-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to determine and analyze the types and levels of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines produced through the different fermentation methods. The co-fermentation using the three strains significantly enhanced both the quantity and variety of volatile compounds in the navel orange wine, concomitant with heightened total phenol and flavonoid levels. Furthermore, a notable improvement was observed in the free radical scavenging activity. A sensory evaluation was carried out to analyze the differences among the various navel orange wines, shedding light on the impact of different wine yeasts and co-fermentation with LAB on the quality of navel orange wines.

Microbial Fermentation as an Efficient Method for Eliminating Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Food: A Case Study on Cyfluthrin and Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus D-21.

The microbial fermentation of food has emerged as an efficient means to eliminate pesticide residues in agricultural products; however, the specific degradation characteristics and mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a Gram-positive bacterium, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus D-21, isolated from fermented Pixian Douban samples exhibited the capability to degrade 45 mg/L of cyfluthrin with an efficiency of 90.37%. Product analysis unveiled a novel cyfluthrin degradation pathway, involving the removal of the cyanide group and ammoniation of the ester bond into an amide. Whole genome analysis discovered the enzymes linked to cyfluthrin degradation, including nitrilase, esterase, carbon-nitrogen ligases, and enzymes associated with aromatic degradation. Additionally, metabolome analysis identified 140 benzenoids distributed across various aromatic metabolic pathways, further substantiating D-21's catabolic capability toward aromatics. This study underscores the exceptional pyrethroid degradation prowess of A. aneurinilyticus D-21, positioning it as a promising candidate for the biotreatment of pesticide residues in food systems.

Relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease in both the general population and hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To explore the relationships between hyperuricemia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both the general population and hypertensive patients through meta-analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2012. The eligibility criteria were predefined, and quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stata 15.1 was used for meta-analysis, heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to explore heterogeneity, funnel plots and Egger tests were used to assesse publication bias and applicability. A total of 10,662 studies were retrieved, 45 of which were included in this meta-analysis utilizing a random effects model. Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension (RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.59; I2 = 98.8%), total CVD (RR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.23-1.89; I2 = 93.7%), stroke (RR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.71-2.26, I2 = 0.0%), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.30, I2 = 93.3%), and CKD (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.56-1.87; I2 = 87.3%). However, subgroup analysis showed no significant associations between hyperuricemia and hypertension in non-Asian populations (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.59-1.33), or between hyperuricemia and CVD with a follow-up duration <5 years (RR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.97-1.63). Among hypertensive patients, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with total CVD (RR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.31-4.12, I2 = 90.2%), but not with stroke (RR = 1.48, 95% CI 0.86-2.55; I2 = 90.7%) or CHD (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.98-2.33; I2 = 71.7%). CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension, total CVD, stroke, CHD, and CKD in the general population. Among hypertensive patients, hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of CVD but not stroke or CHD alone. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022370692.

Manipulation of Convection Using Infrared Light Emitted from Human Hands.

Control of convection plays an important role in heat transfer regulation, bio/chemical sensing, phase separation, etc. Current convection controlling systems generally depend on engineered energy sources to drive and manipulate the convection, which brings additional energy consumption into the system. Here the use of human hand as a natural and sustainable infrared (IR) radiation source for the manipulation of liquid convection is demonstrated. The fluid can sense the change of the relative position or the shape of the hand with the formation of different convection patterns. Besides the generation of static complex patterns, dynamic manipulation of convections can also be realized via moving of hand or finger. The use of such sustainable convections to control the movement of a floating "boat" is further achieved. The use of human hands as the natural energy sources provides a promising approach for the manipulation of liquid convection without the need of extra external energy, which may be further utilized for low-cost and intelligent bio/chemical sensing and separation.

Mechanism of deltamethrin biodegradation by Brevibacillus parabrevis BCP-09 with proteomic methods.

Ester-containing deltamethrin pesticides are widely used in farmland and have inevitable side effects on the biosphere and human health. Microbia have been used for efficient degradation of deltamethrin, but the related mechanism and enzyme characteristics have not been elucidated. In this study, a species Brevibacillus parabrevis BCP-09 could degrade up to 75 mg L-1 deltamethrin with a degradation efficiency of 95.41%. Proteomic and genomic methods were used to explore its degradation mechanism. Enzymes belonged to hydrolases, oxidases and aromatic compound degrading enzymes were expressed enhanced and might participate in the deltamethrin degradtion. RT-PCR experiment and enzyme activity analysis verified the degradation of deltamethrin by bacterial protein. Additionally, the formation of endospores can help strain BCP-09 resist the toxicity of deltamethrin and enhance its degradation. This study supplies a scientific evidence for the application of Brevibacillus parabrevis BCP-09 in the bioremediation of environmental pollution and enriches the resources of deltamethrin-biodegradable proteins.

Stress distribution of the modified clear twin-block aligner on the temporomandibular joint, alveolar bone and teeth: A finite element analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The modified clear twin-block aligner (CTBA) was developed to provide a mandibular advancement appliance for the treatment of mandibular retrognathia. The objective of this study was to analyse the stress distribution changes of CTBA with 45°, 60° and 70° bite blocks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A three-dimensional model of the craniomaxillofacial bones and teeth was generated from a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan. The models of the articular disc, capsule, periodontal ligament and CTBA were constructed mathematically. After assigning the appropriate material properties and the boundary condition using ABAQUS software, we simulated the CTBA with different bite blocks to analyse the mechanical effects. RESULTS: In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region, the posterior aspect of the condyle and glenoid fossa experienced tensile stress that was approximately about 22 times greater at 70° than at 45°. The Von Mises stress distribution on the articular disc tended to be uniform. The strain direction of the condyle was backward. In the maxillary bone, the stress on the labial alveolar bone was about 5.83MPa at 70° and greater than that on the lingual side. The resulting displacement of the dentition revealed a tendency for the upper teeth to shift backward and the lower teeth to move forward by 0.46 to 0.49mm. The foregoing stress and displacement rose as the angle of the bite blocks increased. CONCLUSIONS: CTBA with 70° bite blocks constituted an advantageous biomechanical setting for the treatment of mandibular retrognathia in teenagers and provided a superior therapeutic effect.

Enable Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Biomimetic Actuation with Asymmetric Design of Graphene-Conjugated Conductive Polymer Gradient Film.

In this paper, multiresponsive actuators based on asymmetric design of graphene-conjugated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) gradient films have been developed by a simple drop casting method. The biomimetic actuation is attributed to the hygroscopic expansion property of PEDOT:PSS and the gradient distribution of graphene sheets within the film, which resembles the hierarchical swelling tissues of some plants in nature. Graphene-conjugated PEDOT:PSS (GCP) actuators exhibit reversible bending behavior under multistimuli such as moisture, organic vapor, electrothermal, and photothermal heating. Noticeably, the bending curvature reaches 2.15 cm-1 under applied voltage as low as 1.5 V owing to the high electrical conductivity of GCP actuator. To mimic the motions of nyctinastic plants, a GCP artificial flower that spreads its petals under sunlight illumination has been fabricated. GCP actuators have been also demonstrated as intelligent light-controlled switches for light-emitting diodes and smart curtains for thermal management. Not only do the GCP gradient films exhibit potential applications in flexible electronics and energy harvesting/storage devices but also the facile fabrication of multiresponsive GCP actuators may shed light on the development of soft robotics, artificial muscles, wearable electronics, and smart sensors.

Predictive validation of existing bleeding and thromboembolic scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The validation of various risk scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been reported. The present study compared the predictive performance of existing risk scores in these patients. METHODS: A total of 1252 elderly patients with AF and ACS comorbidities (≥ 65 years old) were consecutively enrolled from January 2015 to December 2019. All patients were followed up for one year. The predictive performance of risk scores in predicting bleeding and thromboembolic events was calculated and compared. RESULTS: During the 1-year follow-up, 183 (14.6%) patients had thromboembolic events, 198 (15.8%) patients had BARC class ≥ 2 bleeding events, and 61 (4.9%) patients had BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. For the BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events, discrimination of the existing risk scores was low to moderate, PRECISE-DAPT (C-statistic: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.611-0.665), ATRIA (C-statistic: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.587-0.642), PARIS-MB (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), HAS-BLED (C-statistic: 0.597, 95% CI: 0.569-0.624) and CRUSADE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). However, the calibration was good. PRECISE-DAPT showed a higher integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) than PARIS-MB, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and CRUSADE (P < 0.05) and the best decision curve analysis (DCA). For thromboembolic events, the discrimination of GRACE (C-statistic: 0.636, 95% CI: 0.608-0.662) was higher than CHA2DS2-VASc (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), OPT-CAD (C-statistic: 0.602, 95% CI: 0.574-0.629) and PARIS-CTE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). The calibration was good. Compared to OPT-CAD and PARIS-CTE, the IDI of the GRACE score slightly improved (P < 0.05). However, NRI analysis showed no significant difference. DCA showed that the clinical practicability of thromboembolic risk scores was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The discrimination and calibration of existing risk scores in predicting 1-year thromboembolic and bleeding events were unsatisfactory in elderly patients with comorbid AF and ACS. PRECISE-DAPT showed higher IDI and DCA than other risk scores in predicting BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. The GRACE score showed a slight advantage in predicting thrombotic events.

Will emission trading promote enterprise diversification? Evidence from China.

This study examines the impact of the Chinese regional emission trading system (ETS) pilots on enterprise transformation from the perspective of diversification. We use data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2021, and adopt the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) models. The empirical results show that first, the ETS significantly increases the product quantity and revenue diversification of regulated firms. Second, the ETS promotes enterprise diversification through three channels: emission cost, emission risk, and market efficiency. Third, the ETS has a greater impact on the diversification of state-owned enterprises, firms with high business concentration, and firms with low innovation investment. Fourth, the ETS-driven diversification has not been successful as it has increased firms' costs and reduced their profitability. We recommend introducing industrial policies to guide the transformation of enterprises, encourage them to improve their innovation capabilities, and choose appropriate transformation strategies.

Clinical finite element analysis of mandibular displacement model treated with Twin-block appliance.

INTRODUCTION: The mechanical distribution of the mandible is an important factor that affects functional orthosis during Twin-block (TB) appliance correction. Changes in the mandible before and after TB appliance correction are also key factors in maintaining the therapeutic effect. Finite element analysis, a powerful numerical, analytical tool, is widely used to predict the stress and strain distribution of the craniofacial bone that orthodontics generates. METHODS: The sample was a 14-year-old male patient with Class II malocclusion during growth. A cone-beam computed tomography scan was undertaken at pretreatment and posttreatment. In the Finite element analysis of the pretreatment model, the remote displacement model of the mandible was established with the sella point as the center. A mandibular model under TB appliance loading was established. Its mandibular displacement and von Mises stress were compared before and after loading. Three-dimensional registration was conducted on the pretreatment and posttreatment models to measure the sagittal displacement of the centrosome. RESULTS: The force on the mandible occurred mainly in the condyle neck and medial mandible after the TB appliance moved the mandible. After displacement, the posterior upper margin of the condyle was farther away from the articular fossa. Three-dimensional registration results showed that new bone had formed behind and above the condyle after TB appliance treatment. CONCLUSION: The TB appliance provides additional advantages in treating skeletal Class II malocclusions by helping to reduce the burden on the temporomandibular joint and promoting the adaptive reconstruction of the mandible.

Effect of N6-methyladenosine methylation-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Background and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death in humans. Increasing evidence indicates that an imbalance in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is linked to the occurrence and development of cancer. We then developed a prognostic model as an independent risk factor with which predict the prognosis of HCC. Methods: We obtained the gene expression and clinical data of HCC patients from the TCGA databases. The prognostic value of m6A methylation-related genes in patients who had HCC were subjected to comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We use Risk Score = ∑ i = 1 n Coe f i × X i to construct the risk scoring formula. We collected pathological specimens from 68 patients who had HCC, and conducted immunohistochemical staining experiments on the specimens. Results: There was a significant correlation between candidate m6A methylation-related genes (YTHDF2, METTL14 and ZC3H13) overall survival of HCC patients. Among the 68 HCC patient specimens that underwent immunohistochemical staining, all cancer tissues were positive for METTL14, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13 staining in contrast to the adjacent tissues. We conducted a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The results showed that patients who had low METTL14 expression had a longer survival time than those of patients who had high METTL14 expression. Also, patients with low YTHDF2 expression had a longer survival time than patients with high YTHDF2 expression. Finally, patients with high ZC3H13 expression lived longer than those with low ZC3H13 expression. This result is consistent with the bioinformatics analysis conclusion above. Conclusions: Generally, the prognostic model that was based on m6A methylation-related genes in this study can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients.

Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Multiple Mycotoxins in Edible and Medicinal Plants.

Edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are widely used but are easily infected by harmful fungi which produce mycotoxins. Herein, 127 samples from 11 provinces were collected to investigate 15 mycotoxins based on geographic, demographic, processing, and risk characteristics. A total of 13 mycotoxins were detected, and aflatoxin B1 (0.56~97.00 µg/kg), deoxynivalenol (9.41~1570.35 µg/kg), fumonisin B1 (8.25~1875.77 µg/kg), fumonisin B2 (2.74~543.01 µg/kg), ochratoxin A (0.62~19.30 µg/kg), and zearalenone (1.64~2376.58 µg/kg) occurred more frequently. Mycotoxin levels and species were significantly different by region, types of EMPs, and method of processing. The margin of exposure (MOE) values was well below the safe MOE (10,000). AFB1 exposure from Coix seed and malt consumption in China was of high health concern. The hazard Index (HI) method showed the range of 113.15~130.73% for malt, indicating a public health concern. In conclusion, EMPs should be concerned because of the cumulative effects of co-occurred mycotoxins, and safety management strategies should be developed in follow-up studies.

Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomics-based characterization of a novel ß-cypermethrin-degrading Gordonia alkanivorans GH-1 isolated from fermented foods.

Beta-cypermethrin (ß-CY) is an organic compound that is widely used as a synthetic pesticide in agriculture and family. Excessive accumulation of ß-CY inevitably causes environmental pollution, which has led to food safety and human health concerns. Identification of microorganisms from food sources that are capable of ß-CY biodegradation may help prevent pollution due to ß-CY accumulation. Here, Gordonia alkanivorans GH-1, which was isolated from the traditional Sichuan fermented food, Pixian Doubanjiang, could not only degrade 82.76% of 50 mg/L ß-CY at 96 h, but also degraded the intermediate degradation products including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzoic acid (BA) and phenol (Ph). This bacterial strain, thus, effectively improved the efficiency of removal of ß-CY and its related metabolites, without being limited by toxic intermediates. Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomics analyses have demonstrated that the bacteria affected the transcription of genes related to cell response and material transport under the stress induced by ß-CY, and thereby promoted degradation and transformation of ß-CY. Moreover, a complete pathway of ß-CY degradation is proposed based on the key genes involved in degradation. This study provides important theoretical significance and reference value for eliminating pesticide residues in agricultural products and food to ensure food safety.

Comparison of two commercial methods with a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of multiple mycotoxins in cereals.

Immunoassay-based techniques are important on-site screening tools for the detection of mycotoxins in cereals. This study aims to evaluate the trueness, precision, repeatability and cross-reactivity of commercially available test strips, ELISA kits and UHPLC-MS/MS on analyzing zearalenone, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1. The results showed that false negative rate (25.7 %-37.4 %) of all tested mycotoxins by test strips was higher than the false positive rate (0 %-31.0 %). The repeatability of ELISA kits at the declared LOD dispersed from -85.7 % to +98.4 %. ELISA kits were more accurate at 50 % of the maximum residue limit (MRL) of mycotoxins than 150 % and 200 %. All the tested deoxynivalenol/zearalenone derivatives had cross-reactivity with different level, and sample matrix could reinforce this overestimation of target mycotoxin. This study emphasized that higher-quality antibody screening and more analytical performance investigations are need to address for on-site detection of mycotoxins in the future.