RESUMO
In this study, beef was marinated with different low-sodium salt substitutes and heated and aged by employing superheated steam roasting and traditional roasting to investigate the effects of the various substitutes on the physicochemical properties, texture profile, sensory properties, volatile compounds, microstructural characteristics, and safety of cured and aged beef. Twenty kilograms of beef were arbitrarily divided into five treatments and pickled with different low-sodium salt substitutes. The results revealed no significant differences in saltiness, physicochemical characteristics, texture profile, or volatile compounds between the T2 and T3 and T1 (100% NaCl, T1; 75% KCl + 25% NaCl, T2; 50% KCl + 50% NaCl, T3) samples. Furthermore, the T4 and T5 (50% NaCl + 25% KCl + 20% MgCl2 + 5% CaCl2, T4; 100% yeast extract, T5) samples had lower saltiness than the T1 sample. The plasmolysis percentage and osmotic pressure of the T2 and T3 samples were lower than those of the T1 sample. Therefore, reducing sodium by substituting NaCl with 50% KCl or 75% KCl maintained an acceptable sensory and safety profile for beef consumption.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the area and radius of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with DM (113 eyes) and 62 healthy controls (85 eyes) were included in the study. All of the participants underwent examination with OCT angiography. The vertical radius (VR), horizontal radius (HR) and area of the FAZ were measured. RESULTS: The differences in HR, VR and area between the control and DM groups were statistically significant (p = 0.01, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the control group and the no-diabetic retinopathy (DR) group in HR or VR (p = 0.07 and 0.08, respectively), but there was a statistically significant difference in area (p = 0.04). The size of the FAZ was greater in patients with DR compared to the control group. The differences in HR, VR and area were statistically significant (p = 0.01, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). In addition, the clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) group also had a larger FAZ area than the non-CSME group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DM had a larger FAZ, and patients with more severely damaged retinas had a much larger FAZ. OCT angiography is a new convenient and noninvasive method for studying the FAZ. This novel examination will yield considerable amounts of data that cannot be obtained using previous research methods.
