[Homing and characteristic analysis of macrophage in immune-mediated aplastic anemia model mice].

To investigate the dynamic homing process and characteristics of macrophages in different organs of immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA) model mice. Macrophages in donor lymph nodes were sorted by magnetic beads and labeled with PKH67. After modeling according to the preparation method of the AA model, peripheral blood rountine analysis, bone marrow biopsy and HE staining results were analyzed to verify the modeling effect. On days 4, 8, and 12 of modeling, the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node mononuclear cells were collected, and dynamic changes of PKH67-labeled macrophages in donor mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. In this study, dynamic changes in PKH67-labeled macrophages in the pathogenesis of AA model mice were explored. Macrophages in donor mice homed to the lymph nodes, expanding and differentiating in the lymph nodes, and finally transported to the bone marrow and spleen. Through proteomics mass spectrometry analysis, the related immune inflammatory response pathway of macrophages involved in the activation of the AA bone marrow microenvironment was preliminarily revealed, which provides a basis for the pathological macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of AA model mice.

[Analysis of 10 cases of brentuximab vedotin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of children with refractory and or relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CD30 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with chemotherapy in children with refractory or relapsed classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (R/R cHL). Methods: Clinical data (including age, gender, B symptoms, clinical stage, previous treatment, etc.) of the 10 R/R cHL children diagnosed and treated at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from October 2021 to August 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different intensity of chemotherapy drugs, the dose of BV applied in the same course of treatment was 1.8 mg/kg for BV applied once every 3 weeks, and 1.2 mg/kg for BV applied once every 2 weeks. All 10 patients received at least 2 cycles of BV combined with chemotherapy and were evaluated every 2 cycles. The patients were followed up until May 31, 2024. The infusion reactions and adverse reactions after treatment were recorded. Results: In all 10 patients, there were 7 males and 3 females, the age ranged from 5.3-16.9 years, and there were 6 cases of refractory and 4 cases of relapsed. There were 6 cases of nodular sclerosis type, 2 cases of mixed cell type, 1 case of lymphocyte-rich type, and 1 case of lymphodepletion type. There were 5 cases of stage Ⅳ and 5 cases of stage Ⅲ. Previous treatment was mainly chemotherapy, 4 cases received radiotherapy and 1 case received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. The follow-up time ranged from 9 to 27 months. A total of 43 courses with 49 doses of BV alone or combined with chemotherapy were recorded, and the number of courses was 2 to 10 times. All 10 children responded to the treatment, and 9 achieved complete remission. BV infusion was successfully completed in all cases. A total of 28 cases of grade 3 or above adverse events were recorded, mainly myelosuppression, all of which were related to chemotherapy and did not affect sequential treatment. Conclusion: Brentuximab vedotin has demonstrated efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in the treatment of refractory and relapsed CD30-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in children.

[Analysis of pediatric heart transplantation supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with end-stage heart failure who receive heart transplant under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods: The clinical data of 12 pediatric patients who received heart transplant with ECMO support in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2023 was collected. The data included sex, age, weight, diagnosis, pre-ECMO lactate level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), and preoperative ECMO running time. Surgical data included cold ischemia time of the donor heart, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative use of immunosuppressant, postoperative use of ECMO, duration of postoperative ECMO, rate of successful weaning from ECMO, and survival discharge rate. The paired t-test was performed to compare cardiac function indices before and after left ventricular decompression. Results: The 12 patients ranged in age from 1.1 to 15.8 years, and weighted from 8 to 63 kg. Ten children were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, one with myocardial underdensification, and one with a novel heterozygous mutation of the SCN5A gene causing overlap syndrome complicated by fatal arrhythmia. Before ECMO, the lactate ranged from 0.6 to>15.0 mmol/L, the LVEF from 6.5% to 43%, and VIS from 3 to 108. Four patients underwent left ventricular decompression supported by preoperative ECMO, and their pulse pressure was significantly increased after decompression ((17.8±2.1) vs. (9.8±1.5) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=11.31, P=0.001), while there was no apparent change in LVEF ((26.8±4.4)% vs. (24.9±4.9)%, t=1.75, P=0.178). A total of 7 children received a second run of ECMO after surgery and 3 of them successfully weaned off ECMO and survived to discharge. In the entire cohort, 10 were successfully weaned from ECMO and 8 survived to discharge. Conclusions: For children with end-stage heart failure supported by ECMO, left ventricular decompression can significantly improve pulse pressure. These patients will eventually require heart transplantation.

[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of dual immunotherapy in patients with driver gene and programmed death ligand-1 double negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To discuss the efficacy and safety of the dual immunotherapy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are double negative for driver gene and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Methods: We conducted a retrospective collection of clinical data for 61 patients with advanced NSCLC who were negative for both driver genes and PD-L1 and received dual immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2019 to June 2023. Based on treatment conditions, patients were divided into first-line and non-first-line dual immunotherapy groups. Patients were followed up monthly, with the follow-up period ending on October 1, 2023. The efficacy was evaluated using Solid Tumor Response Evaluation Criteria, and adverse reactions were assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events developed by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare the differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between first-line and non-first-line dual immunotherapy patients. The influence factors of PFS were analyzed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Among the 61 NSCLC patients, 49 were male (80.3%), with an age range of 23-88 years [(65.3±7.4) years]. There were 14 cases (23.0%) classified as stage ⅢC and 47 cases (77.0%) classified as stage Ⅳ according to TNM staging. Forty cases (65.6%) received non-first-line treatment. The objective response rate (ORR) was 24.6% (15/61), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 52.5% (32/61). All 61 patients were followed up, with a median follow-up time of 17.8 months. The median PFS was 6.0 months (95%CI: 5.5-6.4 months), and the median OS was 17.0 months (95%CI: 14.8-19.2 months). For patients receiving first-line dual immunotherapy, the median PFS was longer than for those receiving non-first-line dual immunotherapy [7.0 months (95%CI: 6.0-7.9 months) vs 4.0 months (95%CI: 3.3-4.6 months), P<0.001]; similarly, the median OS for patients receiving first-line dual immunotherapy was longer than for those receiving non-first-line dual immunotherapy [19.0 months (95%CI: 18.1-19.9 months) vs 13.0 months (95%CI: 10.8-15.1 months), P<0.001]. Multivariate Cox risk regression model analysis showed that distant tumor metastasis (HR=1.414, 95%CI: 1.253-1.725), non-first-line dual immunotherapy (HR=1.412, 95%CI: 1.184-1.652), and tumor mutation burden<10 mut/Mb (HR=1.328, 95%CI: 1.151-1.546) were risk factors for PFS, while non-squamous carcinoma (HR=0.917, 95%CI: 0.823-0.984) was a protective factor for PFS. Immune-related adverse reactions occurred in 41 cases (67.2%), including 21 cases (32.8%) of grade 3-4 adverse reactions. Eight cases (13.1%) discontinued treatment, and there were no deaths. Conclusions: Dual immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab can be a treatment option for driver gene and PD-L1 double-negative advanced NSCLC. Distant tumor metastasis, non-first-line dual immunotherapy, and tumor mutation burden<10 mut/Mb are risk factors affecting patients' PFS, while non-squamous cell carcinoma is a protective factor affecting patients' PFS.

[Interim efficacy of a multicenter cohort study for China Net Childhood Lymphoma mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 regimen in the treatment of pediatric High-grade-B cell lymphoma].

Objective: To analyze the mid-term efficacy of the China Net Childhood Lymphoma mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen in treating children with high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL). Methods: Clinical and pathological data of HGBL children aged≤18 years admitted to 16 hospitals of the Chinese Children's Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CNCL) from May 2017 to April 2021 were collected retrospectively. They were divided in to high-grade B-cell lymphoma with double hit/triple hit (HGBL-DH/TH) group and high-grade B-cell lymphoma non-specified (HGBL-NOS) group, according to the 2016 version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues Cancer Classification. Both groups of patients were treated with stratified chemotherapy by risk according to the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 scheme. The deadline for follow-up was December 31, 2023. All the patients were examined by chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the rearrangement of genes MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 was confirmed. The clinical and pathological characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of patients in different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was drawn by Kaplan Meier method, the log-rank test was used to compare the differences in the cumulative survival rate between different groups, and multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, with an onset age [M(Q1, Q3)] of 7 (4, 11) years, including 48 males and 14 females. There were 11 (17.7%) patients in stageⅡ, 33(53.2%)patients in stage Ⅲ and 18(29.1%)patients in stage Ⅳ. FISH testing showed that 4 cases (6.5%) were HGBL-DH and 3 (4.8%) were HGBL-TH. The remaining 55 cases (88.7%) were HGBL-NOS, with 18 cases accompanied by MYC rearrangement. There were 7 cases in the HGBL-DH/TH group and 55 cases in the HGBL-NOS group. Thirteen cases (20.9%) were treated with the B1 regimen, 3 cases (4.8%) with B2 regimen, 37 cases (59.6%) with C1 regimen, and 9 cases (14.7%) with the C2 regimen. Forty-eight cases (77.4%) received rituximab therapy at the same time. Five cases (8.0%) progressed during treatment. The follow-up time [M(Q1, Q3)] was 43.5 (36.1, 53.7) months. The complete remission rate was 91.9% (57/62). The 3 year overall survival rate was 93.5% and event-free survival (EFS) rate was 91.9%. The 3-year overall survival rate in the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that in the HGBL-DH/TH group (96.3% vs 71.4%, P=0.011). The 3-year EFS rate of the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that of the HGBL-DH/TH group (94.5% vs 71.4%, P=0.037). In the HGBL-NOS subgroup, the overall survival rate of children with MYC rearrangement was lower (100% vs 88.9%,P=0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that central invasion (HR=6.05, 95%CI: 1.96-38.13, P=0.046) was a risk factor for overall survival. Conclusion: CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen shows significant effects in the treatment of pediatric HGBL, with a good prognosis.

[Long-term efficacy and prognostic factors of Beijing Children's Hospital-2009-lymphoblastic lymphoma in the treatment of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in children and adolescents].

Objective: To summarize the long-term efficacy of Beijing Children's Hospital-2009-lymphoblastic lymphoma (BCH-2009-LBL) in the treatment of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) in children and adolescents and to explore the prognostic factors. Methods: T-LBL children admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2009 to April 2017 were retrospectively included. According to clinical stage, prognostic genes and treatment response, the children were divided into low, intermediate and high risk groups, and stratified treatment was performed according to the BCH-2009-LBL protocol, with follow-up until December 31, 2023. The clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of each group were compared. Survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference in survival rate between groups was compared by log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 146 patients were included, the age of disease onset [M(Q1, Q3)] was 8.0 (1.5, 14.0) years old. There were 107 (73.3%) males and 39 (26.7%) females. Clinical staging: 1 case in stage Ⅰ and 1 case in stage Ⅱ (0.7% each), 41 cases (28.1%) cases in stage Ⅲ and 103 cases(70.5%) in stage Ⅳ. There were 1 case (0.7%), 93 cases (63.7%), and 52 cases (35.6%) in the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively. The follow-up time was 121 (80, 180) months, and the 5-year and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) rates were 76.4% and 75.0%, respectively. The 5-year EFS rates of low, intermediate and high risk groups were 100.0%, 81.3% and 67.3%, respectively. There was significant difference in remission between the middle-risk group and the high-risk group on the 8th day of hormone pretreatment and at the end of induction (both P<0.05). Recurrence/progression occurred in 29 cases (recurrence rate 19.9%), and the recurrence time was 15 (3, 74) months, in which 26 cases died and only 3 cases survived. Infection-related death occurred in 6 cases (4.1%). The failure or progression of hormone pretreatment at d8 (HR=10.089, 95%CI: 1.266-80.387, P=0.029) and the failure to achieve complete remission at the end of induction (mid-term evaluation) (HR=7.638, 95%CI: 2.411-24.199, P=0.001) were the risk factors for EFS rate of intermediate risk group. The above indexes had no statistical significance on EFS rate in high-risk groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: BCH-2009-LBL regimen shows good efficacy in the treatment of pediatric T-LBL. The failure or progression of hormone pretreatment at d8 and the failure to achieve complete remission at the end of induction (mid-term evaluation) were the risk factors for EFS rate.

Development of a machine learning interatomic potential for exploring pressure-dependent kinetics of phase transitions in germanium.

We introduce a data-driven potential aimed at the investigation of pressure-dependent phase transitions in bulk germanium, including the estimate of kinetic barriers. This is achieved by suitably building a database including several configurations along minimum energy paths, as computed using the solid-state nudged elastic band method. After training the model based on density functional theory (DFT)-computed energies, forces, and stresses, we provide validation and rigorously test the potential on unexplored paths. The resulting agreement with the DFT calculations is remarkable in a wide range of pressures. The potential is exploited in large-scale isothermal-isobaric simulations, displaying local nucleation in the R8 to ß-Sn pressure-induced phase transformation, taken here as an illustrative example.

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter exports from subtropical humid catchment driven by hydrological connectivity.

The quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from source areas are closely related to hydrological linkage between source areas and streams, that is hydrological connectivity. However, understanding of how hydrological connectivity regulates the export of catchment DOM components remains inadequate. In this study, high-frequency monitoring of groundwater and runoff from subtropical humid catchment was conducted for 20 months, and hydrological connectivity was quantitatively characterized by considering both surface and subsurface hydrological processes. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was utilized to investigate the DOM molecular composition. Results showed that over half of the areas in the catchment could not persistently establish hydrological connectivity with the stream during the rainfall. The average proportion of lignin was the highest in DOM components, followed by tannin and proteins. Additionally, both modified aromaticity index and double bond equivalence reached maximums at peak discharge, reflecting terrestrial materials could increase DOM aromaticity and unsaturated degree. Partial least square-structural equation modeling revealed significantly direct effects of rainfall, antecedent conditions, and hydrological connectivity on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export. Furthermore, nonlinear relationships were observed between hydrological connectivity and DOC, tannin, and condensed aromatics. Specifically, the instantaneous DOC flux increased dramatically when the hydrological connectivity strength exceeded 0.14; tannin and condensed aromatics exhibited a rapid increase with rising connectivity strength, but remained stable at connectivity strength above 0.25. However, hydrological connectivity showed no significant correlation with unstable components (such as lipids, protein, amino sugars, and carbohydrates). These results provide new insights into hydrological controls on the quantity and quality of DOM export and contribute to developing appropriate catchment management strategies for carbon storage.

[Retrospective study of role of neoadjuvant rectal scores in evaluating the 10-year disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score and long-term survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 487 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma from October 2004 to April 2014 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed and the impact of NAR score on prognosis studied. Disease-free-survival (DFS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and survivals compared using the log-rank test. Cox models were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive capability of NAR and tumor regression grade scores for the risk of 10-year postoperative recurrence and metastasis. The Delong test was employed to compare the diagnostic performance of the two scores. Results: Of the 487 patients included in the study, 166 were men (34.1%). The median age was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 46-63). All patients completed adequate preoperative chemoradiotherapy and underwent R0 resection.The median interval between the end of chemoradiotherapy and surgery was 51 days (IQR: 44-58). Post-chemoradiotherapy downstaging occurred in 329 patients (67.6%). Tumor regression grades (TRGs) were 1-2 in 246 patients (50.5%) and 3-4 in 241 patients (49.5%). A total of 394 patients (80.9%) received postoperative chemotherapy. NAR scores were <8 in 182 patients (37.4%), 8-16 in 180 (37.0%), and >16 in 125 (25.6%). The median follow-up time was 111.5 months (IQR: 70.7-133.7 months). One hundred and thirteen patients died of rectal cancer, among whom 13 patients developed local recurrence, 88 patients developed distant metastasis, and 12 patients had unknown recurrence patterns. The 10-year DFS and overall survival rate of f the whole group were 68.9% and 71.5% respectively. The 10-year DFS rates for patients with NAR scores <8, 8-16, and >16 were 85.1%, 80.5%, and 66.4%, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that the Dixon operation (HR=0.606, 95%CI: 0.408-0.902, P=0.014), and >16 (HR=2.569, 95%CI: 1.559-4.233, P<0.001) were independent predictors of the 10-year DFS of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (P<0.05 for all). In the entire patient cohort, the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve for NAR score predicting 10-year recurrence and metastasis was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.62-0.72), whereas the AUC for TRG score was 0.54 (95%CI: 0.49-0.60). The two scores differed significantly in accuracy (Z=-4.06, P<0.001), the NAR score being a significantly better predictor of risk of 10-year recurrence and metastasis than the TRG score. Conclusion: The NAR score is a reliable predictor of 10-year DFS in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by curative surgery.

Efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs combined with physiotherapy for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Frozen shoulder is a prevalent condition among individuals in their middle and later years. Invasive therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of frozen shoulders, but its widespread adoption has been hampered by high costs and the need for advanced medical technology. As a result, patients with frozen shoulders often turn to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptomatic relief. However, the oral administration of NSAIDs can lead to troublesome adverse effects on the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary systems. In contrast, topical NSAIDs have gained attention for their excellent efficacy and lower adverse effects in various chronic pain conditions. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs in improving pain and mobility among patients with frozen shoulders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 108 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain and mobility impairment due to frozen shoulder were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=72) or the control group (n=36). The experimental group received daily treatment with the loxoprofen hydrogel patch (LOX-P) in addition to basic rehabilitation physiotherapy. The control group was treated with flurbiprofen cataplasm (FLU-C) twice a day, along with rehabilitation physiotherapy. The primary endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of the two patches was the Constant-Murley score (CMS). Clinical symptom data, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were also recorded. RESULTS: After 14 days of treatment, the effective rate was 66.67% (n=48) in the experimental group and 41.67% (n=15) in the control group. The overall difference in the effective rates was 25.00% (95% CI=5.20-42.52; p=0.013). The safety profiles of the two topical agents were similar, with only a few adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS: The loxoprofen hydrogel patch demonstrates a significant ability to alleviate shoulder pain and restore shoulder function in the treatment of frozen shoulder, with minimal adverse reactions. Chictr.org.cn ID: ChiCTR2100052375.

ELABELA-APJ Axis Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Migration via the METTL3/PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a strong therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. ELABELA (ELA) is a 32 amino acid peptide that binds to the apelin peptide jejunum receptor (APJ) to regulate cell proliferation and migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of ELA vis-a-vis the MSC proliferation and migration, and further explore the underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that the exogenous supplement of ELA boosts the proliferation and migration ability of MSCs, alongside improved in vitro cell viability. These capabilities were rendered moot upon APJ knockdown. In addition, ELA (5-20 µM) was shown to upregulate the expression of METTL3 in a concentrationdependent pattern, a capacity which was suppressed by APJ reduction, whereas the downregulation of METTL3 expression blocked the beneficial effects induced by ELA. ELA was also observed to upregulate the phosphorylation level of AKT. This ELA-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, however, is inhibited with knockdown of METTL3. Our data indicate that ELA could act as a promoter of MSC proliferation and migration in vitro through the APJ receptor, something which might be attributed to the activation of the METTL3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, ELA is a candidate for optimizing MSC-based cell therapy, while METTL3 is a potential target for its promoting action on MSCs.

Predictive value of spectral computed tomography parameters for EGFR gene mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer.

AIM: To explore the predictive value of morphological signs and quantitative parameters from spectral CT for EGFR gene mutations in intermediate and advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients with intermediate or advanced NSCLC at Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. The patients were divided into the EGFR gene mutation-positive and -negative groups. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients aged 60.75 ± 9.66 years old were included: 32 were EGFR mutation-positive, and 47 were negative. There were significant differences in pathological stage (P<0.001), tumor diameter (P=0.019), lobulation sign, intrapulmonary metastasis, mediastinal lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis (P<0.001), bone metastasis (P<0.001), arterial phase normalized iodine concentration (NIC) (P=0.001), venous phase NIC (P=0.001), slope of the energy spectrum curve (λ) (P<0.001), and CT value at 70 keV in arterial phase (P=0.004) and venous phase (P=0.003) between the EGFR mutation-positive and -negative patients. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that intrapulmonary metastasis, distant metastasis, venous phase NIC, venous phase λ, and pathological stage were independent factors predicting EGFR gene mutations, with high diagnostic power (AUC = 0.975, 91.5% sensitivity, and 90.6% specificity). CONCLUSION: The pathological stage and the spectral CT parameters of intrapulmonary metastasis, distant metastasis, venous phase NIC, and venous phase λ might pre-operatively predict EGFR gene mutations in intermediate and advanced NSCLC.

[Clinical study of 15 cases of primary non-immunodeficient central nervous system lymphoma in children].

Clinical data of 15 primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) children aged ≤18 years admitted to our hospital between May 2013 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Our goal was to summarize the clinical features of children and investigate the therapeutic effect of a high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) based chemotherapy regimen on this disease. The male-to-female ratio was 2.7∶1, and the median age was 7.2 (2.3-16.4) years at diagnosis. The initial clinical symptoms were primarily cranial hypertension, with imaging findings revealing multiple lesions. Pediatric PCNSL with normal immune function has a favorable prognosis with HD-MTX-based chemotherapy. Patients with a stable disease can be treated with minimal or no maintenance. HD-MTX-based chemotherapy remains effective when the disease progresses or recurs after an initial course of non-HD-MTX-based chemotherapy.

Dynamic stabilization of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the presence of a temporally modulated laser pulse.

This paper presents a numeric study of the dynamic stabilization of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (ARTI) in the presence of a temporally modulated laser pulse. The results show that the specially modulated laser produces a dynamically stabilized configuration near the ablation front. The physical features of the relevant laser-driven parameters in the unperturbed ablative flows have been analyzed to reveal the inherent stability mechanism underlying the dynamically stabilized configuration. A single-mode ARTI for the modulated laser pulse is first compared with that of the unmodulated laser pulse. The results show that the modulated laser stabilizes the surface perturbations and reduces the linear growth rate and enhancement of the cutoff wavelength. For multimode perturbations, the dynamic stabilization effect of the modulated laser pulse contributes to suppress the small-scale structure and reduce the width of the mixing layer. Moreover, the results show that the stabilization effect of the modulated laser pulse decreases as the maximum wavelength increases.

Subsurface hydrological connectivity controls nitrate export flux in a hilly catchment.

Subsurface runoff represents the main pathway of nitrate transport in hilly catchments. The magnitude of nitrate export from a source area is closely related to subsurface hydrological connectivity, which refers to the linkage of separate regions of a catchment via subsurface runoff. However, understanding of how subsurface hydrological connectivity regulates catchment nitrate export remains insufficient. This study conducted high-frequency monitoring of shallow groundwater in a hilly catchment over 17 months. Subsurface hydrological connectivity of the catchment over 38 rainfall events was analyzed by combining topography-based upscaling of shallow groundwater and graph theory. Moreover, cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the time-series similarity between subsurface hydrological connectivity and nitrate flux during rainfall events. The results showed that the maximum subsurface hydrological connectivity during 32 out of 38 rainfall events was below 0.5. Although subsurface flow paths (i.e., the pathways of lateral subsurface runoff) exhibited clear dynamic extension and contraction during rainfall events, most areas in the catchment did not establish subsurface hydrological connectivity with the stream. The primary pattern of nitrate export was flushing (44.7%), followed by dilution (34.2%), and chemostatic behavior (21.1%). A threshold relationship between subsurface hydrological connectivity and nitrate flux was identified, with nitrate flux rapidly increasing after the subsurface connectivity strength exceeded 0.121. Moreover, the median value of cross-correlation coefficients reached 0.67, which indicated subsurface hydrological connectivity exerts a strong control on nitrate flux. However, this control effect is not constant and it increases with rainfall amount and intensity as a power function. The results of this study provide comprehensive insights into the subsurface hydrological control of catchment nitrate export.

Predictive effect of net water uptake on futile recanalisation in patients with acute large-vessel occlusion stroke.

AIM: To determine whether net water uptake (NWU) based on automated software evaluation could predict futile recanalisation in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion (LVO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with acute anterior circulation LVO undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in Jinling Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. NWU and other baseline data were evaluated by performing univariate and multivariate analyses. The primary endpoint was 90-day modified Rankin scale score ≥3. A nomogram to predict poor clinical outcomes was developed based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 135 patients who underwent thrombectomy with a TICI grade ≥2b were enrolled. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were identified as independent predictors of futile recanalisation: age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.055, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.004-1.110, p=0.035), female (OR: 0.289, 95 % CI: 0.098-0.850, p=0.024), hypertension (OR: 3.182, 95 % CI: 1.160-8.728, p=0.025), high blood glucose level (OR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.087-1.701, p=0.007), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR: 1.082, 95 % CI: 1.003-1.168, p=0.043), and NWU (OR: 1.312, 95 % CI: 1.038-1.659, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: NWU based on Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (CT) Score (ASPECTS) could be used to predict the occurrence of futile recanalisation in patients with acute anterior circulation LVO ischaemic stroke.

[Progress and prospects of liquid-liquid phase separation in developmental diseases].

Membrane-bound organelles as well as membrane-free compartments exist in eukaryotic cells, which divide the nucleus and cytoplasm into distinct subregions and allow specific biochemical reactions to occur. The physiological mechanisms of membrane-bound organelles have been extensively characterized, but the formation and function of membrane-free compartments have not been thoroughly studied. Over the past decade, significant progress had been made in the studies about the role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the formation of membrane-free organelles. LLPS which serves as an aggregated separation mechanism for cellular biochemical reactions, is associated with a variety of physiological processes such as signal transduction and gene transcriptional regulation; while aberrant LLPS may contribute to the occurrence of developmental diseases. The present review investigates the role of LLPS as a mechanism of aggregation and segregation of cellular biochemical responses. The mechanisms of LLPS development and recent advances in the relationships between aberrant LLPS and developmental diseases are forward discussed, as well as how these advances may aid in the development of LLPS-based therapies.

Post-operative vestibular and equilibrium evaluation in patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the pre- and post-operative vestibular and equilibrium functions of patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas who underwent different management methods. METHODS: Data from 49 patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas who underwent one of three surgical procedures were retrospectively analysed. The three management options were fistula repair, obliteration and canal occlusion. RESULTS: Patients underwent fistula repair (n = 8), canal occlusion (n = 18) or obliteration procedures (n = 23). Patients in the fistula repair and canal occlusion groups suffered from post-operative vertigo and imbalance, which persisted for longer than in those in the obliteration group. Despite receiving different management strategies, all patients achieved complete recovery of equilibrium functions through persistent efforts in rehabilitation exercises. CONCLUSION: Complete removal of the cholesteatoma matrix overlying the fistula is reliable for preventing iatrogenic hearing deterioration due to unremitting labyrinthitis. Thus, among the three fistula treatments, obliteration is the optimal method for preserving post-operative vestibular functions.

Silicon nanowire FET biosensor and its application in acute myocardial infarction.

Over the last two decades, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) with prominent merits of high surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biocompatibility and mature fabrication with standard silicon technology, have been widely studied as ultrahigh sensitive biosensors for the detection of target biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, cells and viruses so on. Herein we present a comprehensive review of the fundamental aspects of SiNW-FET biosensors, involving the working principle and the device fabrication, surface functionalization, and system integration with fluid exchange and electrical detection. Futhermore, we emphatically discuss the electrical detection of cardiac-specific biomarkers related to acute myocardial infarction disease. SiNW-FET biosensors are being increasingly exploited as promising diagnostic devices, which provide high sensitivity, high integration density, high speed sampling, strong specificity, and real-time and label-free detection for simple and cheap clinical testing.