Intracranial mesenchymal tumor with multiple extracranial metastases: A case report and literature review.

This study presents a rare case of an older woman with an intracranial mesenchymal tumor in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Despite prompt surgical intervention, her condition rapidly deteriorated because of tumor dissemination, leading to her demise. We highlight the tumor's marked invasiveness and heterogeneity, coupled with a propensity for distant systemic metastasis, which negatively impacted the patient's prognosis. This particular clinical behavior had not been previously reported, making this a novel observation. Thus, through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable insights for further understanding, diagnosing, and treating such tumors.

[Progress on relationship between transforming growth factor-beta1 and tendinopathy].

As a common soft tissue disease, the mechanism of tendinopathy has not been clarified and is lack of effective treatment method. Change of tissue fibrosis is the one of the main pathological features. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), which is one of the important factor, participated in fibrosis. Inconsonant expressions of TGF-ß1 could be found in tendinopathy. The studies are still controversial, but the vast majority of studies had showed that TGF-ß1 was abnormal, and it is given priority to increase, which means that TGF-ß1 plays an important role in the process of tendinopathy. In the process of tendon injuries and repairs, the time of TGF-ß1 increasing is inconsistent. The time for TGF-ß1 plays a significant role has not been determined. TGF-ß1 has abnormal expressions in both tendinopathy and tendon repairs, which are two opposite processes. Thus, it may not be a one-way adjustment factor, but has a pleiotropic. Recent studies showed that TGF-ß1 was considered as binding to receptor and transferring signal into the cell. Now there are three different receptors are found. The classical pathway of TGF-ß1 in intracellular signal transduction is mainly through activation of Smad pathway. In the same time, there are also some non-classical pathways. TGF-ß1 could break balance of extracellular matrix, which may be a reason to cause tendinopathy. But the regulations of TGF-ß1 on the extracellular matrix are complex and diverse, further studies are required. Existing researches showed that the performance of treatments on tendinopathy is unsatisfied by blocking TGF-ß1 downstream pathway. Therefore, it is a good way to study the upstream mechanism of produce TGF-ß1. It may be an effective method to find new targets to inhibit the development of tendinopathy better by finding the original source of TGF-ß1.

[Research advances in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with remnant preservation].

More ACL tissue were preserved in ACL reconstruction with remnant-preserving than in classic ACL reconstruction. Some studies showed the results in promoting biological healing after undergoing these two procedures, while other studies did not find the clear advantages in clinical outcomes comparing with the classical ACL reconstruction. There were still some controversies in clinical significances for these complicated ACL reconstructions with remnant-preserving. The article summarized recent original studies about ACL reconstruction with remnant-preserving, as well as reviewed the biological characteristics, classification, procedure and clinical outcomes for these two techniques.