Glucose oxidase: An emerging multidimensional treatment option for diabetic wound healing.

The healing of diabetic skin wounds is a complex process significantly affected by the hyperglycemic environment. In this context, glucose oxidase (GOx), by catalyzing glucose to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, not only modulates the hyperglycemic microenvironment but also possesses antibacterial and oxygen-supplying functions, thereby demonstrating immense potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Despite the growing interest in GOx-based therapeutic strategies in recent years, a systematic summary and review of these efforts have been lacking. To address this gap, this review article outlines the advancements in the application of GOx and GOx-like nanozymes in the treatment of diabetic wounds, including reaction mechanisms, the selection of carrier materials, and synergistic therapeutic strategies such as multi-enzyme combinations, microneedle structures, and gas therapy. Finally, the article looks forward to the application prospects of GOx in aiding the healing of diabetic wounds and the challenges faced in translating these innovations to clinical practice. We sincerely hope that this review can provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of GOx-based diabetic treatment strategies, facilitate the rigorous construction of more robust multifunctional therapeutic systems, and ultimately benefit patients with diabetic wounds.

Ambient-condition acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene over WS2-confined atomic Pd sites.

Ambient-condition acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene (AC-AHE) is a promising process for ethylene production with minimal additional energy input, yet remains a great challenge due to the difficulty in the coactivation of acetylene and H2 at room temperature. Herein, we report a highly efficient AC-AHE process over robust sulfur-confined atomic Pd species on tungsten sulfide surface. The catalyst exhibits over 99% acetylene conversion with a high ethylene selectivity of 70% at 25 oC, and a record space-time yield of ethylene of 1123 molC2H4 molPd-1 h-1 under ambient conditions, which is nearly four times that of the typical Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 catalyst, and exhibiting superior stability of over 500 h. We demonstrate that the confinement of Pd-S coordination induces positively-charged atomic Pdδ+, which not only facilitates C2H2 hydrogenation but also promotes C2H4 desorption, thereby enabling a high conversion of C2H2 to C2H4 at room temperature while suppressing over-hydrogenation to C2H6.

GRK2 Protein Mediates the ANRIL, a lncRNA, to Affect the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Kasumi-1 Cells.

BACKGROUND: A long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) called antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), has emerged as substantial regulators of cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its speciffc and potential mechanism is uncertain in AML. In this research, we investigated the role of ANRIL in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism in AML cells. METHODS: ANRIL expression was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Kasumi-1 cells were transfected with LV-ANRIL plasmid to upregulate ANRIL expression, with or without co-transfection with a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) siRNA. Additionally, these cells were transfected with sh-ANRIL plasmid to inhibit ANRIL expression, with or without co-transfection with a GRK2 overexpression plasmid. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry. Protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated-Akt (p-AKT), Bcl-2-associated protein x (BAX), B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (BCL-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, and GRK2 were detected by western blot. The RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to investigate the interaction between ANRIL and GRK2. RESULTS: ANRIL expression was increased in Kasumi-1 cells. ANRIL upregulation expression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, its upregulation led to increased expressions of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, PCNA, and BCL-2, and decreased expression of BAX in Kasumi-1 cells. Additionally, transfection with GRK2 siRNA attenuated the promoting effect of LV-ANRIL on Kasumi-1 cells proliferation and the PI3K/AKT pathway, increased BAX and cleaved caspase-3 expressions, and decreased BCL-2 and PCNA expressions. GRK2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-ANRIL on cell proliferation and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, it promoted BCL-2 and PCNA expressions, and inhibited BAX and cleaved caspase-3 expressions. RIP assay confirmed the physical interaction between ANRIL and GRK2. CONCLUSION: The GRK2 protein-mediated ANRIL, increasing Kasumi-1 cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/BCL-2 pathway.

Pharmacological regeneration of sensory hair cells restores afferent innervation and vestibular function.

The sensory cells that transduce the signals for hearing and balance are highly specialized mechanoreceptors called hair cells that reside in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. Loss of hair cells from toxin exposure and age can cause balance disorders and is essentially irreversible due to the inability of mammalian vestibular organs to regenerate physiologically active hair cells. Here, we show substantial regeneration of hair cells in a mouse model of vestibular damage by treatment with a combination of glycogen synthase kinase 3ß and histone deacetylase inhibitors. The drugs stimulated supporting cell proliferation and differentiation into hair cells. The new hair cells were reinnervated by vestibular afferent neurons, rescuing otolith function by restoring head translation-evoked otolith afferent responses and vestibuloocular reflexes. Drugs that regenerate hair cells thus represent a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of balance disorders.

Pulp calcification identification on cone beam computed tomography: an artificial intelligence pilot study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to verify the effectiveness of a deep neural network (DNN) in automatically identifying pulp calcification on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed 150 CBCT images. Pulp calcification was identified and manually annotated by three endodontists with 10 years of experience. A DNN model based on the U-Net architecture was constructed to identify pulp calcification, and ten rounds of fourfold cross-validation were conducted. The model performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: The model achieved a sensitivity of 75.91 ± 2.84% in automatically identifying pulp calcification, with a specificity of 68.88 ± 2.35%, an accuracy of 72.78 ± 2.13%, and an AUC of 73.68 ± 3.09%. According to the ranking for diagnostic tests, the proposed method achieved a "good" grade for sensitivity, accuracy, and AUC and a "fair" grade for specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the proposed method shows promise for identifying pulp calcification on CBCT images. Future research aims to expand the dataset and refine the model, thereby enhancing its clinical applicability. The integration of artificial intelligence into diagnostic and treatment systems is anticipated to increase the efficiency of diagnosing pulp calcification and assist dentists in assessing the difficulty of root canal treatment cases preoperatively. CLINICAL REGISTRATION: Registration was performed on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ) (Registration number: ChiCTR2300077078, 27/10/2023) and National Medical Research Registry Information System ( https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn/ , 30/10/2023) (Number: MR-44-23-039664).

CAWE-ACNN Algorithm for Coprime Sensor Array Adaptive Beamforming.

This paper presents a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on an attention convolutional neural network (ACNN) for coprime sensor arrays, named the CAWE-ACNN algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, via a spatial and channel attention unit, an ACNN model is constructed to enhance the features contributing to beamforming weight vector estimation and to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance, respectively. Then, an interference-plus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction algorithm is used to obtain an appropriate label for the proposed ACNN model. By the calculated label and the sample signals received from the coprime sensor arrays, the ACNN is well-trained and capable of accurately and efficiently outputting the beamforming weight vector. The simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm achieves excellent SINR performance and high computation efficiency.

Nutrition Management Miniprograms in WeChat: Evaluation of Functionality and Quality.

Background: With the rise in people's living standards and aging populations, a heightened emphasis has been placed in the field of medical and health care. In recent years, there has been a drastic increase in nutrition management in domestic research circles. The mobile nutritional health management platform based on WeChat miniprograms has been widely used to promote health and self-management and to monitor individual nutritional health status in China. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of comprehensive scientific evaluation regarding the functionality and quality of the diverse range of nutritional miniprograms that have surfaced in the market. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the functionality and quality of China's WeChat nutrition management miniprogram by using the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). Methods: This observational study involves quantitative methods. A keyword search for "nutrition," "diet," "food," and "meal" in Chinese or English was conducted on WeChat, and all miniprograms pertaining to these keywords were thoroughly analyzed. Then, basic information including name, registration date, update date, service type, user scores, and functional scores was extracted from January 2017 to November 2023. Rating scores were provided by users based on their experience and satisfaction with the use of the WeChat miniprogram, and functional scores were integrated and summarized for the primary functions of each miniprogram. Moreover, the quality of nutrition management applets was evaluated by 3 researchers independently using the uMARS. Results: Initially, 27 of 891 miniprograms identified were relevant to nutrition management. Among them, 85.2% (23/27) of them offered features for diet management, facilitating recording of daily dietary intake to evaluate nutritional status; 70.4% (19/27) provided resources for nutrition education and classroom instruction; 59.3% (16/27) included functionalities for exercise management, allowing users to record daily physical activity; and only 44.4% (12/27) featured components for weight management. The total quality score on the uMARS ranged 2.85-3.88 (median 3.38, IQR 3.14-3.57). Engagement scores on the uMARS varied from 2.00 to 4.33 (median 3.00, IQR 2.67-3.67). Functional dimension scores ranged from 3.00 to 4.00 (median 3.33, IQR 3.33-3.67), with a lower score of 2.67 and a higher score of 4.33 outside the reference range. Aesthetic dimension scores ranged from 2.33 to 4.67 (median 3.67, IQR 3.33-4.00). Informational dimension scores ranged from 2.33 to 4.67 (median 3.33, IQR 2.67-3.67). Conclusions: Our findings from the uMARS highlight a predominant emphasis on health aspects over nutritional specifications in the app supporting WeChat miniprograms related to nutrition management. The quality of these miniprograms is currently at an average level, with considerable room for functional improvements in the future.

Nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon.

Monoatomic-layered carbon materials, such as graphene1 and amorphous monolayer carbon2,3, have stimulated intense fundamental and applied research owing to their unprecedented physical properties and a wide range of promising applications4,5. So far, such materials have mainly been produced by chemical vapour deposition, which typically requires stringent reaction conditions compared to solution-phase synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate the solution preparation of free-standing nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon with mixed five-, six- and seven-membered (5-6-7-membered) rings through the polymerization of pyrrole within the confined interlayer cavity of a removable layered-double-hydroxide template. Structural characterizations and first-principles calculations suggest that the nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon was formed by radical polymerization of pyrrole at the α, ß and N sites subjected to confinement of the reaction space, which enables bond rearrangements through the Stone-Wales transformation. The spatial confinement inhibits the C-C bond rotation and chain entanglement during polymerization, resulting in an atom-thick continuous amorphous layer with an in-plane π-conjugation electronic structure. The spatially confined radical polymerization using solid templates and ion exchange strategy demonstrates potential as a universal synthesis approach for obtaining two-dimensional covalent networks, as exemplified by the successful synthesis of monolayers of polythiophene and polycarbazole.

Association between Life's Essential 8 and cognitive function among older adults in the United States.

The American Heart Association (AHA) recently redefined cardiovascular health (CVH) with the introduction of Life's Essential 8 (LE8), which encompasses eight areas (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep duration body mass index, non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure). This study aimed to explore the relationships between both the aggregate and individual CVH metrics, as defined by Life's Essential 8, and cognitive function in older adults in the United States. This cross-sectional, population-based study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2014, focusing on individuals aged 60 years and older. CVH was categorized as low (0-49), moderate (50-79), or high (80-100). Cognitive function was assessed through the CERAD tests, Animal Fluency test, and Digit Symbol Substitution test. Multivariable logistic models and restricted cubic spline models were employed to investigate these associations. This study included a total of 2279 older adults in the United States. Only 11% of adults achieved a high total CVH score, while 12% had a low score. After further adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher LE8 scores were significantly associated with higher scores on CERAD: delayed recall score (0.02[0.01, 0.03]; P < 0.001), CERAD: total score (3 recall trials) (0.04[0.02, 0.06]; P < 0.001), animal fluency: total score (0.09[0.05, 0.12]; P < 0.001), and digit symbol: score (0.29[0.18, 0.41]; P < 0.001), demonstrating a linear dose-response relationship. Similar patterns were also observed in the associations between health behavior and health factor scores with cognitive function tests. LE8 scores exhibited positive linear associations with cognitive function. Maintaining better levels of CVH may be associated with higher levels of cognitive function in older Americans, but further research is needed to confirm the causal and temporal relationships between LE8 and cognitive function.

Low-voltage single-atom electron microscopy with carbon-based nanomaterials.

The properties of materials are strongly correlated with their atomic scale structures. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of the atomic-scale structure-property relationship requires advancements of imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has seen rapid development over the past decades and is now routinely employed for atomic-scale characterization. However, quantitative STEM imaging and spectroscopy analysis at the single-atom level is challenging due to the extremely weak signals generated from individual atom, thus imposing stringent requirements for analysis sensitivity. This review discusses the development and application of low-voltage STEM techniques with single-atom sensitivity, primarily based on recent research presented on an invited talk at the 5th 2D23 SALVE Symposium, including annular dark-field (ADF) imaging, functional imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials were chosen as model systems for demonstrating the capabilities of single-atom STEM imaging and EELS analysis, due to their structural stability under low accelerating voltages and their rich physical and chemical properties. Moreover, this review summarizes recent advancements and applications of low-voltage single-atom STEM imaging and spectroscopy in the study of functional materials and discusses prospects for future developments.

Systematic Absences of Optical Phonon Modes in Phonon Dispersion Measured by Electron Microscopy.

Phonon dispersion relations are widely used to elucidate the vibrational properties of materials. As an emerging technique, momentum-resolved vibrational spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy offers an unparalleled approach to explore q-dependent phonon behavior at local structures. In this study, we systematically investigate the phonon dispersion of monolayer graphene across several Brillouin zones (BZs) using momentum-resolved vibrational spectroscopy and find that the optical phonon signals vanish at the Γ points with indices (hk0) satisfying h+2k=3n (n denoted integers). Theoretical analysis reveals that the observed phenomena arise from the complete destructive interference of the scattered waves from different basis atoms. This observation, corroborated by the study of diamond, should be a general characteristic of materials composed of symmetrically equivalent pairs of the same elements. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of multiple scattering in interpreting the vibrational signals in bulk materials. We demonstrate that the systematic absences and dynamic effects, which have not been much appreciated before, offer new insights into the experimental assessment of local vibrational properties of materials.

High-Resolution Rotation-Measuring System for MEMS Ultrasonic Motors Using Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensors.

This study proposes a high-resolution rotation-measuring system for miniaturized MEMS ultrasonic motors using tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors for the first time. Initially, the architecture and principle of the rotation-measuring system are described in detail. Then, the finite element simulation is implemented to determine the miniaturized permanent magnet's residual magnetization, dimensions, and TMR sensor position. Finally, the experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance. Using calibration based on a high-precision servo motor, it is found that the relationship between the output and rotational angle is highly linear and immune to the rotor's out-of-plane movement. Meanwhile, the angle-detecting resolution is higher than 0.1°. After the calibration, the continuous rotation of the MEMS ultrasonic motor is tested. It is found that the angle testing result varies with a period close to 360°, which indicates that the rotation-measuring system has successfully detected the motor's rotation.

Meta-transcriptomic analysis of companion animal infectomes reveals their diversity and potential roles in animal and human disease.

Companion animals such as cats and dogs harbor diverse microbial communities that can potentially impact human health due to close and frequent contact. To better characterize their total infectomes and assess zoonotic risks, we characterized the overall infectomes of companion animals (cats and dogs) and evaluated their potential zoonotic risks. Meta-transcriptomic analyses were performed on 239 samples from cats and dogs collected across China, identifying 24 viral species, 270 bacterial genera, and two fungal genera. Differences in the overall microbiome and infectome composition were compared across different animal species (cats or dogs), sampling sites (rectal or oropharyngeal), and health status (healthy or diseased). Diversity analyses revealed that viral abundance was generally higher in diseased animals compared to healthy ones, while differences in microbial composition were mainly driven by sampling site, followed by animal species and health status. Disease association analyses validated the pathogenicity of known pathogens and suggested potential pathogenic roles of previously undescribed bacteria and newly discovered viruses. Cross-species transmission analyses identified seven pathogens shared between cats and dogs, such as alphacoronavirus 1, which was detected in both oropharyngeal and rectal swabs albeit with differential pathogenicity. Further analyses showed that some viruses, like alphacoronavirus 1, harbored multiple lineages exhibiting distinct pathogenicity, tissue, or host preferences. Ultimately, a systematic evolutionary screening identified 27 potential zoonotic pathogens in this sample set, with far more bacterial than viral species, implying potential health threats to humans. Overall, our meta-transcriptomic analysis reveals a landscape of actively transcribing microorganisms in major companion animals, highlighting key pathogens, those with the potential for cross-species transmission, and possible zoonotic threats. IMPORTANCE: This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the entire community of infectious microbes (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) in companion animals like cats and dogs, termed the "infectome." By analyzing hundreds of samples from across China, the researchers identified numerous known and novel pathogens, including 27 potential zoonotic agents that could pose health risks to both animals and humans. Notably, some of these zoonotic pathogens were detected even in apparently healthy pets, highlighting the importance of surveillance. The study also revealed key microbial factors associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in pets, as well as potential cross-species transmission events between cats and dogs. Overall, this work sheds light on the complex microbial landscapes of companion animals and their potential impacts on animal and human health, underscoring the need for monitoring and management of these infectious agents.

Machine learning assisted understanding of the layer-thickness dependent thermal conductivity in fluorinated graphene.

Manipulating thermal conductivity (κ) plays vital role in high-performance thermoelectric conversion, thermal insulation and thermal management devices. In this work, we using the machine learning-based interatomic potential and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation to systematically investigate layer thickness dependentκof fluorinated graphene (FG). We show that the latticeκof FG can be significantly decreased with Bernal bilayer stacking. Surprisingly, the further increasing of stacking layer can no longer affect theκ, however, theκis increased in the bulk configuration. The variation ofκcan be attributed to the crystal symmetry change from P-3m1 (164) at single layer to P3m1 (156) at multilayer. The decreasing crystal symmetry from single layer to bilayer resulting stronger phonon scattering and thus leading a lowerκ. Moreover, we also show that the contribution of acoustic mode toκdecreases with the increase of layers, while the contribution of optical mode toκis increased with increasing layers. These results provide a further understanding for the phonon scattering mechanism of layer thickness dependentκ.

Dragon boat exercise reshapes the temporal-spatial dynamics of the brain.

Although exercise training has been shown to enhance neurological function, there is a shortage of research on how exercise training affects the temporal-spatial synchronization properties of functional networks, which are crucial to the neurological system. This study recruited 23 professional and 24 amateur dragon boat racers to perform simulated paddling on ergometers while recording EEG. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain were analyzed using microstates and omega complexity. Temporal dynamics results showed that microstate D, which is associated with attentional networks, appeared significantly altered, with significantly higher duration, occurrence, and coverage in the professional group than in the amateur group. The transition probabilities of microstate D exhibited a similar pattern. The spatial dynamics results showed the professional group had lower brain complexity than the amateur group, with a significant decrease in omega complexity in the α (8-12 Hz) and ß (13-30 Hz) bands. Dragon boat training may strengthen the attentive network and reduce the complexity of the brain. This study provides evidence that dragon boat exercise improves the efficiency of the cerebral functional networks on a spatiotemporal scale.

Unfolding the Challenges To Prepare Single Crystalline Complex Oxide Membranes by Solution Processing.

The ability to prepare single crystalline complex oxide freestanding membranes has opened a new playground to access new phases and functionalities not available when they are epitaxially bound to the substrates. The water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) sacrificial layer approach has proven to be one of the most promising pathways to prepare a wide variety of single crystalline complex oxide membranes, typically by high vacuum deposition techniques. Here, we present solution processing, also named chemical solution deposition (CSD), as a cost-effective alternative deposition technique to prepare freestanding membranes identifying the main processing challenges and how to overcome them. In particular, we compare three different strategies based on interface and cation engineering to prepare CSD (00l)-oriented BiFeO3 (BFO) membranes. First, BFO is deposited directly on SAO but forms a nanocomposite of Sr-Al-O rich nanoparticles embedded in an epitaxial BFO matrix because the Sr-O bonds react with the solvents of the BFO precursor solution. Second, the incorporation of a pulsed laser deposited La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) buffer layer on SAO prior to the BFO deposition prevents the massive interface reaction and subsequent formation of a nanocomposite but migration of cations from the upper layers to SAO occurs, making the sacrificial layer insoluble in water and withholding the membrane release. Finally, in the third scenario, a combination of LSMO with a more robust sacrificial layer composition, SrCa2Al2O6 (SC2AO), offers an ideal building block to obtain (001)-oriented BFO/LSMO bilayer membranes with a high-quality interface that can be successfully transferred to both flexible and rigid host substrates. Ferroelectric fingerprints are identified in the BFO film prior and after membrane release. These results show the feasibility to use CSD as alternative deposition technique to prepare single crystalline complex oxide membranes widening the range of available phases and functionalities for next-generation electronic devices.

SiX2 (X = S, Se) Single Chains and (Si-Ge)X2 Quaternary Alloys.

Layered or chain materials have received significant research attention owing to their interesting physical properties, which can dramatically change when the material is thinned from bulk (three-dimensional) to thin two-dimensional sheet or one-dimensional (1D) chain form. Materials with the stoichiometry AX2 with A = Si or Ge and X = S or Se form an especially intriguing semiconducting class. For example, bulk silicon dichalcogenides (SiX2) consist of 1D chains held together by van der Waals forces. Although this structural configuration has the potential to reveal interesting physical phenomena within the 1D limit, obtaining SiX2 single chains has been challenging. We here examine experimentally and theoretically SiX2 materials in the low chain number limit. Carbon nanotubes serve as growth templates and stabilize and protect the structures, and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy directly identifies the atomic structure. Two distinct chain structures are observed for SiX2. SixGe1-xS2(1-y)Se2y quaternary alloy chains are also synthesized and characterized, demonstrating tunable semiconducting properties at the atomic-chain level. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the band gap of these alloy chains can be widely tuned through composition engineering. This work offers the possibilities for synthesizing and controlling semiconductor compositions at the single-chain limit to tailor material properties.

Rheology and Printability of a Porcelain Clay Paste for DIW 3D Printing of Ceramics with Complex Geometric Structures.

The modeling of ceramics with complex geometric structures currently depends on the handcrafted mode, with long cycles, high costs, and low efficiency; additive manufacturing (AM) technology can solve this problem well. Herein, the porcelain clay paste was successfully prepared for the direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing process of ceramics with complex geometric structures, and the effects of sodium citrate (SC) content on the rheological properties and DIW 3D printability of the porcelain clay paste were investigated in detail. The SC has a vital role in the rheological behavior of porcelain clay paste. Adding SC increases the absolute zeta potential and decreases the viscosity of the paste, while a high SC content will lead to a low storage modulus of the paste. The porcelain clay paste with an SC content of 0.05% and a paste solid content of 75% possesses suitable rheological properties and a storage modulus for DIW 3D printing. The as-prepared porcelain clay paste has high DIW 3D printability at a pressure of 0.5 MPa, and a 3D-printed green body with a well-densified structure can be achieved. After being sintered, the 3D-printed ceramic exhibits high densification and mechanical properties. A green body with complex geometric structures is quickly and precisely modeled by the DIW 3D printing process with the resultant porcelain clay paste as the raw material. This work provides a practical approach to rapidly fabricating ceramics with complex geometrical structures.

The selective sponging of miRNAs by OIP5-AS1 regulates metabolic reprogramming of pyruvate in adenoma-carcinoma transition of human colorectal cancer.

RNA interactomes and their diversified functionalities have recently benefited from critical methodological advances leading to a paradigm shift from a conventional conception on the regulatory roles of RNA in pathogenesis. However, the dynamic RNA interactomes in adenoma-carcinoma sequence of human CRC remain unexplored. The coexistence of adenoma, cancer, and normal tissues in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients provides an appropriate model to address this issue. Here, we adopted an RNA in situ conformation sequencing technology for mapping RNA-RNA interactions in CRC patients. We observed large-scale paired RNA counts and identified some unique RNA complexes including multiple partners RNAs, single partner RNAs, non-overlapping single partner RNAs. We focused on the antisense RNA OIP5-AS1 and found that OIP5-AS1 could sponge different miRNA to regulate the production of metabolites including pyruvate, alanine and lactic acid. Our findings provide novel perspectives in CRC pathogenesis and suggest metabolic reprogramming of pyruvate for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC.