A comprehensive prediction model predicts perihematomal edema growth in the acute stage after intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Perihematomal edema (PHE) is regarded as a potential intervention indicator of secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). But it still lacks a comprehensive prediction model for early PHE formation. METHODS: The included ICH patients have received an initial Computed Tomography scan within 6 hours of symptom onset. Hematoma volume and PHE volume were computed using semiautomated computer-assisted software. The volume of the hematoma, edema around the hematoma, and surface area of the hematoma were calculated. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was calculated by dividing the platelet count by the lymphocyte cell count. All analyses were 2-tailed, and the significance level was determined by P <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 226 patients were included in the final analysis. The optimal cut-off values for PHE volume increase to predict poor outcomes were determined as 5.5 mL. For clinical applicability, we identified a value of 5.5 mL as the optimal threshold for early PHE growth. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, we finally found that baseline hematoma surface area (p < 0.001), expansion-prone hematoma (p < 0.001), and PLR (p = 0.033) could independently predict PHE growth. The comprehensive prediction model demonstrated good performance in predicting PHE growth, with an area under the curve of 0.841, sensitivity of 0.807, and specificity of 0.732. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that baseline hematoma surface area, expansion-prone hematoma, and PLR were independently associated with PHE growth. Additionally, a risk nomogram model was established to predict the PHE growth in patients with ICH.

Cardiovascular Risk Stratification by Automatic Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring on Pretreatment Chest Computed Tomography in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Balancing the cardiovascular risk and benefit of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an important clinical issue. We aimed to evaluate whether the pretreatment coronary artery calcium score (CACS) can stratify the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy. METHODS: The patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from 4 hospitals were retrospectively enrolled. The CACS was automatically calculated on nongated chest computed tomography before treatment using artificial intelligence-CACS software and divided into 3 categories (0, 1-100, and >100). The associations between the CACS and CTRCD and between the CACS and MACEs were assessed by logistic regression and Fine-Gray competing-risk regression model. Nelson-Aalen cumulative risk curve was performed to assess the cumulative incidence of MACEs. RESULTS: A total of 1468 patients (785 men and 683 women; 100% Asian) were enrolled, and 362 and 185 patients developed CTRCD and MACEs, respectively. Compared with a CACS of 0 (n=826), there was stepwise higher odds of CTRCD with a CACS between 1 and 100 (n=356; odds ratio, 2.587) and a CACS >100 (n=286; odds ratio, 5.239). The CACS was associated with MACEs (1-100 versus 0: subdistribution hazard ratio 3.726; >100 versus 0: subdistribution hazard ratio 7.858; all P<0.001). Competing risk-adjusted MACEs rates for patients with a CACS of 0, 1 to 100, and >100 were 1.21%, 8.43%, and 11.19%, respectively, at 3 years, and 3.27%, 16.01%, 31.12%, respectively, at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The automatic CACS derived from chest computed tomography before treatment was helpful to identify high-risk patients of CTRCD and MACE and guide clinicians to implement cardiovascular protection strategies in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Divergent Regioselective Csp2-H Difluoromethylation of Aromatic Amines Enabled by Nickel Catalysis.

Herein, the first catalytic protocol for nickel-catalyzed ortho or para position difluoromethylation of various aromatic amines has been developed with the assistance of a bidentate phosphine ligand, offering an invaluable synthesis means to construct extensive p-difluoromethylated products and difluorooxindole derivatives with significant functional fragments. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction, broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group compatibility, late-stage difluoromethylation of pesticides, and even formal synthesis of HDAC6 inhibitors further demonstrate the usefulness of this method.

[Determination of 1, 4-dioxane in aerosol cosmetic by new isotope dilution-headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple, fast and sensitive analytical method based on isotope dilution-headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 1, 4-dioxane residue in the aerosol cosmetics. METHODS: Sample was successive weighed and dissolved in 1, 3-dimehyl-2-imidazolidinone(DMI)solvent and isotope internal standard was added. Then transfered to a 20 mL headspace vial. The headspace vial was sealed and extracted 15 min by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. After separated by HP-5 MS fused silica capillary column(30 m×25 mm, 0. 25 µm), the compound was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode(GC-MS-SIM) and quantified by internal standard method. RESULTS: There were good linear correlations with R~2 no less than 0. 999 in the range of 1. 0-100 mg/kg. The limit of detection(LOD) of this method was 0. 3 mg/kg. At 0. 3, 1. 0, 5. 0 and 30 mg/kg four added concentration, recovery for five kinds of aerosol cosmetic were all between 91. 4% and 104. 2%. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 1. 5%-6. 3% and 1. 7%-6. 4%(n=6), respectively. CONCLUSION: The developed method has proved convenient, time-saving, accurate and sensitive and suited for determination 1, 4-dioxane in aerosol cosmetic.

An Unconventional Multiple Low-Cost IMU and GPS-Integrated Kinematic Positioning and Navigation Method Based on Singer Model.

To release the strong dependence of the conventional inertial navigation mechanization on the a priori low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) error model, this research applies an unconventional multi-sensor integration strategy to integrate multiple low-cost IMUs and a global positioning system (GPS) for mass-market automotive applications. The unconventional integration strategy utilizes a basic three-dimensional (3D) kinematic trajectory model as the system model to directly estimate navigational parameters, and it allows the measurements from all of the sensors independently participating in measurement updates. However, the less complex kinematic model cannot realize smooth transitions between different motion statuses for the road vehicle with acceleration maneuvers. In this manuscript, we establish a more practical 3D kinematic trajectory model based on a "current" statistical Singer acceleration model to realize smooth transitions for the maneuvering vehicle. In addition, taking advantage of the unconventional strategy, we individually model the systematic errors of each IMU and the measurements of all sensors, in contrast to most existing approaches that adopt the common-mode errors for different sensors of the same design. A real dataset involving a GPS and multiple IMUs is processed to validate the success of the proposed algorithm model under the unconventional integration strategy.