Scalp trichilemmal cyst: A case report.

RATIONALE: Trichilemmal cyst (TC), also known as trichodermal cyst, trichodermal isthmus-degenerative cyst. It is a benign skin lesion originating from the outer hair root sheath, with low incidence and few reports. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 41-year-old patient had found a scalp lump for more than 10 years. A 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm lump on the right occipital region was touched more than 10 years ago without special treatment. In the past 2 years, the lump has gradually increased. Physical examination: 4 protruding lumps can be reached in the scalp. One lump in the right occipital region is about 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm, with 1 lump immediately below and 2 lumps in the left temporal region. All lumps can be pushed. DIAGNOSES: The lesion is located in dermis, The lesion is solid, and the contents of the cyst were cheese-like white material, and the inner and outer walls of the cyst were smooth and shiny. Pathological results showed that the lesion was TC. The cyst wall is epidermal tissue, the spinous layer and basal layer are intact, there is no granular layer, and the protein in the cyst is dense. INTERVENTIONS: All lumps were completely surgically removed. OUTCOMES: The wound healed well after TC resection. There was no recurrence of TC after 1 year follow-up. LESSONS: The clinical manifestations of scalp TC are not specific, and the diagnosis needs pathological examination, and the prognosis of total excision is good.

Research on the electrochemical treatment of nitrobenzene wastewater: The effects of process parameters and the mechanism of distinct degradation pathways.

Nitrobenzene is a typical organic pollutant of petroleum pollutant, which is a synthetic chemical not found naturally in the environment. Nitrobenzene in environment can cause toxic liver disease and respiratory failure in humans. Electrochemical technology provides an effective and efficient method for degrading nitrobenzene. This study, the effects of process parameter (e.g., electrolyte solution type, electrolyte concentration, current density and pH) and distinct reaction pathways for electrochemical treatment of nitrobenzene were investigated. As a result, available chlorine dominates the electrochemical oxidation process compared with hydroxyl radical, thus the electrolyte of NaCl is more suitable for the degradation of nitrobenzene than that of Na2SO4. The concentration and the existence form of available chlorine were mainly controlled by electrolyte concentration, current density and pH, which directly affect the removal of nitrobenzene. Cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometric analyses suggested that electrochemical degradation of nitrobenzene included two important ways. Firstly, single oxidation: nitrobenzene → other forms of aromatic compounds→ NO-x + organic acids + mineralization products. Secondly, coordination of reduction and oxidation: nitrobenzene → aniline→ N2 + NO-x + organic acid + mineralization products. The results of this study will encourage us to further understand the electrochemical degradation mechanism of nitrobenzene and develop the efficient processes for nitrobenzene treatment.

Expression and prognostic value of long non-coding RNA H19 in glioma via integrated bioinformatics analyses.

Numerous discoveries have elucidated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cancer malignant progression. However, their potential involvement in gliomas remains to be explored. Herein, the expression level of lncRNA H19 in glioma tissues, and its relevance with clinical characteristics were analyzed through Oncomine. The results showed that H19 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and its expression increased with the increase of malignancy. Next, GTEx and TCGA data were downloaded for differently expressed genes (DEGs) identification, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and the correlation analyses between H19 expression and clinic features. Radiation therapy had a good effect on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but didn't have a good effect on low grade glioma (LGG). Meanwhile, the expression level of H19 could act as an indicator molecule indicating the effect of radiotherapy. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were conducted. It was found that H19 could affect the immune infiltration level of glioma through copy number variations, thus affecting the prognosis of glioma patients. Collectively, H19 may be involved in the occurrence and development of glioma, and has potential reference value for the relief and immunotherapy of glioma.

Analytic representation of volume flow as a function of geometry and pressure in a static physical model of the glottis.

A static physical model of the larynx (model M5) was used to obtain a large set of volume flows as a function of symmetric glottal geometry and transglottal pressure. The measurements cover ranges of these variables relevant to human phonation. A generalized equation was created to accurately estimate the glottal volume flow given specific glottal geometries and transglottal pressures. Both the data and the generalized formula give insights into the flow behavior for different glottal geometries, especially the contrast between convergent and divergent glottal angles at different glottal diameters. The generalized equation produced a fit to the entire M5 dataset (267 points) with an average accuracy of 3.4%. The accuracy was about seven times better than that of the Ishizaka-Flanagan approach to glottal flow and about four times better than that of a pressure coefficient approach. Thus, for synthesis purposes, the generalized equation presented here should provide more realistic glottal flows (based on steady flow conditions) as suitable inputs to the vocal tract, for given values of transglottal pressure and glottal geometry. Applications of the generalized formula to pulses generated by vocal fold motions typical of those produced by the Ishizaka-Flanagan coupled-oscillator model and the more recent body-cover model of Story and Titze are also included.