Hyperspectral Indices Developed from Fractional-Order Derivative Spectra Improved Estimation of Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters.

Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters offer valuable insights into quantifying energy transfer and allocation at the photosystem level. However, tracking their variation based on reflectance spectral information remains challenging for large-scale remote sensing applications and ecological modeling. Spectral preprocessing methods, such as fractional-order derivatives (FODs), have been demonstrated to have advantages in highlighting spectral features. In this study, we developed and assessed the ability of novel spectral indices derived from FOD spectra and other spectral transformations to retrieve the ChlF parameters of various species and leaf groups. The results obtained showed that the empirical spectral indices were of low reliability in estimating the ChlF parameters. In contrast, the indices developed from low-order FOD spectra demonstrated a significant improvement in estimation. Furthermore, the incorporation of species specificity enhanced the tracking of the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of sunlit leaves (R2 = 0.61, r = 0.79, RMSE = 0.15, MAE = 0.13), the fraction of PSII open centers (qL) of shaded leaves (R2 = 0.50, r = 0.71, RMSE = 0.09, MAE = 0.08), and the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of shaded leaves (R2 = 0.71, r = 0.85, RMSE = 0.002, MAE = 0.001). Our study demonstrates the potential of FOD spectra in capturing variations in ChlF parameters. Nevertheless, given the complexity and sensitivity of ChlF parameters, it is prudent to exercise caution when utilizing spectral indices for tracking them.

Compliance with social norms in the face of risks: Delineating the roles of uncertainty about risk perceptions versus risk perceptions.

Social norms are often considered as behavioral guidelines to mitigate health and environmental risks. However, our understanding of the magnitude of their impact on risk-mitigating behaviors and how perceptions of risks affect the magnitude remains limited. Given the increasing importance of understanding factors influencing behavioral responses to health and environmental risks, this research examines whether the relationship between social norms and behavioral intention to mitigate health and environmental risks is a function of (1) risk perceptions and (2) uncertainty about risk perceptions. A cross-sectional survey involving a national sample (N = 803) across three health and environmental risks (i.e., infectious diseases, climate change, and water shortage) is conducted. The results reveal a three-way interaction between descriptive norms, uncertainty about susceptibility, and uncertainty about severity on behavioral intention to mitigate the risk. Individuals exhibit the strongest intention to engage in risk-mitigating behaviors when they perceive prevailing social norms and are uncertain about their susceptibility to the risk and the severity of the risk. Moreover, injunctive norms interact with uncertainty about susceptibility to influence behavioral intention, such that the more uncertain individuals feel about their vulnerability to a risk, the stronger the impact of injunctive norms is on behavioral intention. Neither descriptive nor injunctive norms interact with perceived risks to influence behavioral intention. This study contributes valuable insights into the interplay between social norms, uncertainty about perceived risk, and behavioral intention, and offers valuable theoretical and practical implications.

Assessing the risk of E. coli contamination from manure application in Chinese farmland by integrating machine learning and Phydrus.

This study aims to present a comprehensive study on the risks associated with the residual presence and transport of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in soil following the application of livestock manure in Chinese farmlands by integrating machine learning algorithms with mechanism-based models (Phydrus). We initially review 28 published papers to gather data on E. coli's die-off and attachment characteristics in soil. Machine learning models, including deep learning and gradient boosting machine, are employed to predict key parameters such as the die-off rate of E. coli and first-order attachment coefficient in soil. Then, Phydrus was used to simulate E. coli transport and survival in 23692 subregions in China. The model considered regional differences in E. coli residual risk and transport, influenced by soil properties, soil depths, precipitation, seasonal variations, and regional disparities. The findings indicate higher residual risks in regions such as the Northeast China, Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and pronounced transport risks in the fringe of the Sichuan Basin fringe, the Loess Plateau, the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain, the Shigatse Basin, and the Shangri-La region. The study also demonstrates a significant reduction in both residual and transport risks one month after manure application, highlighting the importance of timing manure application and implementing region-specific standards. This research contributes to the broader understanding of pathogen behavior in agricultural soils and offers practical guidelines for managing the risks associated with manure use. This study's comprehensive method offers a potentially valuable tool for evaluating microbial contaminants in agricultural soils across the globe.

Integrating leaf spectral and water status information to effectively track chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters during dehydration.

Monitoring changes in chlorophyll a (ChlFa) fluorescence during dehydration can provide insights into plant photosynthetic responses to climate change challenges, which are predicted to increase drought frequency. However, the limited knowledge of how ChlFa parameters respond to water deficit hinders the exploration of the photochemical mechanism of the photosynthetic process and the simulation of photosynthetic fluorescence models. Furthermore, how to track such responses of ChlFa parameters, especially at large scales, remains a challenge. In this study, we attempted to use spectral information reflected from leaves to follow the dynamic response patterns of ChlFa parameters of seven species under prolonged dehydration. The results showed that the investigated ChlFa parameters exhibited significant changes as dehydration progressed, with considerable variability among the different species as well as under different water conditions. This study also demonstrated that the integration of both spectral and water content information can provide an effective method for tracking ChlFa parameters during dehydration, explaining over 90% of the total variance in the measured ChlFa parameters. Collectively, these results should serve as a valuable reference for predicting the response of ChlFa parameters to dehydration and offer a potential method for estimating ChlFa parameters under drought conditions.

The effectiveness of gliding arc discharge plasma in sterilizing artificial seawater contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The rapid proliferation of the halophilic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a severe health hazard to halobios and significantly impedes intensive mariculture. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of gliding arc discharge plasma (GADP) to control the infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mariculture. This study investigated the inactivation ability of GADP against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater (ASW), changes in the water quality of GADP-treated ASW, and possible inactivation mechanisms of GADP against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ASW. The results indicate that GADP effectively inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ASW. As the volume of ASW increased, the time required for GADP sterilization also increased. However, the complete sterilization of 5000 mL of ASW containing Vibrio parahaemolyticus of approximately 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL was achieved within 20 min. Water quality tests of the GADP-treated ASW demonstrated that there were no significant changes in salinity or temperature when Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.0 ×104 CFU/mL) was completely inactivated. In contrast to the acidification observed in plasma-activated water (PAW) in most studies, the pH of ASW did not decrease after treatment with GADP. The H2O2 concentration in the GADP-treated ASW decreased after post-treatment. The NO2-concentration in the GADP-treated ASW remained unchanged after post-treatment. Further analysis revealed that GADP induced oxidative stress in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which increased cell membrane permeability and intracellular ROS levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study provides a viable solution for infection with the halophilic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus and demonstrates the potential of GADP in mariculture.

Annual atrazine residue estimation in Chinese agricultural soils by integrated modeling of machine learning and mechanism-based models.

This study presents a comprehensive approach to estimating annual atrazine residues in China's agricultural soils, integrating machine learning algorithms and mechanism-based models. First, machine learning was used to predict essential parameters influencing atrazine's adsorption, degradation, and dispersivity of solute transport. The results demonstrated that soil organic matter was the most important input variable for predicting adsorption and degradation; clay content was the primary variable for predicting dispersivity. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) contribution of various soil properties on target variables were also analyzed to reveal whether each input variable has a positive, negative, or complex effect. Subsequently, these parameters inform the construction of a detailed model across 23,692 subregions of China, with a 20 km × 20 km resolution. The model considered regional variations and soil layer heterogeneity, including rainfall, soil depth-specific properties, and parameters for adsorption, degradation, and dispersivity. Utilizing the convection-dispersion equations and the Phydrus, the model simulated atrazine's transport and degradation patterns across diverse soil environments after applying 250 mL of atrazine (40%) per Chinese mu. The outcomes provided a spatially explicit distribution of atrazine residues, specifying that the arid areas have the highest residual risk, followed by the Northeast, Southwest, and Southeast. Atrazine levels may exceed national drinking water standards at 50 cm depth in Inner Mongolia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the Jungar Basin. This study's integrative approach may also offer valuable insights and tools for evaluating residues of various pesticides and herbicides in agricultural soils.

Bacterial transport mediated by micro-nanobubbles in porous media.

Determining the role of micro-nanobubbles (MNBs) in controlling the risk posed by pathogens to soil and groundwater during reclaimed water irrigation requires clarification of the mechanism of how MNBs block pathogenic bacteria. In this study, real-time bioluminescence imaging was used to investigate the effects of MNBs on the transport and spatiotemporal distribution of bioluminescent Escherichia coli 652T7 strain in porous media. The presence of MNBs significantly increased the retention of bacteria in the porous media, decreasing the maximum relative effluent concentration (C/C0) by 78 % from 0.97 (without MNBs) to 0.21 (with MNBs). The results suggested that MNBs provided additional sites at the air-water interface (AWI) for bacterial attachment and acted as physical obstacles to reduce bacterial passage. These effects varied with environmental conditions such as solution ionic strength and pore water velocity. The results indicated that MNBs enhanced electrostatic attachment of bacteria at the AWI and their mechanical straining in pores. This study suggests that adding MNBs in pathogen-containing water is an effective measure for increasing filtration efficiency and reducing the risk of pathogenic contamination during agricultural irrigation.

Social media addiction and academic engagement as serial mediators between social anxiety and academic performance among college students.

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety has been shown to affect college students' academic performance. However, the role of social media addiction and academic engagement in this association is unclear. METHODS: A total 2661 college students completed a self-report questionnaire including Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Utrecht Student Work Engagement Scale for Students, and the grade point average. Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS was employed to test the serial mediation effect. RESULTS: Results indicated that social anxiety was negatively related to academic performance, only academic engagement played a single mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and academic performance, meanwhile social media addiction and academic engagement acted as serial mediators between social anxiety on academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Social media addiction and academic engagement can explain the potential mechanisms of the association between social anxiety and academic performance, which have implications for devising intervention strategies to enhance the mental health and academic outcomes of college students.

Genetically engineered membrane-based nanoengagers for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Modulating macrophages presents a promising avenue in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor cells have evolved mechanisms to evade macrophage activation and phagocytosis. Herein, we introduced a bispecific antibody-based nanoengager to facilitate the recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages. Specifically, we genetically engineered two single chain variable fragments (scFv) onto cell membrane: anti-CD40 scFv for engaging with macrophages and anti-Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) scFv for interacting with tumor cells. These nanoengagers were further constructed by coating scFv-anchored membrane into PLGA nanoparticle core. Our developed nanoengagers significantly boosted immune responses, including increased recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, enhanced activation and antigen presentation, and elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. These combined benefits resulted in enhancing antitumor efficacy against highly aggressive "cold" pancreatic cancer. Overall, this study offers a versatile nanoengager design for immunotherapy, achieved through genetically engineering to incorporate antibody-anchored membrane.

Application of transcranial alternating current stimulation to improve eSports-related cognitive performance.

Introduction: Electronic Sports (eSports) is a popular and still emerging sport. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) and First/Third Person Shooting Games (FPS/TPS) require excellent visual attention abilities. Visual attention involves specific frontal and parietal areas, and is associated with alpha coherence. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a principally suitable tool to improve cognitive functions by modulation of regional oscillatory cortical networks that alters regional and larger network connectivity. Methods: In this single-blinded crossover study, 27 healthy college students were recruited and exposed to 10 Hz tACS of the right frontoparietal network. Subjects conducted a Visual Spatial Attention Distraction task in three phases: T0 (pre-stimulation), T1 (during stimulation), T2 (after-stimulation), and an eSports performance task which contained three games ("Exact Aiming," "Flick Aiming," "Press Reaction") before and after stimulation. Results: The results showed performance improvements in the "Exact Aiming" task and hint for a prevention of reaction time performance decline in the "Press Reaction" task in the real, as compared to the sham stimulation group. We also found a significant decrease of reaction time in the visual spatial attention distraction task at T1 compared to T0 in the real, but not sham intervention group. However, accuracy and inverse efficiency scores (IES) did not differ between intervention groups in this task. Discussion: These results suggest that 10 Hz tACS over the right frontal and parietal cortex might improve eSports-related skill performance in specific tasks, and also improve visual attention in healthy students during stimulation. This tACS protocol is a potential tool to modulate neurocognitive performance involving tracking targets, and might be a foundation for the development of a new concept to enhance eSports performance. This will require however proof in real life scenarios, as well optimization.

Culturally safe healthcare: changing the lens from provider control to patient agency.

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: Marginalized patients often feel unwelcome in healthcare. The concept of culturally safe healthcare (CSH) represents an important paradigm shift from provider control to patients who feel safe voicing health concerns and believe that they are heard by providers. This study has five goals: review works describing CSH, identify CSH themes, describe provider behaviors associated with CSH, describe interventions, and discuss how health communication can advance CSH. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted for articles published between 2019 and 2023 following modified PRISMA guidelines. Online databases included Pubmed (Medline), CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Redalyc. Thematic analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed. Of these, five explained features of CSH, four were empirical studies, seven were content analyses, and five were interventions. Five themes were identified including (1) how patients perceive CSH, (2) sociocultural determinants of health inequity, (3) mistrust of care providers, (4) issues with the biomedical model of healthcare, and (5) the importance of provider-patient allyship. Care provider communication behaviors fostering CSH were discussed. Three CSH interventions were highlighted. Finally, there was a discussion for how health communication scholars can contribute to CSH. CONCLUSIONS: CSH offers a paradigm shift from provider control to marginalized patients' experience of patient-provider communication. Recommendations for how health communication scholars can contribute to the implementation of CSH included developing guiding theories and measurement, evaluation of CSH outcomes, and conducting focus groups with patients to assess the meaning of cultural safety.

Expression and clinical significance of hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA TCONS_I2_00001955 in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in occurrence, development, and metastasis of various tumors. We aimed to screen long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that promote invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells under hypoxia, and investigate the relationship between lncRNA expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis in invasive breast cancer. METHODS: LncRNA microarray was used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines cultured under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the microarray results. CCK8 and Transwell experiments were performed to identify the lncRNA that promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Expression of the lncRNA and HIF-1α in invasive breast cancer was detected by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Correlation between the lncRNA expression and baseline characteristics was analyzed. Prognostic value of the lncRNA was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: Expression of lncRNA TCONS_I2_00001955 in all the three breast cancer cells was increased under hypoxia. Overexpression of TCONS_I2_00001955 significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKBR3 cells. Positive expression of TCONS_I2_00001955 was associated with recurrence, metastasis, and high expression of HIF-1α (P < 0.05), and it was an independent risk factor for poor disease-free survival of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia-induced lncRNA TCONS_I2_00001955 was associated with aggressive feature and poor prognosis of breast cancer.

Anastrozole for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women: cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK and the USA.

PURPOSE: The effectiveness of anastrozole for breast cancer prevention has been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anastrozole for the prevention of breast cancer in women with a high risk of breast cancer and to determine whether anastrozole for the primary prevention of breast cancer can improve the quality of life of women and save health-care resources. METHODS: A decision-analytic model was used to assess the costs and effects of anastrozole prevention versus no prevention among women with a high risk of breast cancer. The key parameters of probability were derived from the IBIS-II trial, and the cost and health outcome data were derived from published literature. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for the two strategies,One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the base case, the incremental cost per QALY of anastrozole prevention was £125,705.38/QALY in the first 5 years compared with no prevention in the UK, above the threshold of WTP (£3,000/QALY),and in the 12-year period, the ICER was £8,313.45/QALY, less than WTP. For the US third-party payer, ICER was $134,232.13/QALY in the first 5 years and $8,843.30/QALY in the 12 years, both less than the WTP threshold ($150,000/QALY). CONCLUSION: In the UK and US, anastrozole may be a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women. Moreover, the longer the cycle of the model, the higher the acceptability. The results of this study may provide a scientific reference for decision-making for clinicians, patients, and national medical and health care government departments.

Self-Assembly of Heterogeneous Ferritin Nanocages for Tumor Uptake and Penetration.

Well-defined nanostructures are crucial for precisely understanding nano-bio interactions. However, nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated through conventional synthesis approaches often lack poor controllability and reproducibility. Herein, a synthetic biology-based strategy is introduced to fabricate uniformly reproducible protein-based NPs, achieving precise control over heterogeneous components of the NPs. Specifically, a ferritin assembly toolbox system is developed that enables intracellular assembly of ferritin subunits/variants in Escherichia coli. Using this strategy, a proof-of-concept study is provided to explore the interplay between ligand density of NPs and their tumor targets/penetration. Various ferritin hybrid nanocages (FHn) containing human ferritin heavy chains (FH) and light chains are accurately assembled, leveraging their intrinsic binding with tumor cells and prolonged circulation time in blood, respectively. Further studies reveal that tumor cell uptake is FH density-dependent through active binding with transferrin receptor 1, whereas in vivo tumor accumulation and tissue penetration are found to be correlated to heterogeneous assembly of FHn and vascular permeability of tumors. Densities of 3.7 FH/100 nm2 on the nanoparticle surface exhibit the highest degree of tumor accumulation and penetration, particularly in tumors with high permeability compared to those with low permeability. This study underscores the significance of nanoparticle heterogeneity in determining particle fate in biological systems.

Accelerated Brain Atrophy, Microstructural Decline and Connectopathy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has recently been linked to cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that AMD modifies the brain aging trajectory, and we conducted a longitudinal diffusion MRI study on 40 participants (20 with AMD and 20 controls) to reveal the location, extent, and dynamics of AMD-related brain changes. Voxel-based analyses at the first visit identified reduced volume in AMD participants in the cuneate gyrus, associated with vision, and the temporal and bilateral cingulate gyrus, linked to higher cognition and memory. The second visit occurred 2 years after the first and revealed that AMD participants had reduced cingulate and superior frontal gyrus volumes, as well as lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the bilateral occipital lobe, including the visual and the superior frontal cortex. We detected faster rates of volume and FA reduction in AMD participants in the left temporal cortex. We identified inter-lingual and lingual-cerebellar connections as important differentiators in AMD participants. Bundle analyses revealed that the lingual gyrus had a lower streamline length in the AMD participants at the first visit, indicating a connection between retinal and brain health. FA differences in select inter-lingual and lingual cerebellar bundles at the second visit showed downstream effects of vision loss. Our analyses revealed widespread changes in AMD participants, beyond brain networks directly involved in vision processing.

The role of receptors in the cross-species spread of coronaviruses infecting humans and pigs.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has proven capable of infecting over 30 animal species, highlights the critical need for understanding the mechanisms of cross-species transmission and the emergence of novel coronavirus strains. The recent discovery of CCoV-HuPn-2018, a recombinant alphacoronavirus from canines and felines that can infect humans, along with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pig cells, underscores the potential for coronaviruses to overcome species barriers. This review investigates the origins and cross-species transmission of both human and porcine coronaviruses, with a specific emphasis on the instrumental role receptors play in this process.

Recent advances in the degradation efficacy and mechanisms of mycotoxins in food by atmospheric cold plasma.

Food contaminated by mycotoxins has become a worldwide public problem with political and economic implications. Although a variety of traditional methods have been used to eliminate mycotoxins from agri-foods, the results have been somewhat less than satisfactory. As an emerging non-thermal processing technology, atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) has great potential for food decontamination. Herein, this review mainly presents the degradation efficiency of ACP on mycotoxins in vitro and agri-foods as well as its possible degradation mechanisms. Meanwhile, ACP effects on food quality, factors affecting the degradation efficiency and the toxicity of degradation products are also discussed. According to the literatures, ACP could efficiently degrade many mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin) both in vitro and various foods (e.g., hazelnut, peanut, maize, rice, wheat, barley, oat flour, and date palm fruit) with little effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of food. The degradation efficacy was dependent on many factors including ACP treatment parameter, working gas, mycotoxin property, and food substrate. The mycotoxin degradation by ACP was mainly attributed to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in ACP, which can damage the chemical bonds of mycotoxins, consequently reducing the toxicity of mycotoxins.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Nanozyme Design: Lessons from Materials and Engineered Enzymes.

Nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like biomimicry. In combination with intrinsic characteristics of nanomaterials, nanozymes have broad applicability in materials science, chemical engineering, bioengineering, biochemistry, and disease theranostics. Recently, the heterogeneity of published results has highlighted the complexity and diversity of nanozymes in terms of consistency of catalytic capacity. Machine learning (ML) shows promising potential for discovering new materials, yet it remains challenging for the design of new nanozymes based on ML approaches. Alternatively, ML is employed to promote optimization of intelligent design and application of catalytic materials and engineered enzymes. Incorporation of the successful ML algorithms used in the intelligent design of catalytic materials and engineered enzymes can concomitantly facilitate the guided development of next-generation nanozymes with desirable properties. Here, recent progress in ML, its utilization in the design of catalytic materials and enzymes, and how emergent ML applications serve as promising strategies to circumvent challenges associated with time-expensive and laborious testing in nanozyme research and development are summarized. The potential applications of successful examples of ML-aided catalytic materials and engineered enzymes in nanozyme design are also highlighted, with special focus on the unified aims in enhancing design and recapitulation of substrate selectivity and catalytic activity.

A Conditional Process Analysis of Emerging Adults' Motivated Information Management with Parents, Family Conversation Orientation, and Intentions to Vaccinate for COVID-19.

Using the theory of motivated information management (TMIM), this study tested the effect of emerging adults' uncertainty discrepancy about COVID-19 vaccines on their intentions to vaccinate. In March and April of 2021, 424 emerging adult children reported on the likelihood of seeking or avoiding information from a parent about COVID-19 vaccines in response to their uncertainty discrepancy and negative emotions related to the vaccines. Results supported the direct and indirect effects specified by the TMIM. Moreover, the indirect effects of uncertainty discrepancy on intentions to vaccinate via the TMIM's explanatory mechanisms were conditioned by family conversation orientation. Consequently, the family communication environment may alter motivated information management in parent-child relationships.

Uncovering individual variations in bystander intervention of injustice through intrinsic brain connectivity patterns.

When confronted with injustice, individuals often intervene as third parties to restore justice by either punishing the perpetrator or helping the victim, even at their own expense. However, little is known about how individual differences in third-party intervention propensity are related to inter-individual variability in intrinsic brain connectivity patterns and how these associations vary between help and punishment intervention. To address these questions, we employed a novel behavioral paradigm in combination with resting-state fMRI and inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA). Participants acted as third-party bystanders and needed to decide whether to maintain the status quo or intervene by either helping the disadvantaged recipient (Help condition) or punishing the proposer (Punish condition) at a specific cost. Our analyses focused on three brain networks proposed in the third-party punishment (TPP) model: the salience (e.g., dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC), central executive (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC), and default mode (e.g., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dmPFC; temporoparietal junction, TPJ) networks. IS-RSA showed that individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns within these networks were associated with the general third-party intervention propensity. Moreover, rs-FC patterns of the right dlPFC and right TPJ were more strongly associated with individual differences in the helping propensity rather than the punishment propensity, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the dmPFC. Post-hoc predictive modeling confirmed the predictive power of rs-FC in these regions for intervention propensity across individuals. Collectively, these findings shed light on the shared and distinct roles of key regions in TPP brain networks at rest in accounting for individual variations in justice-restoring intervention behaviors.