Oxygen-defect bismuth oxychloride nanosheets for ultrasonic cavitation effect enhanced sonodynamic and second near-infrared photo-induced therapy of breast cancer.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) relies heavily on the presence of oxygen to induce cell death. Its effectiveness is thus diminished in the hypoxic regions of tumor tissue. To address this issue, the exploration of ultrasound-based synergistic treatment modalities has become a significant research focus. Here, we report an ultrasonic cavitation effect enhanced sonodynamic and 1208 nm photo-induced cancer treatment strategy based on thermoelectric/piezoelectric oxygen-defect bismuth oxychloride nanosheets (BNs) to realize the high-performance eradication of tumors. Upon ultrasonic irradiation, the local high temperature and high pressure generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect combined with the thermoelectric and piezoelectric effects of BNs create a built-in electric field. This facilitates the separation of carriers, increasing their mobility and extending their lifetimes, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of SDT and NIR-Ⅱ phototherapy on hypoxia. The Tween-20 modified BNs (TBNs) demonstrate ∼88.6 % elimination rate against deep-seated tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. In vivo experiments confirm the excellent antitumor efficacy of TBNs, achieving complete tumor elimination within 10 days with no recurrences. Furthermore, due to the high X-ray attenuation of Bi and excellent NIR-Ⅱ absorption, TBNs enable precise cancer diagnosis through photoacoustic (PA) imaging and computed tomography (CT).

Application and development of ultrasound in industrial crystallization.

Crystallization is an important process that affects the properties of final products and is essential in nearly all chemical processing industries. In recent years, ultrasonic technology has received widespread attention due to its ability to enhance crystallization yield, improve crystal morphology and shape, and regulate the particle size and distribution of crystal products. It holds promising prospects for industrial crystallization. In this work, the ultrasonic cavitation effect and ultrasonic crystallization mechanism are described, and the influence of ultrasound on the crystallization effect of products is analysed and discussed. In addition, the application status of ultrasonic reactors and ultrasonic crystallization processes is introduced in detail, and the change trend from laboratory to industrialization is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities facing the industrialization of ultrasonic crystallization in future developments are discussed. The purpose of this work is to make the selective promotion or inhibition of ultrasound more helpful for industrial crystallization.

The advance of ultrasound-enabled diagnostics and therapeutics.

Point-of-care ultrasound demonstrates significant potential in biomedical research due to its noninvasive, real-time visualization, cost-effectiveness, and other biological benefits. Ultrasound irradiation can precisely control the mechanical and physicochemical effects on pathogenic lesions, enabling real-time visualization, tunable tissue penetration depth, and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in ultrasound-enabled diagnostics and therapeutics, focusing on mechanochemical effects that can be directly integrated into biomedical applications. Additionally, the structure-functionality relationships of sonotheranostic nanoplatforms are systematically discussed, providing insights into the underlying biological effects. Finally, the limitations of current ultrasonic medicine are discussed, along with potential expansions to facilitate patient-centered translations.

Thermal Cavitation Effect on the Hydrodynamic Performance of Spiral Groove Liquid Face Seals.

Cavitation in micro-scale lubricating film could be determined by the fluid's thermal properties, which impacts the hydrodynamic lubrication capacity dramatically. This study aimed to novelly investigate the impact of the thermal cavitation effect on the hydrodynamic performance of liquid face seals, employing the compressible cavitation model, viscosity-temperature effect, and energy equation. The finite difference method was adopted to analyze the thermal cavitation by calculating the pressure and temperature profiles of the lubricating film. The working conditions and geometric configuration of liquid face seals under different thermal cases were further studied to explore their effects on sealing performance. The results showed that thermal cavitation could reduce the temperature difference of liquid film at high speeds, and cavitation would be weakened under temperature gradients, which further dropped off the hydrodynamic performance. Contrary to the leakage rate, the opening forces tended to be lower with the increasing seal pressure and film thickness under high-temperature gradients. Furthermore, apart from the spiral angle of grooves, the hydrodynamic performance exhibited significant variation with increasing groove depth, number, and radius at high-temperature gradients, which meant that the thermal cavitation effect should be considered in the design of geometric grooves to obtain better hydrodynamic performance.

MOF-Derived Nanoparticles with Enhanced Acoustical Performance for Efficient Mechano-Sonodynamic Therapy.

Ultrasound (US) generates toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by acting on sonosensitizers for cancer treatment, and the mechanical damage induced by cavitation effects under US is equally significant. Therefore, designing a novel sonosensitizer that simultaneously possesses efficient ROS generation and enhanced mechanical effects is promising. In this study, carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (C-ZnO) are constructed for mechano-sonodynamic cancer therapy. The presence of carbon (C) doping optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing the ROS generation triggered by US, efficiently inducing tumor cell death. On the other hand, the high specific surface area and porous structure brought about by C doping enable C-ZnO to enhance the mechanical stress induced by cavitation bubbles under US irradiation, causing severe mechanical damage to tumor cells. Under the dual effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and mechanical therapy mediated by C-ZnO, excellent anti-tumor efficacy is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, along with a high level of biological safety. This is the first instance of utilizing an inorganic nanomaterial to achieve simultaneous enhancement of ROS production and US-induced mechanical effects for cancer therapy. This holds significant importance for the future development of novel sonosensitizers and advancing the applications of US in cancer treatment.

Acoustic Delivery of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein into Liver via ApoB100-Targeted Microbubbles Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Growth.

Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the majority of mortality worldwide. A significantly increased plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, free cholesterol, and one apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) in the blood, plays the most significant role in driving the development of atherosclerosis. Commercially available cholesterol-lowering drugs are not sufficient for preventing recurrent cardiovascular events. Developing alternative strategies to decrease the plasma cholesterol levels is desirable. Herein, we develop an approach for reducing LDL-C levels using gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) that were coated with anti-ApoB100 antibodies. These targeted MBApoB100 could selectively capture LDL particles in the bloodstream through forming LDL-MBApoB100 complexes and transport them to the liver for degradation. Further immunofluorescence staining and lipidomic analyses showed that these LDL-MBApoB100 complexes may be taken up by Kupffer cells and delivered to liver cells and bile acids, greatly inhibiting atherosclerotic plaque growth. More importantly, ultrasound irradiation of these LDL-MBApoB100 complexes that accumulated in the liver may induce acoustic cavitation effects, significantly enhancing the delivery of LDL into liver cells and accelerating their degradation. Our study provides a strategy for decreasing LDL-C levels and inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis.

Recent advances of focused ultrasound induced blood-brain barrier opening for clinical applications of neurodegenerative diseases.

With the aging population on the rise, neurodegenerative disorders have taken center stage as a significant health concern. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role to maintain the stability of central nervous system, yet it poses a formidable obstacle to delivering drugs for neurodegenerative disease therapy. Various methods have been devised to confront this challenge, each carrying its own set of limitations. One particularly promising noninvasive approach involves the utilization of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with contrast agents-microbubbles (MBs) to achieve transient and reversible BBB opening. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental mechanisms behind FUS/MBs-mediated BBB opening and spotlights recent breakthroughs in its application for neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it addresses the current challenges and presents future perspectives in this field.

Advances in using ultrasound to regulate the nervous system.

Ultrasound is a mechanical vibration with a frequency greater than 20 kHz. Due to its high spatial resolution, good directionality, and convenient operation in neural regulation, it has recently received increasing attention from scientists. However, the mechanism by which ultrasound regulates the nervous system is still unclear. This article mainly explores the possible mechanisms of ultrasound's mechanical effects, cavitation effects, thermal effects, and the rise of sonogenetics. In addition, the essence of action potential and its relationship with ultrasound were also discussed. Traditional theory treats nerve impulses as pure electrical signals, similar to cable theory. However, this theory cannot explain the phenomenon of inductance and cell membrane bulging out during the propagation of action potential. Therefore, the flexoelectric effect of cell membrane and soliton model reveal that action potential may also be a mechanical wave. Finally, we also elaborated the therapeutic effect of ultrasound on nervous system disease such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction rapidly improves left ventricular function in rats with ischemic cardiac dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) in the treatment of ischemic heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which UTMD improves ischemic HF. METHODS: An ischemic heart failure model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham group, HF group, HF + MB group, HF + ultrasound (US) group, HF + UTMD group, HF + UTMD+LY294002 group, and HF + LY294002 group. Serum BNP level and echocardiographic parameters were measured to evaluate cardiac function. PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. The concentrations of nitrous oxide (NO) and ATP were detected by ELISA, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate myocardial tissue. RESULTS: UTMD rapidly improved ejection fraction (EF) (HF: 37.16 ± 1.21% vs. HF + UTMD: 46.31 ± 3.00%, P < 0.01) and fractional shortening (FS) (HF: 18.53 ± 0.58% vs. HF + UTMD: 24.05 ± 1.84%, P < 0.01) in rats with ischemic HF. UTMD activated the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway (HF vs. HF + UTMD, P < 0.01) and promoted the release of NO and ATP (HF vs. HF + UTMD, both, P < 0.05). Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway by LY294002 worsened EF (HF: 37.16 ± 1.21% vs. HF + LY294002: 32.73 ± 3.05%, P < 0.05), and the release of NO and ATP by UTMD (HF + UTMD vs. HF + UTMD+LY294002, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: UTMD can rapidly improve cardiac function in ischemic HF by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and promoting the release of NO and ATP.

Ultrasound combined with microbubble mediated immunotherapy for tumor microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in dynamically regulating the progress of cancer and influencing the therapeutic results. Targeting the tumor microenvironment is a promising cancer treatment method in recent years. The importance of tumor immune microenvironment regulation by ultrasound combined with microbubbles is now widely recognized. Ultrasound and microbubbles work together to induce antigen release of tumor cell through mechanical or thermal effects, promoting antigen presentation and T cells' recognition and killing of tumor cells, and improve tumor immunosuppression microenvironment, which will be a breakthrough in improving traditional treatment problems such as immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) and himeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. In order to improve the therapeutic effect and immune regulation of TME targeted tumor therapy, it is necessary to develop and optimize the application system of microbubble ultrasound for organs or diseases. Therefore, the combination of ultrasound and microbubbles in the field of TME will continue to focus on developing more effective strategies to regulate the immunosuppression mechanisms, so as to activate anti-tumor immunity and/or improve the efficacy of immune-targeted drugs, At present, the potential value of ultrasound combined with microbubbles in TME targeted therapy tumor microenvironment targeted therapy has great potential, which has been confirmed in the experimental research and application of breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer, which provides a new alternative idea for clinical tumor treatment. This article reviews the research progress of ultrasound combined with microbubbles in the treatment of tumors and their application in the tumor microenvironment.

Application Research Progress of Nanomaterial Graphene and its Derivative Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.

Functional nanomaterial graphene and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention in many fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Most notably, graphene has become a research hotspot in the biomedical field, especially in relation to malignant tumors. In this study, we briefly review relevant research from recent years on graphene and its derivatives in tumor diagnosis and antitumor therapy. The main contents of the study include the graphene-derivative diagnosis of tumors in the early stage, graphene quantum dots, photodynamics, MRI contrast agent, acoustic dynamics, and the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and graphene on tumor therapy. Moreover, the biocompatibility of graphene is briefly described. This review provides a broad overview of the applications of graphene and its derivatives in tumors. Conclusion, graphene and its derivatives play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on oxide layer properties in ultrasonic-assisted ELID internal cylinder grinding.

The oxide film on the surface of the grinding wheel plays a very important role in ultrasonic-assisted electrolytic in-process dressing (UA-ELID) grinding. In order to investigate the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the characteristics of oxide film on the surface of grinding wheel in compound grinding, the formation mechanism of oxide film on the surface of grinding wheel under ultrasonic action was analyzed theoretically from two aspects: the change of single grain trajectory caused by ultrasonic vibration and the effect of ultrasonic cavitation. The pre-dressing tests were conducted with different pre-dressing times to observe the oxide layer properties at different pre-dressing stages. The grinding tests were conducted after pre-dressing to verify the grinding performance of oxide layer under different pre-dressing methods. The results show that after the ultrasonic vibration of the grinding wheel is added during electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) process, the holes and cracks of the oxide film on the surface of the grinding wheel are greatly reduced during the whole pre-dressing process. In addition, the pre-dressing current decreases more stably and the current is smaller when it reaches stability. After the pre-dressing, the thickness of the oxide film is reduced by about 35 % and the hardness is increased by about 70 % compared with the ordinary pre-dressing process. The grinding test results show that the oxide film obtained by ultrasonic vibration of the additional grinding wheel is more conducive to improving the surface quality of the grinding process. Therefore, compared with the ordinary pre-dressing process, the density and uniformity of oxide film on the surface of grinding wheel is better and the hardness is higher after the additional ultrasonic vibration of grinding wheel. It is beneficial to improve the surface quality of workpiece.

Anchoring Microbubbles on Cerebrovascular Endothelium as a New Strategy Enabling Low-Energy Ultrasound-Assisted Delivery of Varisized Agents Across Blood-Brain Barrier.

The protective blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic agents from entering the brain. Currently, focused ultrasound (FUS) is mostly employed to create microbubbles that induce a cavitation effect to open the BBB. However, microbubbles pass quickly through brain microvessels, substantially limiting the cavitation effect. Here, we constructed a novel perfluoropropane-loaded microbubble, termed ApoER-Pep-MB, which possessed a siloxane bonds-crosslinked surface to increase the microbubble stability against turbulence in blood circulation and was decorated with binding peptide for apolipoprotein E receptor (ApoER-Pep). The microbubble with tailor-made micron size (2 µm) and negative surface charge (-30 mV) performed ApoER-mediated binding rather than internalization into brain capillary endothelial cells. Consequently, the microbubble accumulated on the brain microvessels, based on which even a low-energy ultrasound with less safety risk than FUS, herein diagnostic ultrasound (DUS), could create a strong cavitation effect to open the BBB. Evans Blue and immunofluorescence staining studies demonstrated that the DUS-triggered cavitation effect not only temporarily opened the BBB for 2 h but also caused negligible damage to the brain tissue. Therefore, various agents, ranging from small molecules to nanoscale objects, can be efficiently delivered to target regions of the brain, offering tremendous opportunities for the treatment of brain diseases.

In-situ observation of phase separation dynamics for immiscible aqueous solution within ultrasonic field.

A high-speed imaging technique was used to observe the phase separation process of water (H2O)-20 %succinonitrile (SCN) immiscible solution within ultrasound field. Combining with numerical simulation, the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming on the fragmentation and migration of secondary droplets were revealed. It was found that the previously spherical or near-spherical secondary H2O-rich droplets formed under static condition were dynamically transformed into several novel forms, such as tadpole-like, string-beads, gourd-like, and threadlike patterns. The calculated results showed that the cavitation could fragment micron-scale H2O-rich droplets because of the produced higher shock wave pressure than the droplets' Laplace pressure, and the subsequent droplet morphology evolution mainly depended on the liquid ejection volume determined by the distance between the droplets and the collapsing bubbles. Meanwhile, acoustic streaming, which generated shear force exceeding the surface tension of H2O-rich phase, stretched, split and finally fractured millimeter-sized or even larger secondary droplets into several smaller spherical sub-droplets. In comparison, the observed secondary droplet distribution characteristics in H2O-20 %SCN solution were similar to the Bi-rich particles in the ultrasonic solidification microstructures of Al-30 %Bi immiscible alloy, confirming that this work provided a deep understanding of the liquid phase separation mechanism within ultrasonic field.

Sonochemically assisted the synthesis and catalytic application of bismuth-based photocatalyst: A mini review.

Recently, bismuth (Bi)-based photocatalysts have been a well-deserved hotspot in the field of photocatalysis owning to their photoelectrochemical properties driven by the distortion of the Bi 6 s orbital, while their narrow band gap and poor quantum efficiency still restrict their application. With the development of ultrasonic technology, it is expected to become a broom to clear the application obstacles of Bi-based photocatalysts. The special forces and environmental conditions brought by ultrasonic irradiation play beneficial roles in the preparation, modification and performance releasement of Bi-based photocatalysts. In this review, the role and influencing factors of ultrasound in the preparation and modification of Bi-based photocatalysts were introduced. Crucially, the mechanism of the improving the performance for various types of Bi-based photocatalysts by ultrasound in the whole process of photocatalysis was deeply analyzed. Then, the application of ultrasonic synergistic Bi-based photocatalysts in contaminants treatment and energy conversion was briefly introduced. Finally, based on an unambiguous understanding of ultrasonic technology in assisting Bi-based photocatalysts, the future directions and possibilities for ultrasonic synergistic Bi-based photocatalysts are explored.

Application progress of ultrasonication in flour product processing: A review.

Flour products played a vital role in the global diet structure. With the increasing demand for dietary health and food standardization, the staple food of flour products made from coarse grains due to its unique flavor and rich nutrition has become a trend and is favored by consumers. However, the lack of gluten protein in the raw materials prevented the formation of a stable gluten network structure, leading to the deterioration of the quality of flour products. Ultrasonic treatment, as an innovative food processing technology, generated energy during the action of ultrasonic waves that had a positive impact on the texture, organizational structure, or flavor characteristics of food. That was of great significance for improving food production efficiency, improving food processing quality, and extending food shelf life. This article applied ultrasonic technology to the processing of flour products from the perspective of promoting fermentation and improving production efficiency of flour products. The cavitation effect of ultrasound promoted the formation of gluten network structure, improved the rheology properties of dough and the quality of flour products by promoting protein cross-linking, improving the foaming and emulsifying stability of gluten protein, and promoting the growth and reproduction of yeast. All reviewed studies indicate that ultrasound would be a promising technology for producing high-quality surface products under appropriate conditions.

Sono-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton catalysis: magnetic halloysite nanotube synthesis and accelerated free radical generation.

Although heterogeneous Fenton catalysis has captured increasing attention compared to its homogeneous counterpart, it still confronts some inherent drawbacks in use, such as the dilemma in solid-liquid separation and greater mass transfer resistance. Driven by the acoustic cavitation effect, herein, a sono-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton catalysis process was built to overcome the above two shortcomings, by rapidly synthesizing magnetic Fenton-like catalysts and accelerating electron transfer during the catalytic reaction. The results show that, compared to the traditional chemical coprecipitation method, Fe3O4 with smaller particle size and better crystallinity grew on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by using the sonochemical strategy, leading to displaying the higher catalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue (MB, improved by ~2.5 times). In parallel, more •OH and •O2- were produced after the ultrasound was further introduced to the routine Fenton-like catalysis system, thus highly accelerating the removal of MB (improved by ~50%). Besides, benefiting from the robust chemical integration of Fe3O4 and HNTs, Fe3O4@HNTs-S had a lower iron ion leaching in use, showing superior catalytic stability. The speed, simplicity, and generality, together with the enhanced mass transfer rate, make the use of ultrasound an enabling methodology to improve the heterogeneous Fenton catalysis.

Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of two-dimensional materials for electrocatalysts.

Developing green, environmental, sustainable new energy sources is an important problem to be solved in the world. Among the new energy technologies, water splitting system, fuel cell technology and metal-air battery technology are the main energy production and conversion methods, which involve three main electrocatalytic reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The efficiency of the electrocatalytic reaction and the power consumption are very dependent on the activity of the electrocatalysts. Among various electrocatalysts, the two-dimensional (2D) materials have received widespread attention due to multiple advantages, such as their easy availability and low price. What' important is that they have adjustable physical and chemical properties. It is possible to develop them as electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals. Therefore, the design of two-dimensional electrocatalysts is a focus in the research area. Some recent advances in ultrasound-assisted preparation of two-dimensional (2D) materials have been overviewed according to the kind of materials in this review. Firstly, the effect of the ultrasonic cavitation and its applications in the synthesis of inorganic materials are introduced. The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of representative 2D materials for example transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), graphene, layered double metal hydroxide (LDH), and MXene, and their catalytic properties as electrocatalysts are discussed in detail. For example, the CoMoS4 electrocatalysts have been synthesized through a facile ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. The obatined HER and OER overpotential of CoMoS4 electrode is 141 and 250 mV, respectively. This review points out some problems that need to be solved urgently at present, and provides some ideas for designing and constructing two-dimensional materials with better electrocatalytic performance.

Phase-transition nanodroplets with immunomodulatory capabilities for potentiating mild magnetic hyperthermia to inhibit tumour proliferation and metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT)-mediated thermal ablation therapy has promising clinical applications in destroying primary tumours. However, traditional MHT still presents the challenges of damage to normal tissues adjacent to the treatment site and the destruction of tumour-associated antigens due to its high onset temperature (> 50 °C). In addition, local thermal ablation of tumours often exhibits limited therapeutic inhibition of tumour metastasis. RESULTS: To address the above defects, a hybrid nanosystem (SPIOs + RPPs) was constructed in which phase transition nanodroplets with immunomodulatory capabilities were used to potentiate supermagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)-mediated mild MHT (< 44 °C) and further inhibit tumour proliferation and metastasis. Magnetic-thermal sensitive phase-transition nanodroplets (RPPs) were fabricated from the immune adjuvant resiquimod (R848) and the phase transition agent perfluoropentane (PFP) encapsulated in a PLGA shell. Because of the cavitation effect of microbubbles produced by RPPs, the temperature threshold of MHT could be lowered from 50℃ to approximately 44℃ with a comparable effect, enhancing the release and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the cell membrane increased by 72.39%, and the released high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) increased by 45.84% in vivo. Moreover, the maturation rate of dendritic cells (DCs) increased from 4.17 to 61.33%, and the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) increased from 10.44 to 35.68%. Under the dual action of mild MHT and immune stimulation, contralateral and lung metastasis could be significantly inhibited after treatment with the hybrid nanosystem. CONCLUSION: Our work provides a novel strategy for enhanced mild magnetic hyperthermia immunotherapy and ultrasound imaging with great clinical translation potential.

Thermo-Hydrodynamic Lubricating Behaviors of Upstream Liquid Face Seals with Ellipse Dimples.

In order to obtain the leakage characteristics of an upstream pumping face seal with inclined ellipse dimples under high-temperature and high-speed liquid lubricating conditions, a thermo-hydrodynamic lubricating model is developed. The novelty of this model is that it takes the thermo-viscosity effect and cavitation effect into account. The influence of operating parameters, such as rotational speed, seal clearance, seal pressure, ambient temperature and structural parameters, such as dimple depth, inclination angle, slender ratio and dimple number on the opening force and leakage rate, is numerically calculated. The results obtained show that the thermo-viscosity effect makes the cavitation intensity decrease noticeably, leading to an increase in the upstream pumping effect of ellipse dimples. Moreover, the thermo-viscosity effect may make both the upstream pumping leakage rate and opening force increase by about 10%. It can also be found that the inclined ellipse dimples can produce an obvious upstream pumping effect and hydrodynamic effect. Based on the reasonable design of the dimple parameter, not only can the sealed medium achieve zero leakage, but the opening force can also increase by more than 50%. The proposed model has the potential to provide the theoretical basis for and guide the future designs of upstreaming liquid face seals.