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1.
Heliyon ; 10(14): e34200, 2024 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39092250

RESUMO

Ethiopian Orthodox churches are significant habitats for endemic and threatened plant species, yet their vegetation status and the land use systems impacting them, are little known. Therefore, this study assessed the land use and land cover changes (LULCC) within a 3 km buffer area and the woody vegetation status of the Tsimur Gebriel Monastery in the Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. The United States Geological Survey's multi-dated (1986, 1999, and 2018) Landsat imagery was used for LULCC analysis. A supervised classification technique was employed for image classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Systematic sampling techniques were used to collect vegetation data (tree species, height, and DBH), using 20 sample plots (20 × 20 m) distanced 100 m apart. The results highlighted that among the five identified LULCC types in the buffer zone of the monastery, the farmland area has expanded from 56 to 78 % at the expense of shrublands between 1986 and 2018. At the monastery, 19 woody tree species from 13 families were identified, with an evenness of 0.5 and a Shannon diversity index of 2.4. The stem density was 336 stems per hectare, and the forest cover was approximately 65 %. Olea europaea was the dominant tree species, while Juniperus procera showed a lack of regeneration at the monastery. Despite the fair natural regeneration, the monastery exhibited lower species diversity, richness, and evenness. However, the monastery remains an important habitat for rare and threatened tree species and may supply seeds for the restoration of degraded lands. Therefore, establishing exclosures in the buffer zone, strengthening stone walls and enrichment planting of degraded tree species should be implemented to ensure the sustainable conservation of valuable tree species.

2.
Heliyon ; 8(9): e10491, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36097492

RESUMO

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Churches comprise remnant native woody species around their premises that are important for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. The current study was conducted to examine woody species diversity and carbon stock of church forests along age gradient in Dangila district, Awi-zone, Ethiopia. A list of documented churches was taken from parish council and tourism that categorized into three age gradients i.e., >200yrs, 100-200yrs and ≤100yrs. Then one church was purposively selected from each age gradient. At each of the selected churches, three Gentry transect lines were laid down systematically in three cardinal directions with 120° interval. Tree height and DBH/DSH ≥5cm were measured and saplings were counted within 2m width; whereas, seedling with height <1m was counted from three plots of 2 m × 2 m size along the transect line. Woody species diversity and evenness were computed using Shannon diversity and Evenness indices and carbon stock estimation was done by allometric equation. A total of 91 woody species belong to 45 families and 77 genera were recorded in the church forests. Woody species community structure along age gradients showed an inverted J-shape. The mean Shannon diversity of old, middle and recent church age gradient was 2.85 ± 0.21, 2.74 ± 0.13 and 2.37 ± 0.49 respectively. Woody species richness is statistically significant along age classes. The mean total biomass carbon stock along old, middle and recent age gradients was 64.58 ± 23.58, 65.22 ± 63.47 and 18.65 ± 11.02 metric ton respectively. Hence, old aged churches play a better role for indigenous woody species conservation and carbon sequestration.

3.
Microb Ecol ; 82(1): 233-242, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33851256

RESUMO

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density and root colonization are considered sensitive to host species and abiotic factors such as climate and soil. However, there is a knowledge gap about how fragmented native forest remnants might contribute to AMF conservation, what is the AMF spore density and root colonization, and to what extent climate change, particularly warming, might impact AMF. The aim of the study was to quantify the AMF spore density and root colonization along altitudinal gradients in three agro-ecological zones of nine church forests in northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 45 plots. All the surveyed church forest species were colonized by AMF. However, we found a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in root colonization and AMF abundance in forests at high elevation. The topsoil had significantly (p < 0.05) higher root colonization and AMF abundance than subsurface soil. We found strong negative correlations between altitude and both spore density and root colonization and soil fertility. While we cannot separate whether spore density was temperature or soil limited, we can demonstrate the importance of conserving certain tree species, particularly Ficus species, which harbor high spore densities, in both lowland and midland church forests. In the highland, no Ficus species were found. However, Hagenia abyssinica, another Rosales, had the highest spore density in the highland ecoregion.


Assuntos
Micorrizas , Etiópia , Florestas , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia do Solo , Esporos Fúngicos
4.
Plant Divers ; 41(4): 220-228, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31528781

RESUMO

The aim of this research is to investigate the patterns of vascular plant species richness, diversity, and distribution along an elevation gradient in the Abune Yosef mountain range, Ethiopia. Preferential systematic sampling was employed to collect vegetation and environmental data along the elevation gradient. We found that plant species richness declines monotonically from low to high elevations. Specifically, vascular plant species richness and diversity were lower in the Afroalpine grassland (high elevation) than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest (low elevations). In contrast, endemic vascular plant richness was significantly higher in the Afroalpine grassland than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest. Elevation showed a significant impact on the richness, diversity, and endemism of vascular plants. According to Sørensen's coefficient, the similarity between Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest vegetation types is higher (32%) than the similarity between Ericaceous forest and Afroalpine grassland (18%). Only 5% similarity was recorded between the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Afroalpine grassland. Growth forms showed different elevational richness patterns. Trees and liana increased monotonically up to 3300 m. Shrub and herb richness patterns followed a hump-shaped and inverted hump-shaped pattern along the elevation gradient. The elevation patterns of vascular plant species richness, diversity, and growth form in the present study may be attributed to differences in management intensity, spatial heterogeneity, microclimatic variations, and anthropogenic disturbances.

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