Bis(ethyl-enedi-ammonium) µ-ethyl-enedi-aminetetra-acetato-1κ3 O,N,O':2κ3 O'',N',O'''-bis-[tri-oxidomolybdate(VI)] tetra-hydrate.

The title compound, (C2H10N2)2[(C10H12N2O8)(MoO3)2]·4H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group, was obtained by mixing molybdenum oxide, ethyl-enedi-amine and ethyl-enedi-amine-tetra-acetic acid (H4edta) in a 2:4:1 ratio. The complex anion contains two MoO3 units bridged by an edta4- anion. The midpoint of the central C-C bond of the edta4- anion is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The independent Mo atom is tridentately coordin-ated by a nitro-gen atom and two carboxyl-ate groups of the edta4- ligand, together with the three oxo ligands, producing a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. In the three-dimensional supra-molecular crystal structure, the dinuclear anions, the organo-ammonium counter-ions and the solvent water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯Ow, N-H⋯Oedta and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Subgroup Analysis from a Phase 1/2 Randomized Clinical Trial of 2.6% EDTA Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Age-Related Cataract.

PURPOSE: To explore the efficacy of topical 2.6% EDTA ophthalmic solution (C-KAD) as a treatment to improve visual function for the subgroup of patients with loss of contrast sensitivity (CS) due to early-stage age-related cataract. DESIGN: Subgroup analysis of randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 1/2 clinical trial data. METHODS: Both eyes of subjects in the intent-to-treat population, with mesopic CS scores between 1 and 7 grating patches (range 0-9, each patch representing 0.15 logCS), at baseline in all five frequencies, were included. The proportion of eyes with clinically significant mesopic CS improvement and mean changes in mesopic CS at spatial frequencies between 1.5 to 18 cycles per degree (cpd), and summary metrics of area under the log CS function (AULCSF), were analyzed. Other exploratory outcomes analyzed included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and lens density for a smaller subgroup of eyes for which Scheimpflug images were available. RESULTS: Forty-one subject eyes were included in the subgroup analysis (C-KAD n = 21, placebo n = 20). The primary endpoint of the proportion of eyes with mesopic CS improvements ≥ 0.30 logCS (equivalent to 100% CS improvement) in at least two of the five spatial frequencies was significantly greater for C-KAD (66.7% versus 35.0% for placebo, P = .043) at Day 120. C-KAD met the primary protocol endpoint in this subgroup analysis. The proportion of eyes achieving ≥ 0.30 logCS improvement (mesopic) as measured in AULCSF was also significantly greater for C-KAD, with 42.9% compared to 15.0% for placebo (P = .050) at Day 120. The mean change in AULCSF (mesopic) was significantly larger for C-KAD, with 0.25 logCS improvement, versus placebo with 0.06 logCS improvement (P = .020) at Day 120. C-KAD also showed significant mesopic CS improvements at spatial frequencies 3 and 6 cpd, with 0.28 logCS (P = .004) and 0.31 logCS (P = .047) versus placebo at Day 120. Positive BCVA trends and statistical significance in lens density were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant treatment effect of C-KAD in visual function and vision quality was observed consistently. These promising results suggest a novel, non-invasive pharmacological treatment to improve vision in patients with early-stage cataract.

Colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) in water using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as an indicator.

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) poses a serious risk to both human and environment health. Hence, a simple, robust, and efficient analytical method must be developed to monitor the presence of Cr(VI) in the environment. The current investigation concentrated on the colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) using TMB as indicator in the presence of H2O2. The study found that Cr(VI) reacts with H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals which oxidize TMB in a concentration dependent manner. Under optimized conditions, the method obtained a good linearity range (0.025-0.5 mg/L, r2 = 0.9944) with LOD and LOQ of 0.009 mg/L and 0.029 mg/L, respectively. The technique was further improved by the addition of EDTA in the sample preparation protocol to reduce the false positive result by the presence of ions like Cu2+, Fe3+, etc. The study recorded improved Cr(VI) recoveries (81.73-111.40 %) at different fortification levels (0.1-0.5 mg/L). Under optimized conditions, the EDTA added method obtained a good linear response (r2 = 0.9952) with a detection limit of 0.023 mg/L which is less than the prescribed limits by WHO (0.05 mg/L) and US EPA (0.1 mg/L) for drinking water. The developed analytical method is very simple without use of any nanomaterial and the results with natural water samples show that it has the potential for real-time detection of Cr(VI) in the environment.

Calcium-dependent HLA-DQ epitope revealed by EDTA mediated inhibition of antibody reactions in the Luminex single antigen bead assay.

Complement mediated interference with the detection of antibodies targeting HLA is a known limitation of the single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex assay. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is currently the serum treatment of choice in most histocompatibility laboratories to block complement activation by chelating calcium. The purpose of this study was to investigate a serum with an antibody reactivity to HLA-DQ6, 7, 8 and 9 molecules, in the Luminex SAB assay, that was inhibited by treatment with EDTA. Serum was from a 55-year-old highly sensitised female renal transplant candidate that contained, among others, antibodies to an epitope containing the 74EL eplet, shared by HLA-DQ6, DQ7, DQ8 and DQ9 molecules. Serum samples were treated with EDTA, dithiothreitol (DTT), or heat prior to testing by SAB assay. EDTA-treated serum was also tested after the addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2). HLA-DQ-specific antibodies were isolated by adsorption/elution method using three informative donor cells and were tested in the absence or presence of EDTA. The antibody reactivity against HLA-DQ6, DQ7, DQ8 and DQ9 in the SAB assay was significantly inhibited by treating serum and eluates with EDTA and was restored by addition of CaCl2. The study represents the first description of a calcium-dependent epitope in HLA molecules. The relevance of this finding is that the treatment of sera with EDTA could lead to false-negative reactions in the SAB assay, which may compromise virtual crossmatching.

Effects of Endodontic Irrigants on Shear Bond Strength of Mild Universal Adhesives to Dentin.

PURPOSE: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of several universal adhesives to dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and NaOCl followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adhese Universal, Scotchbond Universal, Prime & Bond Elect, Prime & Bond Active, and Optibond XTR were included in the study. SBS values were determined in self-etch mode with no pretreatment of the dentin, after a 20-minute exposure of the dentin to 6% NaOCl, and after a 20-minute exposure to NaOCl followed by a one-minute exposure to 17% EDTA. Experimental groups were repeated using a total-etch technique (except Optibond XTR). RESULTS: Adhesives in self-etch mode had significantly reduced SBS following dentin exposure to NaOCl (P < .05), while with a total-etch technique, only Prime & Bond Active was affected (P < .05). SBS in self-etch mode when NaOCl exposure was followed by EDTA were equal to or higher than negative control values (P < .05). For total-etch groups, Adhese Universal was negatively affected by NaOCl + EDTA exposure (P < .05). Prime & Bond Elect exhibited lower SBS following NaOCl + EDTA exposure when compared to just NaOCl exposure but was not different from the negative control (P < .05). CONCLUSION: For the adhesives tested, the use of 17% EDTA following NaOCl exposure negated the negative effects of NaOCl on SBS in self-etch mode. When used in total-etch mode, results varied significantly, with some adhesives performing better or worse depending on the specific testing condition.

Simultaneous quantification of baloxavir marboxil and its active metabolite in human plasma using UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to a human pharmacokinetic study with different anticoagulants.

Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a cap-dependent nucleic acid endonuclease inhibitor, which exerts its antiviral effects after being metabolized to its active form baloxavir acid (BXA). Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and heparin are the two most used anticoagulants in clinical blood sample collection to estimate drug levels in plasma. However, compared to heparin plasma, there is a lack of clinical pharmacokinetic data of BXA using EDTA anticoagulant tubes for blood collection. In the present study, an efficient, rapid, and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of BXM and its active metabolite BXA in human plasma with its isotopic baloxavir-d5 (BXA-d5) as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples (50 µL) were undergone using acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid a precipitant. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a Waters XBridge®C8 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 2.5 µm) column. The gradient mobile phase was 0.1 % formic acid in water (A, pH 2.8) and 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile (B) and delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min for 4.5 min. BXM and BXA were monitored using a positive electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TRIPLE QUAD™ 6500+) via multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) were 572.2→247.0, 484.2→247.0 and 489.2→252.0 for BXM, BXA, and BXA-d5 (IS). Calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL for BXM (r2 > 0.996), and 0.3-300 ng/mL for BXA (r2 > 0.998). Within-run and between-run precisions in coefficients of variations were less than 11.62 % for BXM and less than 7.47 % for BXA, and accuracies in relative error were determined to be within -7.78 % to 5.70 % for BXM and -6.67 % to 8.56 % for BXA. Extraction recovery efficiency was 92.76 % for BXM, 95.32 % for BXA, and 99.26 % for BXA-d5, respectively. The matrix effect of BXM and BXA was in line with the requirements, where the relative deviation of the accuracy was less than 6.67 % and the precision was less than 6.69 %. The validated efficient and simple UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully used in the pharmacokinetic study of BXM and BXA in healthy human volunteers with K2EDTA and heparin tubes for blood collection. EDTA might compete with BXA for chelating metal ions and thereby decrease the plasma ratio in whole blood, leading to approximately 50 % lower measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters as compared with those obtained from heparin plasma anticoagulant tubes.

Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Prophylaxis in Cataract Surgery with Combined Topical Antiseptics: A Microbiological Study.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an ophthalmic formulation containing hexamidine diisethionate (HD) 0.05%, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.0001%, and edetate disodium (EDTA) 0.01% (Keratosept®, Bruschettini, Genova, Italy) on the microbial flora of a healthy ocular surface. METHODS: Patients were enrolled consecutively. Each patient applied two drops of Keratosept® in the eye scheduled for cataract surgery (study eye) three times daily in the 2 days prior to surgery and one time in the morning of surgery. The contralateral eyes were considered as control (control eye). Bilateral conjunctival swabs were collected before the first administration (T0) and the morning of surgery (T1). The swabs were processed within 3 h from sampling for the automated detection of the presence of replicating microorganisms (colony-forming units, CFU/mL) and the provision of real-time growth curves. RESULTS: Conjunctival swabs of 32 patients (n = 128) were examined. Six patients were excluded from the efficacy analysis because of microbial load < 50 CFU/mL at T0 in the study eye. No difference between study and control eyes was observed at T0 (p = 0.40). Compared with T0, 20 (76.9%) study eyes and 10 (38.5%) control eyes showed a ≥ 1 log reduction of the microbial load at T1, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.005). Keratosept® showed good tolerability, and no adverse events or eye discomfort were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the low-dose combination of antiseptic agents in the Keratosept® ophthalmic solution effectively reduces the bacterial load of healthy flora on the ocular surface.

Root surface biomodification in periodontal therapy: Biological rationale and clinical applications.

Regenerative periodontal therapy aims to form new cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, all sealed by gingival tissue. The root surface acts as the wound margin during this regeneration process. Root surface biomodification (root conditioning/root decontamination), therefore, seems instrumental in promoting surface decontamination and enhancing tissue attachment by removing the smear layer, exposing collagen fibrils, and facilitating blood clot formation and stabilization. This review attempted to provide an all-encompassing, evidence-based assessment of the role of root surface biomodification in regenerative periodontal therapy, particularly in intrabony defects, furcation defects, and root coverage procedures. The reviewed evidence suggested that root conditioning agents, whether used independently or in conjunction with bone graft materials, biological agents, membranes, or connective tissue grafts, do not offer any clinical advantage regarding clinical attachment gain. Thus, integrating chemical methods with the mechanical root instrumentation process does not necessarily contribute to superior clinical outcomes.

Analytical strategies for sensitive and precise determination of 87Sr/86Sr in olive oil through ion extraction, chromatographic separation, and multicollector inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.

Several food regulatory bodies regard olive oil as highly susceptible to food fraud, largely due to its substantial economic worth. Precise analytical tools are being developed to uncover these types of fraud. This study examines an innovative approach to extract strontium (Sr) from the olive oil matrix (via EDTA complexation and ion-exchange chromatography) and to determine its isotope composition by MC-ICP-MS. This technique was compared to a commonly used technique (i.e. acid extraction and extraction chromatography), and then validated. Three olive oils that are sold in France were prepared and analyzed by two methods: 1) acid extraction prior to Sr purification by Sr-spec resin and 2) complexation by EDTA prior to Sr purification by AG50W-X8. These methods were applied for the determination of the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of 23 olive oils from various countries. We also demonstrated the feasibility of the method for the detection of olive oil mixtures.

Design and preparation of a novel Mg-Al LDH@EDTA-Melamine nanocomposite for effective adsorptive removal of methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes from water.

This paper deals with the preparation of a novel nanocomposite consisted of magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as well as melamine (MA) as an adsorbent. This nanocomposite was utilized to adsorb different dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) from water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, EDS, XRD, TGA, and FE-SEM analyses. The effects of various parameters such as concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH were tested to investigate their influence on adsorption conditions. Both methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes showed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, and their adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacities for methylene blue and rhodamine B were found to be 1111.103 mg/g at 45 °C and 232.558 mg/g at 60 °C, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption processes were found to be spontaneous (ΔG°< 0, for both dyes) and exothermic (ΔH° = -12.42 kJ/mol for methylene blue and ΔH° = -25.84 kJ/mol for rhodamine B) for both dyes. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces are responsible for the interactions occur between the nanocomposite and the functional groups in the dyes. The experimental findings demonstrated a greater adsorption rate of MB than RhB, suggesting the adsorbent's stronger affinity for MB. This preference is likely due to MB's size, specific functional groups, and smaller molecule size, enabling stronger interactions and more efficient access to adsorption sites compared to RhB. Even after recycling 4 times, the dye adsorption percentages of the adsorbent for MB and RhB dyes were 90 % and 87 %, but the desorption percentages of the adsorbate dyes were 85 % and 80 %, respectively. The prepared adsorbent boasts several unique properties, such as the swift and effortless adsorption of MB and RhB dyes, straightforward synthesis, mild adsorption conditions, remarkable efficiency, and the ability to be recycled up to 4 times without a significant decrease in activity.

Effect of continuous vs sequential chelation on the mechanical properties of root dentin: An ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mechanical properties of root canal dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in combination with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODS: For testing fracture resistance, 45 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP, NaOCl/EDTA, or distilled water. Fifteen untreated teeth served as control. After obturation, specimens from the experimental groups were thermocycled, dynamically-loaded, and then statically-loaded in a universal testing machine until failure. For flexural strength analysis, 15 teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP or NaOCl/EDTA. Root segments were sectioned into dentin bars and tested for flexural strength using a universal testing machine. For microhardness evaluation, 20 teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP or NaOCl/EDTA. Dentin disks from the coronal-third of each root segment were prepared, one before and one after irrigation, for microhardness testing with a Knoop hardness tester. RESULTS: The highest fracture resistance was recorded in the untreated group, and the lowest in the EDTA group. Although the HEDP group had higher fracture resistance than the EDTA group, the distilled water group demonstrated even greater fracture resistance than the HEDP group. Specimens treated with HEDP had significantly higher flexural strength and microhardness values when compared with those treated with EDTA. CONCLUSION: The fracture resistance, flexural strength, and microhardness of root canal dentin were higher when root canals were irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP, when compared with NaOCl/EDTA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Irrigating root canals with NaOCl combined with HEDP significantly improves the mechanical integrity of root canal dentin compared to the use of NaOCl with EDTA.

Modified human skin cell isolation protocol and its influence on keratinocyte and melanocyte culture.

Introduction: With the increasing emphasis on the use of nonanimal ingredients in clinical care, studies have proposed the use of TrypLE™ as an alternative to trypsin. However, previous research has reported insufficient cell yield and viability when using TrypLE to isolate skin cells compared to the dispase/trypsin-EDTA method. This study aimed to propose an improved method for increasing the yield and viability of cells isolated by TrypLE and to evaluate isolated keratinocytes and melanocytes. Methods: Foreskin tissues were isolated to keratinocytes and melanocytes using the trypsin-EDTA protocol and our modified TrypLE protocol. The yield and viability of freshly isolated cells were compared, the epidermal residue after cell suspension filtration was analyzed histologically, and the expression of cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and Melan-A was detected by flow cytometry. After cultivation, keratinocytes and melanocytes were further examined for marker expression and proliferation. A coculture model of melanocytes and HaCaT cells was used to evaluate melanin transfer. Results: The yield, viability of total cells and expression of the keratinocyte marker CK14 were similar for freshly isolated cells from both protocols. No differences were observed in the histologic analysis of epidermal residues. Moreover, no differences in keratinocyte marker expression or melanocyte melanin transfer function were observed after culture. However, melanocytes generated using the TrypLE protocol exhibited increased Melan-A expression and proliferation in culture. Conclusion: Our TrypLE protocol not only solved the problems of insufficient cell yield and viability in previous studies but also preserved normal cell morphology and function, which enables the clinical treatment of depigmentation diseases.

Directional regulation of reactive oxygen species in titanium dioxide boosting the photocatalytic degradation performance of azo dyes.

It has been widely accepted that the generation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide during photocatalysis is responsible for the degradation of azo dyes. However, it is unclear which reactive oxygen species primarily contributes to the degradation efficiency of azo dyes. Here, we demonstrate that the directional regulation of reactive oxygen species in titanium dioxide (TiO2) to form superoxide radicals by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) can significantly improve the degradation performance of methyl orange. The optimized addition of EDTA-2Na can completely degrade azo dyes such as methyl orange, acid orange and alkaline orange at a concentration of 10 mg/L in about 20 min, which is not only higher than that achieved by pristine TiO2 under Xe lamp light but also far superior to the reported degradation efficiency of modified TiO2. Even under natural sunlight, this strategy can also effectively decompose azo dyes, demonstrating the great potential for practical water treatment using low-cost TiO2 photocatalysts.

Synergistically active Fe3O4 magnetic and EDTA modified cellulose cotton fabric using chemical method and their effective pollutants removal ability from wastewater.

A unique combination of cotton fabric (CF) with a mixture of EDTA and APTES Fe3O4 magnetic particles was developed and utilized for the first time as an adsorbent for removing pollutants from wastewater. Initially, Fe3O4 was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Further, the surface of Fe3O4 was modified by introducing amino functional groups through a reaction with APTES, resulting in Fe3O4-NH2. Following this, the surface of carbon fiber (CF) was altered using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to create CF@EDTA. Through the use of EDC-HCl and NHS, Fe3O4-NH2 was attached to the surface of CF@EDTA, resulting in the final product CF@EDTA/Fe3O4. Subsequently, the prepared CF@EDTA/Fe3O4 was utilized to adsorb metal pollutants from wastewater, with a thorough analysis conducted using various characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, and XPS to study the materials. The study specifically aimed to assess the adsorption performance of our cotton-based material towards As(III) and Cr3+ metal ions. The pH study was also performed. Results indicated that the material exhibited an adsorption capacity of approximately 714 mg/g for As(III) ions and 708 mg/g for Cr3+ ions. The Langmuir and Freundlich models, as well as pseudo-first and second-order models were also analyzed. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models were found to best fit the data. In terms of regeneration and reusability, the materials showed straightforward regeneration and recyclability for up to 15 cycles. The remarkable adsorption capacity, combined with the unique blend of cotton and Fe3O4 magnet, along with its recyclability, positions our material CF@EDTA/Fe3O4 as a promising contender for wastewater treatment and other significant areas in water research.

Chitosan-based endodontic irrigation solutions and TGF-ß1 treatment: Creating the most favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures. AIM: To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.5% NaOCl on DSCS viability; (ii) the effect of different concentrations of TGF-ß1 on DCSC proliferation; and (iii) whether treatment with TGF-ß1 following exposure to the different irrigation solutions could compensate for their negative effects. METHODOLOGY: (i) DSCS were treated with three dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000) of the six irrigation solutions prepared in DMEM for 10 and 60 min to assess the effect on viability. (ii) The effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 ng/mL) of TGF-ß1 on DCSC proliferation was assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days. (iii) The proliferative effect of TGF-ß1 following 10-min exposure to 1:10 dilution of each irrigation solution was also tested. We used MTT assay to assess viability and proliferation. We performed statistical analysis using Prism software. RESULTS: (i) The different endodontic irrigation solutions tested showed a significant effect on cell viability (p ≤ .0001). Significant interactions between the endodontic irrigation solutions and their dilutions were also found for all parameters (p ≤ .0001). Chitosan nanoparticles and 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution were the least cytotoxic to DSCS whilst 2.5% NaOCl was the most cytotoxic followed by 17% EDTA. (ii) TGF-ß1 at concentrations of 1 and 5 ng/mL resulted in significantly higher proliferation compared to the control group. (iii) Exposure to 17% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl for 10 min was sufficient to make DSCS cells refractory to the proliferative effects of TGF-ß1. DSCS groups treated with TGF-ß1 following exposure to chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse® and 10% CA demonstrated significantly higher proliferation compared to non-TGF-ß1-treated groups (p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001 and p = .01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current study offers data that can be implemented to improve the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures by using less toxic irrigation solutions and adding TGF-ß1 to the treatment protocol.

Partial incision blunt scissors lamellar keratectomy under topical anesthesia for the treatment of presumed calcific corneal degeneration in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate clinical features of lamellar keratectomy for presumed calcific corneal degeneration in a population of geriatric dogs using blunt scissors dissection under topical anesthesia. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Retrospective analysis of dogs with clinically diagnosed calcific degeneration treated by keratectomy under topical anesthesia between 2015 and 2021 at two veterinary ophthalmology practices was performed. Descriptive data regarding signalment, concurrent systemic and ocular disease, complications, healing time, and recurrence were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to calculate 1-year recurrence probability. RESULTS: Sixty-five eyes in 57 dogs met inclusion criteria. All 54 eyes with follow-up healed within a median of 14 days (7-74), including 17 with complicating factors of infection or deep stromal ulceration. Globe rupture occurred intraoperatively in three eyes (4.6%), for which subsequent conjunctival graft was performed. Calculated 1-year recurrence probability from 47 eyes followed long term was 25%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling showed a significant association between documented systemic disease and time to recurrence (p = .035), irrespective of topical EDTA use (p = .432). Median follow-up time available for all cases was 249 days. CONCLUSIONS: Blunt lamellar dissection with corneal scissors can be performed in dogs under topical anesthesia, yielding healing times and recurrence comparable to previously reported treatments for calcific corneal degeneration. Globe rupture is an inherent risk of both the disease and procedure and occurred in 4.6% of treated eyes. This approach expands non-anesthetic treatment options for affected patients but should only be performed with advanced microsurgical training and client counseling on individual risk and benefit.

Effect of Chitosan Irrigant and Lubricating Gel on Bond Strength of Resin Sealer to Radicular Dentin: An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: The adhesive strength of sealers to dentin is influenced by various factors, and the presence of a smear layer is among the critical variables. Chitosan, known for its dentin compatibility, has previously demonstrated a reduction in dentin change and resin sealer bond strength comparable to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) when used as an irrigant and final rinse. The study investigates the impact of chitosan, used as both a lubricating gel and final rinse, on the push-out bond strength of resin sealer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty single-rooted premolar teeth, each with a fully formed root and a single root canal, were collected post-extraction. During canal preparation, 1 ml sodium hypochlorite (3%) was used for irrigation at every change of instrument, followed by applying specific chelating gel and final rinse for each experimental group. The groups included: Group 1 (17% EDTA chelating gel, final rinse with saline), Group 2 (17% EDTA chelating gel, final rinse with 17% EDTA solution), Group 3 (chitosan chelating gel, final rinse with saline solution), and Group 4 (chitosan chelating gel, final rinse with 0.2% chitosan solution), 10 specimens in each group. After obturation, specimens were sealed and incubated for a week at 37°C with 100% humidity. The universal testing machine was used for push-out tests, and specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify various types of bond failure. RESULTS: Among the four groups, Group 2 exhibited the highest mean push-out bond strength (7.33 ± 0.26 MPa), followed by Group 4 (5.33 ± 0.25 MPa), Group 1 (4.61 ± 0.30 MPa), and Group 3 (2.94 ± 0.32 MPa). The variations in bond strength suggest a notable impact of the chelating agents and final rinse solutions on the resin sealer's interaction with dentin. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that the use of EDTA as both a lubricating gel and a final rinse significantly enhances push-out bond strength, outperforming chitosan in this study. Groups with saline as the final rinse (Group 1 and Group 3) exhibited the least bond strength, highlighting the importance of the final rinse in root canal therapy.

Laser and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of residual microislands of calculus.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone versus SRP combined with 24% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) gel in removing calculus from extracted teeth and to determine the optimal length of time for application of the EDTA. METHODS: Specimens consisted of 32 extracted teeth with heavy root calculus. A 4-mm diameter site was prepared on the root surface of each tooth which then underwent SRP. EDTA was applied to four timed groups: 30 s; 60 s; 120 s; and 180 s. Photomicrographs were taken at 40× magnification using white light (WL) and laser fluorescence (LF). Photomicrographs were analyzed using ImageJ. Specimens were also evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The mean area of residual calculus after SRP was 45%-53% (45.6% ± 19.6% WL, 53.8% ± 19.7% LF). Burnishing with EDTA for one minute following SRP reduced calculus to only 14%-18% (13.9% ± 12.5% LF, 18.2% ± 11.1% WL). Use of EDTA for greater than 1 min showed no further calculus removal. SEM revealed the surface of remaining calculus was altered by burnishing with EDTA. CONCLUSION: SRP alone or SRP + 24% EDTA gel failed to remove all calculus. SRP alone removed >60% of calculus from root surfaces. Adjunctive use of 24% EDTA gel burnished on the root surface removed most of the calculus residual after SRP. Calculus remaining after EDTA burnishing exhibited a significantly altered morphologic appearance.

Kanamycin treated-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in blood specimen of cats.

Background: Pseudothrombocytopenia is a commonly obtained false negative result when analyzing feline platelet (PLT) count by an automated machine. It is related to ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), a widely utilized anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, resulting in EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP). Aim: To investigate whether treated with kanamycin enhanced the quantity of PLT aggregations in feline blood specimens collected using EDTA-PTCP. Methods: Thirty-one blood samples were obtained using EDTA tubes. The complete blood count was analyzed using an automated Mindray BC-5000Vet. Both Manual cell counts and thin blood smears were performed to estimate the amount of red blood cell, white blood cell, and PLTs as well as to evaluate the severity scores of PLT clumping, respectively. Comparisons were made between those pre-treated and those treated with kanamycin in the EDTA tube. Results: There were significantly different mean PLT counts in the samples before and after they were treated with kanamycin, both on automated (156.6 ± 76.4 vs. 260.3 ± 115.5; p < 0.001) and manual (168.5 ± 92.1 vs. 262.8 ± 119.6; p < 0.001) readings, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.19 (0.022-0.365). Conclusion: This study suggests that in clinical laboratory practice, kanamycin should be added to feline blood specimens with EDTA-PTCP.