Experiencia en el uso de los protocolos Biomed-2 para el estudio de reordenamientos de TCR e inmunoglobulinas en proliferaciones linfoides en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia / Experience with the BIOMED-2 standardized polymerase chain reaction protocol for immunoglobulin and T- cell receptor clonality analysis in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia

Introducción. El consorcio europeo BIOMED-2 se creó para determinar si una población linfoide de difícil clasificación patológica es clonal. En Colombia, la implementación de estas pruebas comenzó en el 2015 en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E. (Bogotá). Objetivos. Determinar el comportamiento de las pruebas de reordenamiento clonal o clonalidad linfoide. y determinar las dificultades de su uso en nuestro medio verificando su adaptación local y los resultados en una serie retrospectiva de casos y consecutiva de proliferaciones linfoides sometidas a los protocolos BIOMED-2. Materiales y métodos. A partir de las historias clínicas, se recolectaron los datos clínicos e histológicos y los resultados de los análisis de los reordenamientos en todos los casos de proliferaciones linfoides sometidas a los protocolos BIOMED-2, entre febrero de 2015 y mayo de 2019. Resultados. Se hallaron 132 casos, de los cuales 47 se clasificaron mediante los protocolos de Biomed-2 como hiperplasias linfoides reactivas, 62 como linfomas T, 19 como linfomas B y 3 como neoplasias linfoides de linaje no establecido. Solo en un caso falló la extracción de ADN. Según estos resultados, la mayor dificultad diagnóstica para el patólogo fue el análisis de los infiltrados linfoides T, la mayoría (44) de los cuales correspondía a lesiones cutáneas. Conclusiones. Las pruebas de clonalidad pueden usarse en tejidos de diversa calidad en nuestro medio como ayuda en el diagnóstico de proliferaciones linfoides de difícil clasificación. Es importante hacerlas e interpretarlas de manera multidisciplinaria y considerar cada caso por separado.

Introduction: The European BIOMED-2 consortium was created to evaluate clonality in lymphoproliferations that are difficult to diagnose. In Colombia, the implementation of these tests began in 2015 at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E., Bogotá. Objectives: To determine the behavior of the rearrangement tests for lymphoid clonality and the difficulties of its implementation in our field through a series of retrospective and consecutive cases of lymphoid proliferation subjected to the BIOMED-2 protocols. Materials and methods: Clinical and histological data and the results of the rearrangement analysis of all cases of lymphoid proliferation subjected to the BIOMED-2 protocols between February 2015 and May 2019 were collected from clinical histories. Results: We recovered 132 samples from which 47 corresponded to reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, 62 to T lymphomas, 19 to B lymphomas, and three to lymphoid neoplasms of unestablished lineage. Only in one case did DNA extraction fail. According to these results, the greatest diagnostic difficulty for the pathologist was the analysis of T lymphoid infiltrates, most of which (44) were skin lesions. Conclusions: Clonality tests can be used in tissues of different quality to help in the diagnosis of lymphoid proliferations that are difficult to classify. It is important to implement and interpret them in an interdisciplinary way considering each case separately.

Los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales permiten diferenciar los grupos transandino y cisandino de las especies de Rhodnius de Colombia / Salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns enabled differentiating Colombian Rhodnius Trans-Andean and Cis-Andean groups

Introducción. Las especies Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) están conformadas por insectos hematófagos vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, y T. rangeli, parásito infectivo pero no patógeno para el vertebrado. El estudio de la diversidad proteica de la saliva de estos insectos permite la obtención de perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales característicos de algunas especies de triatominos. Sin embargo, el reporte de los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales de las especies de Rhodnius ha sido escaso. Objetivo. Hacer un análisis comparativo de los perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales de las proteínas salivales de R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron los perfiles electroforéticos de la saliva de las especies en estudio mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecilsulfato sódico (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) y se construyó un fenograma mediante el método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages). Resultados. Los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas solubles de saliva presentaron bandas en un rango de masa aproximado de 15 a 45 kDa, los cuales permitieron diferenciar las cinco especies estudiadas. El fenograma reveló la existencia de dos grupos principales: uno conformado por los grupos cisandinos Pictipes y Prolixus y otro constituido por el grupo transandino Pallescens. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas salivales entre R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus, cuya variabilidad permitió construir un fenograma congruente con los grupos del género Rhodnius.

Introduction: Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species are made up of haematophagous insect vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease aetiological agent) and T. rangeli, an infective parasite that is not pathogenic for vertebrate hosts. The study of their salivary protein diversity enables the obtention of characteristic one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of some triatomine species; however, few reports have dealt with Rhodnius species salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns. Objective: To compare R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus' salivary proteins one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles. Materials and methods: SDS-PAGE was used for obtaining electrophoretic profiles of saliva from the species under study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used for constructing a phenogram. Results: Electrophoretic profiles of soluble saliva had protein bands ranging from 15 to 45 kDa, thereby enabling the five species studied to be differentiated. The phenogram revealed two main groups, one formed by the Pictipes and Prolixus cis-Andean groups and another consisting of the Pallescens trans-Andean group. Conclusion: Differences were revealed regarding R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus electrophoretic profiles of salivary proteins; their variability facilitated constructing a phenogram which was taxonomically congruent with the groups from the genus Rhodnius.

Diagnostic potential of saliva proteome analysis: a review and guide to clinical practice

Abstract: Proteomic techniques have become popular in medicine and dentistry because of their widespread use in analyzing bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and gingival crevicular fluids as well as hard tissues such as enamel, dentine, and cementum. This review is a guide to proteomic techniques in general dentistry, summarizing techniques and their clinical application in understanding and diagnosing diseases and their use in identifying biomarkers of various diseases.

Differencial proteome of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues

Purpose We attempted to detect, for the first time in a Brazilian cohort, differences in protein expression between clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and their normal adjacent tissues, aiming to identify biomarkers and/or therapeutic target candidates for this disease. Material and Methods Twenty-four ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues were collected after surgery and their protein extracts were quantified, pooled and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE), followed by statistical analysis of the stained gels. Spots of interest were excised from the gels, digested with trypsin and identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Results Twenty-six differential spots were detected between the two classes of tissues, among which twenty were identified by mass spectrometry and sixteen were found to be non-redundant. Eleven proteins were either underexpressed or undetected in the ccRCC extracts, such as prohibitin and peroxiredoxin-3, whereas five were found to be overexpressed or exclusively detected in the ccRCC extract, including αβ crystalin and heat shock protein 27. CONCLUSIONS Several proteins were detected at differential levels when compared to normal adjacent tissues, and, moreover, many have been previously described by their relationship with RCC. Therefore, this work corroborates previous reports on the search for biomarkers for ccRCC, as well as it points out new candidates that may be validated in future studies. .

Proteômica na sepse: estudo piloto / Proteomics in sepsis: a pilot study

Na sepse ocorre desregulação da expressão gênica. Os marcadores genéticos revelam apenas o genótipo do indivíduo, não sendo afetados pelos processos biológicos decorrentes da ação do ambiente, estes expressos nas proteínas. Este estudo teve como objetivo alcançar maior compreensão sobre as bases moleculares da sepse. Para tal realizou a identificação e análise da expressão diferencial de proteínas no soro de paciente séptico em diferentes estágios de gravidade (sepse, sepse grave e choque séptico) através de técnicas proteômicas. Amostras de soro referentes a cada estágio da sepse foram colhidas e submetidas à eletroforese unidimensional em fitas com gradiente de pH imobilizado seguida de eletroforese bidimensional em gel de poliacrilamida 12,5 por cento. Os géis obtidos foram corados, escaneados e analisados através do programa ImageMasterPlatinum. As proteínas expressas diferencialmente nos géis foram excisadas, digeridas com tripsina e identificadas através de espectrometria de massa. Foram identificadas 14 proteínas expressas diferencialmente entre os estágios da sepse, assim como uma proteína não expressa em todos os estágios, sugerindo a existência de um possível biomarcador. Foram elas: amilóide sérico A, apolipoproteína A-1 (2 isoformas), proteína dedo de zinco 222, albumina humana, PRO 2619, imunoglobulina de cadeia leve kappa região VLJ, imunoglobulina M monoclonal de aglutinação a frio e 7 inibidoras de proteases - alfa-1 antitripsina. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo piloto demonstram a participação das vias do complemento e coagulação, do metabolismo lipídico e da informação genética na sepse. A grande maioria de proteínas identificadas está envolvida no sistema imune com predomínio das proteínas inibidoras de proteases.

Gene expression is disrupted by sepsis. Genetic markers can only reveal a patient's genotype, and they are not affected by environmental biological processes. These processes are expressed by proteins. This study was aimed to advance the insight into the molecular foundations of sepsis. It employed proteomic techniques to identify and analyze differential serum protein expressions taken from a patient throughout the stages of sepsis (sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock). Serum samples were collected at each stage of sepsis and submitted to one-dimensional electrophoresis, on gradient strips of immobilized pH, followed by two-dimensional 12.5 percent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gels obtained were stained, scanned and analyzed by the ImageMasterPlatinum program. Proteins that were differentially expressed in the gels were excised, digested with trypsin and identified through mass spectrometry. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins were identified throughout the stages of sepsis, as well as a protein that was not expressed in all stages, suggesting the potential existence of a biomarker. The differentially expressed proteins identified were: serum amyloid A, apolipoprotein A-1 (2 isoforms), zinc finger protein 222, human albumin, PRO 2619, immunoglobulin kappa light chain VLJ region, monoclonal immunoglobulin M cold agglutinin, 7 proteinase inhibitors - alpha-1 antitrypsin. The findings of this pilot study demonstrate the involvement of the complement and coagulation pathways, of the lipid metabolism and of genetic information in sepsis. The vast majority of proteins identified are involved in the immune system and the proteinase inhibitor proteins are predominant.