Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Nirvanini and Evacanthini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship.

Mitogenomes of five leafhopper species, Chudania hellerina and Concaveplana rufolineata in Nirvanini, Carinata rufipenna, Evacanthus danmainus and E. heimianus representing Evacanthini, were sequenced. The lengths of these five mitogenomes range from 15,044 (C. hellerina) to 15,680 bp (E. heimianus). All five mitogenomes exhibit similar base composition, gene size and codon usage of protein-coding genes. All 22 tRNA genes have typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1 (AGN) which appears to lack the dihydrouridine arm. The two included Nirvanini species employ the anticodon TCT instead of the commonly used GCT in trnS1 (AGN). Genes nad2, atp8 and nad6 were highly variable while cox1 and cob showed the lowest nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analyses of two concatenated nucleotide datasets, incorporating the newly sequenced taxa and other available membracoid mitogenomes, recovered each included leafhopper subfamily as monophyletic with evacanthine tribes Nirvanini and Evacanthini forming monophyletic sister clades. A relationship among Evacanthinae, Cicadellinae and Typhlocybinae received moderate branch support.

Dolichocaudus, a new genus in the leafhopper subfamily Evacanthinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with description of two new species.

A new genus Dolichocaudus gen. n. with two new species, D. acicephalus sp. n. and D. brevicephalus sp. n., is described and illustrated based on specimens from China and Thailand. This new genus differs from the closely related genera Transvenosus Wang Zhang and Cunedda Distant in having a larger body, digitiform male pygofer apex, strongly elevated and keel-like median longitudinal carina of the crown and indistinctively inflated anteclypeus, and front femur row AV with 6 enlarged basal setae.

Four new species of the leafhopper genus Riseveinus Li (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from China and Thailand.

The Oriental leafhopper genus Riseveinus Li is recorded from Thailand for the first time. Four new species, R. cervcornutus sp. nov., R. hamatus sp. nov., R. spinatus sp. nov. and R. tenuispinus sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Their diagnostic characteristics are compared with close relatives. A key to all known species of Riseveinus is provided.