Programa de controle do tabagismo em Mato Grosso do Sul: oferta, adesão e efetividade / Smoking control program in Mato Grosso do Sul: offer, adherence and effectiveness / Programa de control del tabaquismo en Mato Grosso do Sul: oferta, adherencia y efectividad

Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT) em Mato Grosso do Sul, taxas de cobertura, abandono, cessação, uso de medicamentos, rede de serviços de saúde e as razões pelas quais algumas Equipes de Saúde da Família de Campo Grande ainda não aderiram ao programa. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, baseada em dados primários e secundários sobre o PNCT em Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados primários foram obtidos por meio de questionário aplicado aos profissionais das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Campo Grande, sem oferta do programa e avaliados quanto à frequência e presença de correlação entre as variáveis analisadas utilizando V de Cramer e teste de χ2. Os dados secundários foram obtidos do consolidado do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva com os registros produzidos pelos serviços. Resultados: As taxas de adesão, efetividade e apoio farmacológico na capital e interior foram: 66,80 e 59,79%; 20,58 e 34,91%; 32,14 e 99,86%, respectivamente. A oferta do programa ocorreu em 49,37% municípios e 43,85% das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) estimadas. Houve correlações entre ser capacitado e implantar o programa; treinamento de ingresso e oferta na UBS. As dificuldades relatadas pelos profissionais foram a pandemia de COVID-19, a sobrecarga e/ou equipe pequena e/ou falta de tempo e a ausência de capacitação/treinamento. Conclusões: O PNCT em Mato Grosso do Sul apresenta baixa cobertura e oferta restrita na rede de saúde, além do desempenho mediano de assistência aos tabagistas. Evidencia-se a necessidade de investimento em capacitação/treinamento, prioritariamente para as ESF de Campo Grande, dando-lhes condições de responder às necessidades de promoção da saúde, reconhecendo o programa como de maior custo-efetividade.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the National Tobacco Control Program (PNCT) in Mato Grosso do Sul, coverage rates, dropout, cessation, use of medication, the health services network and the reasons why Family Health Teams in Campo Grande have not yet joined the program. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on primary and secondary data on the PNCT in Mato Grosso do Sul. The primary data were obtained by means of a questionnaire administered to Family Health Teams (ESF) in Campo Grande, which did not offer the program and evaluated the frequency and presence of correlation between the variables analyzed using Cramer's V test and the χ2 test. The secondary data were obtained from the consolidated records of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute with the records produced by the services. Results: The rates of adherence, effectiveness and pharmacological support in the capital and interior were: 66.80 and 59.79%; 20.58 and 34.91%; and 32.14 and 99.86%, respectively. The program was offered in 49.37% of the municipalities and 43.85% of the Basic Health Units (UBS) estimated. There were correlations between being trained and implementing the program and entry training and provision in the UBS. The difficulties reported by professionals were the COVID-19 pandemic, overload and/or a small team and/or lack of time and the absence of training. Conclusions: The PNCT in Mato Grosso do Sul has low coverage and restricted supply in the health network, in addition to average performance in assisting smokers. There is a clear need to invest in capacitation/training, primarily for the ESF in Campo Grande, enabling them to respond to the needs of health promotion, recognizing the program as more cost-effective.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el Programa Nacional de Control del Tabaco (PNCT) en Mato Grosso do Sul, las tasas de cobertura, el abandono, la cesación, el uso de medicamentos, la red de servicios de salud y las razones por las que los Equipos de Salud de la Familia en Campo Grande aún no se han unido al programa. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, basado en datos primarios y secundarios sobre el PNCT en Mato Grosso do Sul. Los datos primarios se obtuvieron por medio de un cuestionario aplicado a los Equipos de Salud de la Familia (ESF) de Campo Grande, que no ofrecían el programa y evaluaron la frecuencia y la presencia de correlación entre las variables analizadas utilizando la V de Cramer y la prueba de la χ2. Los datos secundarios se obtuvieron de los registros consolidados del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva con los registros producidos por los servicios. Resultados: Las tasas de adherencia, eficacia y apoyo farmacológico en la capital y en el interior fueron: 66,80 y 59,79%; 20,58 y 34,91%; 32,14 y 99,86%, respectivamente. El programa fue ofrecido en el 49,37% de los municipios y en el 43,85% de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) estimadas. Hubo correlación entre estar capacitado e implementar el programa; capacitación de entrada y oferta en las UBS. Las dificultades relatadas por los profesionales fueron la pandemia del COVID-19, la sobrecarga y/o un equipo pequeño y/o la falta de tiempo y la ausencia de capacitación. Conclusiones: El PNCT en Mato Grosso do Sul tiene baja cobertura y oferta restringida en la red de salud, además de un desempeño medio en la asistencia a los fumadores. Hay una clara necesidad de invertir en la creación de capacidad / formación, principalmente para la ESF en Campo Grande, lo que les permite responder a las necesidades de promoción de la salud, reconociendo el programa como más rentable.

Preventing the transitions in poly-tobacco use among young adults: A latent transition analysis of a smoking reduction intervention trial.

OBJECTIVE: The escalating trends in poly-tobacco use among young people are worrying due to the heightened health consequences associated with use. This study aims to re-analyze data from a smoking reduction intervention applying latent transition analysis (LTA) to explore the effect of a smoking reduction intervention on the transition between tobacco and nicotine use behavior patterns, particularly poly-tobacco use, over time. Additionally, the effect of sociodemographic variables on transition patterns was explored. METHODS: From 2018 to 2020, a two-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a smoking reduction intervention focusing on a comprehensive school tobacco policy across 14 vocational schools in Denmark. Baseline and five-month follow-up surveys assessed self-reported use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and waterpipe. This study was a secondary data analysis using latent transition analysis (LTA). The primary analysis of the trial did not find a significant overall effect of the intervention on tobacco use. RESULTS: A total of 2,158 students completed the baseline and/or follow-up surveys (mean age: 20.8 years, 49.5 % female). At both time points, three latent classes of tobacco and nicotine use behavior emerged (non-users, cigarette users, and poly-tobacco users). Intervention school students had 36 % lower odds of transitioning from cigarette use at baseline to poly-tobacco use at follow-up (OR = 0.64; 95 % CI 0.41,0.99, p = 0.047) compared to control school students. Males and younger students had increased odds of transitioning from cigarette use to poly-tobacco. In contrast, students of non-Danish origins had increased odds of transitioning from poly-tobacco use to non-use. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a smoking reduction intervention in reducing the progression toward poly-tobacco use among vocational school students.

Impact of smoking cessation on metabolic parameters and renal function in patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUD AND OBJECTIVES: As patients with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than those without diabetes, it is important to gain a clinical understanding of the differential effects of smoking cessation on several risk factors between patients with and without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who participated in a smoking cessation program received an assessment of the outcomes of interest. The outcomes were changes in metabolic parameters and renal function from baseline to 6-month follow-up after the smoking cessation program. RESULT: A total of 1,954 patients joined the smoking cessation program, and 1,381 patients were in the smoking cessation failure (SCF) group and 573 were in the smoking cessation success (SCS) group. The decrease in HbA1c after smoking cessation was only observed in patients with diabetes. Smoking cessation was also associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes. In terms of renal function, smoking cessation was associated with an improvement in eGFR, and the trend was similar in patients with and without diabetes. CONCLUSION: Successful smoking cessation was associated with improvement in renal function. Moreover, it was associated with improvements in HbA1c and LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes, despite significant weight gain.

Cost-utility analysis of provision of e-cigarette starter kits for smoking cessation in emergency departments: An economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: To assess the cost-effectiveness of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in Emergency Department (COSTED) intervention compared with signposting to local stop smoking service (SSS) from the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS) perspective. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a two-group, multi-centre, pragmatic, individually randomized controlled trial set in six Emergency Departments (EDs) in urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom. Adult (≥ 18 years) daily smokers (at least one cigarette or equivalent per day) but not daily e-cigarette users, with carbon monoxide reading ≥ 8 parts per million, attending the ED (n = 972) were included. The intervention consisted of provision of an e-cigarette starter kit plus brief smoking cessation advice and referral to a local SSS. Control was an information card on how to access local SSS. MEASUREMENTS: Intervention costs included costs of training and delivery. Control costs included costs of printing information cards. Costs of smoking cessation and health-care services were estimated based on quantities reported by participants and unit costs extracted from secondary sources. The effects were measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from EQ-5D-5L. Other outcomes were smoking cessation measures. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was calculated by dividing the difference in costs by the difference in QALYs between groups. FINDINGS: The mean intervention costs were £48 [standard error (SE) = £0] per participant and the mean control costs were £0.2 (SE = £0) per participant. Using regression estimates, total costs were £31 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -£341 to £283] higher and 6-month QALYs were 0.004 (95% CI = -0.004 to 0.014) higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The ICER was calculated at £7750 (probability of cost-effective at range £20 000-30 000: 72.2-76.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The UK Cessation of Smoking Trial in Emergency Department (COSTED) intervention (provision of an e-cigarette starter kit plus brief smoking cessation advice) was cost-effective compared with signposting to local stop smoking services under the current recommendations of the maximum acceptable thresholds.

Weight Loss and Number of Present Teeth in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Niigata.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Weight loss is a critical health issue among the older population. This study aimed to explore the association between weight loss and oral health in older adults. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Uonuma Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study. The binary logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the relationship between weight loss and independent variables including the number of teeth present. RESULTS: The participants included 1656 females and 1625 males. There were 1217 females (73.4%) and 1236 males (76.0%) with normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) in the previous year. Weight loss was determined over a 12-month period. Individuals with normal BMI in previous year, and those with weight loss (≥ 5%) or those whom maintained a stable weight were further analysed. The regression analysis (model 3, fully adjusted) showed that females with 0 and 1-10 teeth present had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.07; 95% CI = 1.85-8.93, OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.24-4.39) compared with those with 20 or more teeth. Current smokers had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.01-9.76) than lifelong abstainers. Among males, both current and previous smokers showed a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.94; 95%CI = 1.76-13.8, OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.29-8.68) than those who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the number of teeth and smoking are both linked to weight loss in females. However, in males, the association between the number of teeth and weight loss may be compromised due to the high prevalence of smoking in this group.

Who uses cigarette price promotions in the U.S.? examining the combined effect of social identities.

Introduction: Tobacco industry offers price promotions to promote cigarette smoking. Several social identities (e.g., women, people with low socioeconomic status) are independently associated with exposure and use of these promotions. We examined how combinations of social identities relate to use of cigarette price promotions. Methods: We analyzed data from adults who reported current cigarette smoking and purchased their own cigarettes in the 1995-2019 U.S. Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n = 35,749). We applied a statistical-learning boosting algorithm followed by weighted logistic regression models with 3-way interactions to identify combinations of social identities related to cigarette price promotion use. Results: This analysis revealed that use of cigarette price promotions varied greatly by combinations of social identities. For example, estimated 39.80% of Asian female adults living in the Midwest used these promotions in their last purchase. Meanwhile, estimated 2.80% of Asian male 31-45-year-old adults reported the same behavior. Additionally, American Indian/Alaskan Native peoples were indicated in four of the ten combinations of social identities with highest prevalence of cigarette price promotion use. Discussion: Our approach allowed for discovery of previously less appreciated social identities (e.g., race/ethnicity) related to high probability of using cigarette price promotions. These findings also revealed how combination of social-identity-related power dynamics may shape use of cigarette price promotions. Adopting this perspective in future surveillance and policy evaluation effort will provide better understanding in commercial tobacco use disparities.

Electronic nicotine delivery system flavors, devices, and brands used by adults in the United States who smoke and formerly smoked in 2022: Findings from the United States International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Objective: This study estimated prevalence of current electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) used by US adults who smoked cigarettes or formerly smoked in 2022 and assessed ENDS flavors, devices, and brands used most often. Methods: Data are from the 2022 US ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey. Respondents were recruited from a web panel of a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18+ who smoked, formerly smoked, and/or vaped ENDS. Using weighted data, we estimated prevalence of current vaping among adults who smoke or formerly smoked (N = 2,016). Among the subset who vaped (n = 554), we assessed flavors and devices used most often. Using unweighted data, we assessed the frequency (count) of reported brands used most often. Results: In 2022, 22.0 % of US adults who smoked or formerly smoked were vaping at least monthly. A significantly higher proportion of adults who formerly smoked and/or were younger (18-39) were vaping than adults who were smoking and/or were older (40+) (both p < 0.001). Tank devices were used most often (34.7 %), followed by disposables (27.4 %), pre-filled pods/cartridges (23.0 %), and refillable pods/cartridges (14.9 %). The five most commonly used flavors were fruit (33.9 %), tobacco (20.1 %), menthol (12.2 %), candy/sweets (10.8 %), and mixed ice flavors (10.0 %). The top 5 brands were JUUL, Smok, Vuse, Geekvape, and Blu. Conclusions: In 2022, a majority of adults who smoked cigarettes or who had quit smoking used a variety of flavors and devices that go beyond the choices that FDA currently has authorized for sale.

Evaluating chronic disease approaches to ameliorate tobacco-related health disparities: Study protocol of a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial.

Background: Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities experience higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and related chronic conditions compared to White communities due to disparities in tobacco exposure. Smoking can be effectively treated but evidence-based treatments are less likely to be offered to or used by BIPOC patients. We present the study protocol of the Smoking Cessation Outreach for Racial Equity (SCORE) trial that tests the effect of adding longitudinal care coordination to current standard of care for smoking cessation to promote health equity among BIPOC patients. Methods: Longitudinal Proactive Outreach (LPO; 4 culturally tailored outreach call cycles over one year by motivational interviewing trained counselors to connect patients to cessation counseling and medication) will be added to the current standard of care, Ask-Advise-Connect (AAC; primary care providers asking all patients if they smoke, and if smoking, advising to quit and connecting to treatment). We will conduct a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial to examine the direct effect of AAC + LPO (a multilevel health system intervention) vs. AAC on population-level combustible tobacco abstinence at 18 months and treatment utilization among 2000 BIPOC adults who smoke across two healthcare systems in Minnesota. Participants will be surveyed at 6, 12, and, 18 months post-enrollment to assess outcomes. The primary outcome is biochemically confirmed combustible cigarette abstinence at 18 months. Discussion: LPO has potential to promote health equity by addressing barriers caused by structural racism, including access to care, care fragmentation, and provider racism, by systematically reaching out to all BIPOC patients who smoke. Clinicaltrialsgov: NCT05671380.

Smoking behavior and the risks of tumor recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Studies on the relationship of cigarette smoking with the risks of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are inconsistent and prospective data are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association of smoking behavior with risks of NMIBC recurrence and progression. We used data of the prospective multi-center cohort study UroLife, including 1495 patients with NMIBC who reported information on smoking at 6 weeks post-diagnosis (baseline; reflecting present and pre-diagnosis). This included smoking status (also based on reporting 3 months post-diagnosis), intensity, duration, pack years, and time since smoking cessation, if applicable. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression were computed using multivariable proportional hazards regression models. During a total median follow-up period of 4.6 years, 517 patients developed ≥1 recurrence and 163 had progression. Higher versus lowest categories of smoking intensities and pack years up to baseline were significantly associated with a higher risk of first recurrence. No significant linear associations were found, except for smoking intensity among BCG-treated patients (per 10 cigarettes/day increase: HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.48). No associations for smoking status, duration, and time since cessation were observed. Analyses of multiple recurrence risk showed comparable results. Regarding progression risk, no consistent associations were found. In conclusion, heavier smoking was associated with higher recurrence risk, particularly among BCG-treated patients. This may be attributable to persistent damage through its carcinogenic compounds. Given the mixed results across different exposures, the effect of smoking behavior on NMIBC prognosis remains unclear.

E-cigarettes and vaping, new spotlight on smoking as an old cardiovascular risk factor?

Smoking is one of the leading causes of chronic non-communicable diseases and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. While global tobacco consumption has decreased over the past two decades, the use of e­cigarettes and water pipes (shisha) has surged at an alarming rate, particularly among younger individuals. E­cigarettes do not offer a completely risk-free alternative to traditional cigarettes, as the vast array of flavors and ease of use contribute to a growing number of dependent users. Furthermore, they are not necessarily effective in overcoming nicotine addiction. This contribution provides an overview of the cardiovascular health impacts associated with shisha smoking and e­cigarette vaping, with a particular emphasis on the detrimental effects on endothelial function. The harmful biological effects of the toxic substances in these products, especially oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, are also discussed. Finally, the current state of recommendations, legal regulations, and commercial advertising are summarized.

Cerebral Cortical Vasodilation via Nicotinic Receptors by Heated Tobacco Product Aerosol Extract in Rats.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer due to a number of components of smoke. The use of novel heated tobacco products (HTPs), alternative to conventional combustion cigarettes, has increased in recent years. However, the in vivo biological effects of HTPs are poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the acute effects of injecting aerosol extract prepared from an HTP on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in rat cortex by comparing them to the effects of injecting smoke extract prepared from conventional combustible cigarettes. METHODS: In urethane anesthetized rats, rCBF was measured using laser speckle contrast imaging simultaneously with arterial pressure. RESULTS: Both cigarette smoke extract and HTP aerosol extract, at a dose equivalent to 30 µg nicotine/kg, injected intravenously, increased cortical rCBF without changing arterial pressure. The magnitude and time course of the increased rCBF response to both extracts were similar throughout the cortical area, and the rCBF increases were all abolished by dihydro-ß-erythroidine, an α4ß2-preferring nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the effect of injecting aerosol extract prepared from an HTP, an acute increase in cortical rCBF, is mediated via activation of α4ß2-like neuronal nAChRs in the brain.

Patterns of adaptation to stress cardiovascular responses in smokers during ad libitum smoking and withdrawal.

There is considerable evidence documenting associations between tobacco smoking, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of addiction, with diminished cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. However, less is known about how smokers respond to repeated stress across time. The current study examined patterns of cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent stress among 24-h abstinence smokers, smokers who continued to smoke at their normal rate, and non-smokers. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two groups; ad libitum (n = 42), or 24 h abstinence (n = 61); non-smokers (n = 43) provided comparative referencing. Across the two laboratory sessions, participants (n = 149) were asked to complete a modified version of the trier social stress test, while monitoring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate activity. Results showed that while non-smokers had elevated cardiovascular reactivity to begin with, they showed a greater capacity to habituate to recurrent stress across sessions. The data also suggest that smokers displayed lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress and showed little habituation to repeated stress. In adjusted models, smokers exhibited less systolic blood pressure habituation to stress. This response profile in smokers may be a potential mechanism that leads to further cardiotoxic effects on health.

A Health Economics Inquiry into Regulatory Constraints on the European Tobacco Market.

Despite the implementation of significant measures by European countries in recent years, smoking rates in Europe remain persistently high. The European Commission is currently undertaking a comprehensive review of its tobacco regulations. This article aims to address critical inquiries that arise during the amendment of the regulatory framework. We evaluate the effectiveness of existing tobacco control methods and observe a diminishing impact on promoting smoking cessation. Additionally, we explore how individuals of varying genders respond to the regulatory environment. We propose a comprehensive and evidence-based framework for implementing a taxation system in response to the proliferation of emerging products, including e-cigarettes and heated tobacco. This system is designed to align effectively with health policy objectives, providing a strategic approach to curbing tobacco use and promoting public health.

Role of C-Reactive Protein, An Inflammatory Biomarker in The Development of Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment.

This article deals with the role of c-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of atherosclerosis and its treatment. CRP has a predictive value in ischemic heart disease, restenosis, coronary artery disease, aortic atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular disease. This article deals with the synthesis and mechanism of CRP-induced atherosclerosis and its treatment. CRP increases the formation of numerous atherogenic biomolecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß and IL-6), cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, activated complement C 5 , monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and numerous growth factors [insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-ß]). ROS mildly oxidizes low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol to form minimally modified LDL which is further oxidized to form oxidized LDL. The above atherogenic biomolecules are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and has been described in detail in the text. This paper also deals with the treatment modalities for CRP-induced atherosclerosis which includes lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antioxidants, aspirin, antidiabetic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, regular physical activity, weight reduction, and stoppage of cigarette smoking. In conclusion, CRP induces atherosclerosis through increases in atherogenic biomolecules and the treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CRP-induced atherosclerosis.

An exploration of attitudes regarding the use of a state tobacco Quitline for smoking cessation among low-income adults with a history of smoking.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking rates among low-income smokers are significantly elevated. State tobacco quitlines offer free and evidence-based treatments for smokers living in that state. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs associated with engagement with the Illinois Tobacco Quitline among confirmed smoking patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Further goals were to obtain recommendations for strategies to improve patient awareness and engagement. METHODS: Data for this study were collected from August to October 2021 from patients receiving care in an FQHC in a large midwestern city in the USA. Clinic-based recruitment was used to enroll a sample of adult current smokers. In-depth interviews and brief surveys were completed with a volunteer sample of patients recruited from an FQHC. The interviews took approximately 60 minutes. Data analysis used descriptive statistics to summarize the responses to the study and deductive thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Study participants (n=25) were primarily male, African American, and middle-aged (mean age: 52.5 years). The majority were daily smokers. Over half had heard about the Quitline from sources such as radio advertisements, but usage was low. Barriers to use included low motivation to quit, questions about effectiveness, and poor success with prior Quitline attempts. Participants described factors that would increase the appeal of the Quitline, including testimonials, personalization, and an empathetic approach. Participants were asked about the acceptability of receiving information about the Quitline via patient portals, and most were in support. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions are needed to raise awareness and utilization of Quitlines among patients receiving care in FQHC settings. Distribution of Quitline information via patient portals is an acceptable strategy for increasing awareness of services.

Erratum: Self-reported smoking status and exhaled carbon monoxide in secondary preventive follow-up after coronary heart events: Do our patients tell the truth?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tpc/191843.].

Daily cigarette smoking among inpatients for substance use disorders in France, 2010-2020: Commonalities and specificities across substances.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with cigarette smoking among patients in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) in France. METHODS: We analyze a nation-wide dataset retrieving information on patients entering treatment for alcohol, opioid and stimulant use disorders between 2010 and 2020. We conduct multilevel Poisson regressions to determine the main factors associated with daily cigarette smoking among all patients who entered treatment for alcohol (n=607122), opioid (n=283381) or stimulant (n=57189) use disorders, and zero-truncated negative-binomial regressions to predict the average number of cigarettes per day. RESULTS: Daily cigarette smoking remains a widespread behavior among patients with SUD (overall prevalence: 72.2%, 95% CI: 72.1-72.3), with lower prevalence of daily cigarette smoking among patients treated for alcohol use disorders (69.9%, 95% CI: 69.8-70.0), and higher for patients treated for opioid (78.8%, 95% CI: 78.6-79.0) or stimulant use disorders (75.8%, 95% CI: 75.4-76.2). There was an overall increase in daily cigarette smoking over time (69.9%, 95% CI: 69.8-70.0 in 2010 vs 76.8%, 95% CI: 76.5-76.9 in 2020); however, the average number of cigarettes per day decreased (17.8 per day, 95% CI: 17.7-17.9 in 2010 vs 16.3 per day, 95% CI: 16.2-16.4 in 2020). The higher the education level, the fewer number of cigarettes per day; conversely, the higher the occupational status, the higher the number of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of smoking among patients treated for SUD in France departs from the decreasing trend observed in the general population and remains a source of concern. It is necessary to implement tailored prevention strategies that target specific patient subgroups and increase staff awareness.

Risk factors for positive cervical cytology during early pregnancy screening and awareness of positive cytological results in Japan: a report from the Pregnant Women Health Initiative.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer screening rates are low in Japan. Therefore, when a woman is pregnant, this is a good opportunity to visit an obstetrics and gynecology clinic to have cervical cytology. This study aimed to clarify the association between cervical cancer screening and the management of pregnant women's health. METHODS: We prospectively examined the relationships between cervical cytological results during prenatal checkups and the following factors: participant's background, cytological sampling instruments, and awareness of cytological results. RESULTS: Of the 2725 participants, 71 showed abnormal results defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grade (ASC-US+). ASC-US+ detection rates were higher in smokers, younger participants, those with a low education, those without cancer screening in the past 2 years, and those who received cytology using a spatula or brush. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified smoking (adjusted odds ratio: 2.99 [95% confidence interval: 1.41-6.33]) and a spatula/brush (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.09-5.53]) as independent variables associated with detecting ASC-US+. Among the participants, 39.4% (28/71) self-reported "no abnormalities," despite obtaining an ASC-US+ result. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-pregnancy smoking and cytological sampling tools may contribute to detecting ASC-US+. Patients with detected abnormalities need accurate information and reliable follow-up.

The role of nurses in smoking cessation interventions for patients: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a significant global public health concern, presenting substantial risks to individuals' health. Smoking cessation is essential for improving patients' well-being, and nurses play a critical role in assisting patients to quit smoking. However, there is a lack of research on nurses' specialized roles in smoking cessation interventions for patients. OBJECTIVE: To define the specific responsibilities of nurses in facilitating smoking cessation among patients, and provide guidance for future nursing interventions in smoking cessation. METHODS: The scoping review process was conducted for Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Based on the three-step search strategy of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), a comprehensive search was performed across ten databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, PsycINFO, CNKI, Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, covering studies from the inception of the databases to February 2024. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed using the JBI (participants, content, and context) principle. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies with nurse-led or involved smoking cessation interventions for patients were included. Data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers. The findings were reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS: In total, 53 studies were eligible for the final charting and synthesis. The analysis identified six key roles that nurses played in smoking cessation interventions: assessors, educators, practice facilitators, coordinating collaborators, organizers, and supervisors. Among these, the roles of assessors, educators, and practice facilitators were the most commonly reported. The motivation interview and 5A method were the predominant techniques employed for smoking cessation. Nurses primarily promoted smoking cessation through the distribution of pamphlets, face-to-face education, and the provision of smoking cessation guidance. The primary participants in these studies were patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses play an indispensable role in smoking cessation interventions, occupying multiple critical roles. However, this review identified a gap in the pre-intervention training of nurses, indicating a need for enhanced training programs to better prepare nurses for effective smoking cessation interventions.