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1.
Materials (Basel) ; 17(14)2024 Jul 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39063751

RESUMO

Fly ash microspheres, also called cenospheres, have many valuable properties that allow them to be widely used. Some of its most important properties are its mechanical and thermal strength as well as its chemical stability. These features constitute an important commercial parameter. Refining processes aim to select the highest quality product from raw materials that meets the expectations of recipients. Generally, preparing a final product involves selecting the appropriate sequence and parameters of the grain separation process. However, the key to the optimal selection of these parameters is knowledge of the specificity of the processed raw material. Microspheres are materials that are created spontaneously, uncontrolled, and without the possibility of intentionally influencing their properties. Therefore, due to the potential directions of microsphere use, it is justified to study the relationship between density, grain size, and mechanical strength. Understanding these relationships in microspheres from various sources is particularly important at the stage of planning refining processes. This paper presents the results of research on microspheres from two different sources. The tested raw materials (microspheres) are subjected to densiometric and grain analysis. Also, mechanical strength was determined for the separated density fractions and grain classes. The test results did not show significant correlations between the tested features of the microspheres. In the case of both raw materials, the highest density was observed in the smallest grain classes, and the highest mechanical strength was determined for microspheres with grain sizes in the range of 75-100 µm. For this grain size range, the value of mechanical strength is 26 for raw Material 1 and 38 for raw Material 2. The shares of this grain fraction in the microsphere stream are 11.2% and 16%, respectively. An important difference that may significantly affect the efficiency of the refining process is the method of distribution of the primary falling parts, which affects the mechanical strength of the tested raw materials.

2.
AIMS Microbiol ; 10(2): 255-272, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38919719

RESUMO

Fruit and vegetable industries face a major environmental challenge with food loss and waste. Broccoli stems, comprising 38% of the plant's total weight, are usually discarded by the industry producing fourth-range and ready-to-use products, despite being rich in antioxidants, vitamins, fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates. Addressing the challenge of reducing waste in this sector includes the production of stable and nutrient-concentrated powders, which can be consumed directly or used as ingredients in functional food formulation. This study investigated fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus salivarius) as a pretreatment for enhancing antioxidant and probiotic potential in broccoli stem powders. Results showed maximum counts 24 h after inoculation, and no effect of the previous disruption intensity on microbial growth was observed. Fermenting broccoli stems for 24 h with the three microbial strains led to a significant increase in total phenols and flavonoids but to a general reduction in the samples' capacity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Overall, ground broccoli stems exhibited the most favorable antioxidant properties following the 24 h fermentation step. The subsequent freeze-drying and final grinding had minimal impact on the microbial population but significantly enhanced the extractability of the antioxidant compounds. This study offers a valuable reference for researchers and stakeholders exploring the development of new products and innovations from vegetable waste.

3.
J Hazard Mater ; 472: 134497, 2024 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38739957

RESUMO

Black mass (BM) from spent alkaline Zn-MnO2 batteries was used for the first time as a Mn source in the preparation of Mn/TiO2 catalysts for low-temperature NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. To recover Mn species and eliminate alkali and Zn species, BM powder underwent DI-water washing, followed by carbothermal reduction. The resulting slags were further dissolved in HNO3, loaded onto TiO2 particles with ball milling, and then subjected to calcination. Nearly 100% of Zn species were removed from the BM via carbothermal reduction at 950 °C for 4 h with 5.0 wt% activated carbon. The resulting catalyst, derived from the treated BM, achieved similar NOx conversion (97%) as the catalyst prepared using a reagent-grade Mn chemical at 160 °C but a higher NOx-to-N2 conversion rate at 78%. The promoted N2 selectivity was attributed to a high Mn4+/Ti ratio and the presence of impurities from BM, such as Fe3+ ions, which enhanced oxidation ability of the catalyst. Conversely, insufficient removal of Zn or carbon additives in the slags led to a decreased Mn concentration, an increased proportion of Mn2+/Mn3+ species, increased surface OH groups, and reduced oxidation ability on the surface, thus reducing NOx conversion and N2 selectivity.

4.
Materials (Basel) ; 17(8)2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38673180

RESUMO

To address the growing global water demand, it is imperative to implement advanced treatment systems and sustainable alternatives for managing the large amount of waste generated during the water purification process, known as water treatment sludge (WTS). Worldwide, researchers and companies are exploring alternatives and methods for the valorization of WTS as a raw material in other processes. It is urgent that all productive sectors, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, adopt this management principle to ensure more sustainable production, contributing to the global goal of climate neutrality. Notably, in civil construction, incorporating WTS as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) shows great promise, considering that the industrial waste currently used for this purpose is increasingly restricted. The use of WTS as a raw material in the cement industry not only contributes to the reduction of the carbon footprint, but also reduces the high waste load still disposed of in landfills. The emerging applications for WTP sludge are reviewed, with emphasis on its valorization in the civil construction as an SCM. The main characteristics of this waste and their impacts on the environment are also addressed.

5.
Environ Res ; 252(Pt 1): 118694, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38521357

RESUMO

The contribution of smelting of nonferrous metals to heavy metals in surface soil have become increasingly important over the past decade. In this study, the distribution of heavy metals around an abandoned mercury-bearing waste recovery enterprise were investigated. Soil (14) and plant (18) samples were collected in the surrounding area. The total concentration of heavy metals and methyl mercury content were measured by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS. The results show that the average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in all soil samples are higher than the second-level values of Soil environmental quality-Risk control standard for soil contamination of development land (GB 36600-2018). Hg in the leaves ranged from 0.003 to 0.174 mg kg-1. Besides, the Pearson correlation analysis results indicate that Hg has a different environmental behavior compared to the other heavy metal under certain environmental or geographical conditions. But the mantel test statistical analysis results show that the Cr (P < 0.01), Cu, Pb, and Fe (P < 0.05) in the soil may have similar pollution sources with carbonate-bound mercury and iron-manganese oxide-bound mercury. The Hg concentrations show no correlation among plant leaves and soil, but significantly influenced by the distance and wind direction. These findings suggest that Hg in plant leaves may be derived from the deposition of atmospheric mercury from secondary mercury plant. The results will supplement those for relevant policy making for mercury-bearing waste recovery enterprises to improve urban environmental quality and human health.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , China , Metais Pesados/análise , Mercúrio/análise , Solo/química , Plantas/química , Poluição Ambiental/análise
6.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(6): 2998-3006, 2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287223

RESUMO

Acid mine drainage (AMD) from inactive coal mines can be enriched in rare earth elements (REEs) and has gained much attention as an alternative source for these technology-critical metals. However, AMD is a relatively low-grade REE resource in which the abundance of impurities and the composition variability of the feedstock create major uncertainties for the performance of REE extraction technologies. This study sought to identify AMD feedstock variables that influence the extraction efficiency of REEs by supported liquid membranes (SLMs). SLM separation is a process involving a hydrophobic membrane embedded with an extracting solvent that facilitates the selective extraction of REE ions. The major aims were to (1) assess the effectiveness of SLM-based REE separation from several AMD samples representing a spectrum of aqueous composition, (2) determine the effects of AMD storage and holding time on extraction performance, and (3) assess the impact of AMD pretreatment (e.g., filtration and pH adjustment) on REE recovery. The results showed that relative extraction fluxes of REE correlated with AMD characteristics such as pH and major ions such as Fe, Ca, and Mn. The purity of the acid strippant product, expressed as the REE dry weight content, depended on the initial REE concentrations in the AMD source rather than the flux of individual REEs across the membrane. For AMD samples stored for 3 months prior to extraction, REE recovery by SLM separations was substantially decreased if oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) was observed during sample storage. Pretreatment of AMD feedstocks by pH adjustment did not substantially improve the separation performance. Overall, this study establishes primary water quality parameters of AMD that influence the SLM separation flux and product purity. Such insights contribute to a mechanistic understanding of critical metals extractions by SLM for complex and nontraditional feedstocks such as AMD wastes.


Assuntos
Compostos Férricos , Metais Terras Raras , Mineração , Solventes , Íons
7.
Molecules ; 28(21)2023 Oct 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37959748

RESUMO

Extracts rich in bioactive compounds from natural sources have received great interest due to their great impact on human health. The aim of this research is focused on the obtaining and characterization of several extracts from Juglans regia L. leaves in four different maturity phases: young green leaves (YGL), green leaves (GL), mature green leaves (MGL), and yellow leaves (YL), using different solvents: ethanol (e), water (w), or water:ethanol (1:1 (v/v)-m) by employing several methods: magnetic stirring (MS), ultrasound-assisted (UA), as well as maceration (M). The obtained extracts were quantitatively evaluated through spectrophotometric methods: Total Polyphenol Content (TPC-Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC assay). Phytochemical screening by means of Fourier-Transform Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) indicated the presence of 40 compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes: phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavones, flavanones, flavonones, flavanols, vitamins, tereponoid, steroid, anthocyanidin, and other compounds. Based on TPC and TEAC assays, the water-ethanol mixture was found to be the proper extraction solvent, with the best results being obtained for YL plant material: 146.29 mg GAE/g DM (TPC) and 11.67 mM TE/g DM (TEAC). This type of extract may be used in various domains, such as the cosmetics industry, the biomedical field, and/or the design of functional foods, relying on their phytochemical composition.


Assuntos
Juglans , Humanos , Juglans/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Solventes/química , Etanol/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Água/análise
8.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 15(47): 54539-54549, 2023 Nov 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37964444

RESUMO

The extensive utilization of Si-anode-based lithium-ion batteries faces obstacles due to their substantial volume expansion, limited intrinsic conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this study, we present a straightforward, cost-effective, yet scalable method for producing a porous micro Si/Si-Ti alloy anode. This method utilizes titanium-blast furnace slag (TBFS) as a raw material and combines aluminothermic reduction with acid etching. By adjusting the Al:TBFS ratio, the specific surface area of the material can be facilely tailored, ranging from 25.89 to 43.23 m2 g-1, enhancing the ICE from 78.2 to 85.5%. The incorporation of the Si-Ti alloy skeleton and porous structure contributes to the enhanced cyclic stability (capacity retention from 50.7 to 96.9%) and conductivity (Rct from 107.7 to 76.6 Ω). The Si/Si-Ti anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including delivering a specific capacity of 1161 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after 200 cycles and 1112 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, with an improved ICE of 81.2%. This study introduces a successful methodology for designing novel Si anodes from recycling waste materials, providing valuable insights for future advancements in this area.

9.
Heliyon ; 9(11): e21916, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38027712

RESUMO

The article describes a process based on the hydrogen recovery of dust removal ash from lignite pyrolysis. The high volatile components in lignite will produce a large amount of H2 during the pyrolysis process, which can replace part of C to reduce zinc and iron oxides in dust removal ash, thereby achieving the goal of reducing carbon consumption. Two methods were used to study the different pyrolysis behaviors of lignite, and it was found that the peak of H2 release was reached at 700 °C. After 1000 °C, the pyrolysis of lignite basically ended, and the final pyrolysis gases were mainly H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and a small amount of CxHy. In addition, the proportion of H2 generated by the full pyrolysis of lignite at 1000 °C in H2-H2O is 84.4 %, and the proportion of CO in the CO-CO2 system is 74 %, which can meet the reduction of zinc and iron oxides in dust removal ash. Based on the principle of minimum free energy and laboratory experiments, zinc oxide is completely reduced to zinc vapor above 906 °C, while the Fe obtained from iron oxide reduction increases with the increase of H2/CO in the system above 810 °C, further confirming the feasibility of this process. The effects of temperature, lignite added amount and holding time on iron reduction and zinc volatilization during the reduction process of dust removal ash was investigated. The results indicate that due to the fast diffusion rate of H2, the reaction rate is greatly increased, which can quickly increase the metallization rate of dust removal ash to over 95 % and the dezincification rate also increases from 19.60 % to about 98.76 % with the increase of carbon content under low temperature (1000 °C) and low carbon content (10 wt %) conditions.

10.
Environ Monit Assess ; 195(11): 1283, 2023 Oct 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37814142

RESUMO

Residual waste is a key fraction of municipal solid waste generated, yet its management is poorly understood and has gained little attention over the past years. Using London as a case study, the present study analyses the amount of residual waste collected and managed to check on how well ahead the UK is in making progress on achieving the circular economy principles. The study found that 5 Mt of residual waste is reported to be managed in London, of which 3.5 Mt is managed via recovery operations and 1.59 Mt is managed via disposal operations. For the latter, landfills are the principal disposal option taking in 0.82 Mt of residual waste each year. Amongst the recovery options, incineration with energy recovery, is the most prevalent, accounting for the management of 1.44 Mt of residual waste. This highlights the presence of an important technological lock-in that could jeopardise UK's ability to achieve its net zero carbon ambition. It is worth noting that the data collated and analysed depicts the movements of residual waste rather than its final treatment, pointing to blind spots in the final fate of residual waste as well as potential double counting; both of which prevent decision- and policy-making. Therefore, the need for transparency in data recording and monitoring and the creation of a level playing field for all stakeholders involved in residual waste management are of paramount importance in gradually breaking reliance on destructive treatment processes. This could empower improved segregation of waste at source, and in turn, enable the better management of residual waste. The study underlines that residual waste has a significant role to play in making the transition to a circular economy and therefore is imperative to pave the way for future policy direction on residual waste management.


Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos , Gerenciamento de Resíduos , Londres , Monitoramento Ambiental , Inglaterra , Incineração , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Resíduos Sólidos/análise
11.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(18)2023 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37765892

RESUMO

Recycling aluminium is essential for a circular economy, reducing the energy required and greenhouse gas emissions compared to extraction from virgin ore. A 'Twitch' waste stream is a mix of shredded wrought and cast aluminium. Wrought must be separated before recycling to prevent contamination from the impurities present in the cast. In this paper, we demonstrate magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) to classify wrought from cast aluminium. MIS measures the scattering of an oscillating magnetic field to characterise a material. The conductivity difference between cast and wrought makes it a promising choice for MIS. We first show how wrought can be classified on a laboratory system with 89.66% recovery and 94.96% purity. We then implement the first industrial MIS material recovery solution for sorting Twitch, combining our sensors with a commercial-scale separator system. The industrial system did not reflect the laboratory results. The analysis found three areas of reduced performance: (1) metal pieces correctly classified by one sensor were misclassified by adjacent sensors that only captured part of the metal; (2) the metal surface facing the sensor can produce different classification results; and (3) the choice of machine learning algorithm is significant with artificial neural networks producing the best results on unseen data.

12.
Chemosphere ; 342: 140137, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37730021

RESUMO

Pyrolysis of biomass feedstocks can produce valuable biofuel, however, the final products may present excessive corrosion and poor stability due to the lack of hydrogen content. Co-pyrolysis with hydrogen-rich substances such as waste plastics may compensate for these shortcomings. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of a common biomass, i.e. distiller's grains (DG), and waste polypropylene plastic (PP) were investigated towards increasing the quantity and quality of the production of biofuel. Results from the thermogravimetric analyses showed that the reaction interval of individual pyrolysis of DG and PP was 124-471 °C and 260-461 °C, respectively. Conversely, an interaction effect between DG and PP was observed during co-pyrolysis, resulting in a slower rate of weight loss, a longer temperature range for the pyrolysis reaction, and an increase in the temperature difference between the evolution of products. Likewise, the Coats-Redfern model showed that the activation energies of DG, PP and an equal mixture of both were 42.90, 130.27 and 47.74 kJ mol-1, respectively. It thus follows that co-pyrolysis of DG and PP can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction system and promote the degree of pyrolysis. Synergistic effects essentially promoted the free radical reaction of the PP during co-pyrolysis, thereby reducing the activation energy of the process. Moreover, due to this synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of DG and PP, the ratio of elements was effectively optimized, especially the content of oxygen-containing species was reduced, and the hydrocarbon content of products was increased. These results will not only advance our understanding of the characteristics of co-pyrolysis of DG and PP, but will also support further research toward improving an efficient co-pyrolysis reactor system and the pyrolysis process itself.

13.
Chemosphere ; 338: 139473, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37451637

RESUMO

In recent years, the coal gasification industry has rapidly developed, becoming one of the most promising technologies in the advanced and clean coal chemical industry. As a result, the annual emission of coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) has continuously increased. The present situation of CGFS is regarded as a notorious waste in gasification plants and is rudely landfilled or deposited in slag yards, which leads to a large waste of land resources, the release of dangerous elements, and numerous pollution problems. Although CGFS is classified as industrial solid waste, its unique physical and chemical properties make it a valuable resource that cannot be overlooked. This paper focuses on the resource utilization technology and environmental impact of CGFS. The resource utilization of different components of CGFS has realized the evolution from waste to valuable substances. Moreover, during the disposal and utilization of CGFS, its environmental effects cannot be ignored. The main problems and future research directions are also further proposed. Efforts should be focused on the challenges of the technology, cost, and environmental protection in the application process to achieve industrial application, and ultimately committed to sustainable and green development goals, and promote the sustainable management and conservation of resources.


Assuntos
Carvão Mineral , Metais Pesados , Carvão Mineral/análise , Resíduos Industriais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Clima
14.
Microorganisms ; 11(6)2023 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37374910

RESUMO

With the expansion of the green products market and the worldwide policies and strategies directed toward a green revolution and ecological transition, the demand for innovative approaches is always on the rise. Among the sustainable agricultural approaches, microbial-based products are emerging over time as effective and feasible alternatives to agrochemicals. However, the production, formulation, and commercialization of some products can be challenging. Among the main challenges are the industrial production processes that ensure the quality of the product and its cost on the market. In the context of a circular economy, solid-state fermentation (SSF) might represent a smart approach to obtaining valuable products from waste and by-products. SSF enables the growth of various microorganisms on solid surfaces in the absence or near absence of free-flowing water. It is a valuable and practical method and is used in the food, pharmaceutical, energy, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, the application of this technology in the production of formulations useful in agriculture is still limited. This review summarizes the literature dealing with SSF agricultural applications and the future perspective of its use in sustainable agriculture. The survey showed good potential for SSF to produce biostimulants and biopesticides useful in agriculture.

15.
J Environ Manage ; 341: 118021, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37141719

RESUMO

Chicken meat has achieved significant index rates worldwide, with Brazil leading production and exports. The agribusiness significance has led to strengthening attention to the environmental burdens produced by the poultry industry. This research considered reducing the environmental impacts in the life cycle of Brazilian chicken meat regarding strategies for recycling waste from the production process. An attributional cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment was performed, with the functional unit of 1 kg of slaughtered and unpacked chicken meat. The two suggested scenarios used: i) chicken bedding for biogas production and ii) chicken carcass waste as meat meals in feed production. Handling poultry litter for biogas production avoided methane and ammonia emissions, reducing over 50% of the environmental indicators of Climate Change, Terrestrial Acidification, and Freshwater Eutrophication. Reuse poultry waste to produce meat meals reduced from 12% to 55% in all impact categories, decreasing emissions from carcasses destined for decomposition in landfills and using less raw materials from bovine sources. Investigating the environmental performance of the chicken meat production chain encouraged the circularity of natural resources and waste recovery strategies in the system boundary, thus helping to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 12, and 13 of the UN Agenda 2030.


Assuntos
Matadouros , Aves Domésticas , Gerenciamento de Resíduos , Animais , Bovinos , Biocombustíveis , Brasil , Galinhas , Meio Ambiente , Carne
16.
Foods ; 12(5)2023 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36900511

RESUMO

The industrial processing of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) generates high amounts of waste, as ~60% of the fruit is formed by an inedible pericarp. However, its pericarp has been explored as a source of xanthones; nevertheless, studies addressing the recovery of other chemical compounds from such biomass are still scarce. Hence, this study intended to elucidate the chemical composition of the mangosteen pericarp, including fat-soluble (tocopherols and fatty acids) and water-soluble (organic acids and phenolic compound non-xanthones) compounds present in the following extracts: hydroethanolic (MT80), ethanolic (MTE), and aqueous (MTW). In addition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antibacterial potentials of the extracts were assessed. The mangosteen pericarp showed a composition with seven organic acids, three tocopherol isomers, four fatty acids and fifteen phenolic compounds. Regarding the extraction of phenolics, the MT80 was the most efficient (54 mg/g extract), followed by MTE (19.79 mg/g extract) and MTW (4.011 mg/g extract). All extracts showed antioxidant and antibacterial activities; however, MT80 and MTE extracts were more efficient than MTW. Only MTW did not show anti-inflammatory properties, whereas MTE and MT80 showed inhibitory activities towards tumor cell lines. Notwithstanding, MTE showed cytotoxicity towards normal cells. Our findings support the idea that the ripe mangosteen pericarp is a source of bioactive compounds, although their recovery is dependent on the extraction solvent.

17.
Environ Res ; 227: 115742, 2023 06 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36966990

RESUMO

Mango stone is an interesting biomass by-product with a considerable net calorific value. Mango production has significantly risen in the last few years, meaning that mango waste has increased as well. However, mango stone has a moisture content of about 60% (wet basis) and it is very important to dry the samples for using them in electrical and thermal energy production. In this paper, the main parameters involved in the mass transfer during drying are determined. Drying was carried out in a convective dryer through a set of experiments based on five drying air temperatures (100 °C, 125 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) and three air velocities (1 m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s). Drying times ranged between 2 and 23 h. The drying rate was calculated from the Gaussian model whose values ranged from 1.5·10-6 to 6.3·10-4 s-1. Effective diffusivity was obtained as an overall parameter in the mass diffusion for each test. These values were found between 0.71·10-9 and 13.6·10-9 m2/s. The activation energy was calculated from the Arrhenius law for each test, made at different air velocities. These values were 36.7, 32.2 and 32.1 kJ/mol for 1, 2 and 3 m/s, respectively. This study provides information for future works on design, optimization and numerical simulation models in convective dryers for standard mango stone pieces according to industrial drying conditions.


Assuntos
Mangifera , Biomassa , Dessecação , Difusão , Temperatura
18.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf ; 22(3): 1953-1985, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36992649

RESUMO

The demand for high-quality alternative food proteins has increased over the last few decades due to nutritional and environmental concerns, leading to the growing consumption of legumes such as common bean, chickpea, lentil, lupin, and pea. However, this has also increased the quantity of non-utilized byproducts (such as seed coats, pods, broken seeds, and wastewaters) that could be exploited as sources of ingredients and bioactive compounds in a circular economy. This review focuses on the incorporation of legume byproducts into foods when they are formulated as flours, protein/fiber or solid/liquid fractions, or biological extracts and uses an analytical approach to identify their nutritional, health-promoting, and techno-functional properties. Correlation-based network analysis of nutritional, technological, and sensory characteristics was used to explore the potential of legume byproducts in food products in a systematic manner. Flour is the most widely used legume-based food ingredient and is present at levels of 2%-30% in bakery products, but purified fractions and extracts should be investigated in more detail. Health beverages and vegan dressings with an extended shelf-life are promising applications thanks to the techno-functional features of legume byproducts (e.g., foaming and emulsifying behaviors) and the presence of polyphenols. A deeper exploration of eco-friendly processing techniques (e.g., fermentation and ohmic treatment) is necessary to improve the techno-functional properties of ingredients and the sensory characteristics of foods in a sustainable manner. The processing of legume byproducts combined with improved legume genetic resources could enhance the nutritional, functional, and technological properties of ingredients to ensure that legume-based foods achieve wider industrial and consumer acceptance.


Assuntos
Fabaceae , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Verduras , Sementes , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Farinha/análise
19.
Front Nutr ; 10: 1150768, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36814507
20.
Polymers (Basel) ; 15(3)2023 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36772051

RESUMO

One of the polymeric materials used in the most common 3D printers is poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG). It represents, in world terms, around 2.3% of polymeric raw material used in additive manufacturing. However, after processing this material, its properties change irreversibly. A significant amount of waste is produced around the world, and its disposal is usually destined for landfill or incineration, which can generate an important issue due to the high environmental risks. Polymer waste from 3D printing, hereinafter 3DPPW, has a relatively high calorific value and adequate characteristics to be valued in thermochemical processes. Gasification emerges as an innovative and alternative solution for recovering energy from 3DPPW, mixed with residues of lignocellulosic origin, and presents some environmental advantages compared to other types of thermochemical treatments, since the gasification process releases smaller amounts of NOx into the atmosphere, SOx, and CO2. In the case of the study, co-gasification of olive pomace (OLB) was carried out with small additions of 3DPPW (10% and 20%) at different temperatures. Comparing the different gasifications (100% OLB, 90% OLB + 10% 3DPPW, 80% OLB + 20% 3DPPW), the best results for the synthesis gas were obtained for the mixture of 10% 3DPPW and 90% olive pomace (OLB), having a lower calorific value of 6.16 MJ/m3, synthesis gas yield of 3.19%, and cold gas efficiency of 87.85% for a gasification temperature of 750 °C. In addition, the results demonstrate that the addition of 3DPPW improved the quality of syngas, especially between temperatures of 750 and 850 °C. Including polymeric 3D printing materials in the context of the circular economy and extending their life cycle helps to improve the efficiency of subsequent industrial processes, reducing process costs in general, thanks to the new industrial value acquired by the generated by-products.

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