Literacia em saúde da pessoa internada em serviço de cirurgia oncológica / Health literacy of patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit / Alfabetización en salud de las personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica

Resumo Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde (LS) é a capacidade da pessoa obter e traduzir informações a fim de manter e melhorar a saúde. Objetivo: Caracterizar o nível de LS da pessoa internada num hospital oncológico; avaliar a fiabilidade do instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e metodológico. Amostra de 188 pessoas internados num serviço de cirurgia oncológica entre maio e setembro de 2020, os dados foram colhidos através de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e instrumento de avaliação da LS. Resultados: O HLS-EU-PT apresentou elevado nível de consistência interna. Todos os domínios e níveis de processamento do instrumento se correlacionam positivamente entre si. Os participantes apresentam em média um nível problemático de LS. Conclusão: Os resultados indiciam a necessidade de um maior investimento na capacitação da LS. São necessários mais estudos nesta e noutras populações e contextos de prestação de cuidados de saúde, de forma a direcionar a prática de cuidados na resposta eficaz aos problemas de saúde.

Abstract Background: Health literacy (HL) is the ability of an individual to obtain and translate information in order to maintain and improve their health. Objective: To characterize the level of HL of patients admitted to an oncology hospital and assess the reliability of the Portuguese version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT). Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and methodological study. Sample of 188 patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit between May and September 2020. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and health characterization form and a HL assessment tool. Results: The HLS-EU-PT had a high level of internal consistency. All domains and information-processing levels correlated positively with each other. Participants had on average a problematic level of HL. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for greater investment in HL training. Further studies are needed in this population and in other populations and healthcare settings to provide an effective response to health problems.

Resumen Marco contextual: La alfabetización en salud (AS) es la capacidad de una persona para obtener y traducir información con el fin de mantener y mejorar su salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de AS de las personas ingresadas en un hospital oncológico; evaluar la fiabilidad del instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodología: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y metodológico. Muestra de 188 personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, se recogieron datos mediante un formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de salud, y una herramienta de evaluación de AS. Resultados: El HLS-EU-PT mostró un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Todos los dominios y niveles de procesamiento del instrumento correlacionaron positivamente entre sí. Por término medio, los participantes tienen un nivel problemático de AS. Conclusión: Los resultados indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en formación en AS. Son necesarios más estudios en esta y otras poblaciones, y en entornos sanitarios para orientar la práctica asistencial hacia una respuesta eficaz a los problemas de salud.

Actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería latinoamericanos: una revisión integrativa

Introducción: La muerte es parte de los tabúes sociales existentes y puede fomentar actitudes que distan de su abordaje explícito en relación con los cuidados. Objetivo: Analizar las actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería de acuerdo con las publicaciones científicas en el contexto latinoamericano en el período 2018 a 2022. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura integrativa de las publicaciones científicas latinoamericanas respecto de las actitudes ante la muerte en el contexto de la enfermería, empleando los siguientes términos estandarizados: actitud, muerte, enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Se incluyeron 8 artículos publicados en el período definido, en idioma español y portugués, en los que se abordó explícitamente la temática de la revisión. La información de los artículos fue analizada tomando como referencia los conceptos de la teoría de las transiciones. Resultados: Se encontraron diseños tanto cuantitativos (50 %) como cualitativos (50 %), elaborados en su totalidad en el ámbito hospitalario. Los principales resultados dan cuenta del predominio de la indiferencia ante la muerte en el contexto de los cuidados. En relación con la teoría de las transiciones, la mayoría de los artículos abordan las condiciones en que estas se dan, además de los conceptos de terapéutica de enfermería y patrones de respuesta. Conclusiones: La producción de investigaciones sobre la actitud ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería es escasa en Latinoamérica. Las experiencias de pérdidas cercanas, la capacitación y el soporte institucional son la base para contribuir a una mejor actitud hacia la muerte

Introdução: A morte faz parte dos tabus sociais existentes e pode fomentar atitudes que se distanciam de sua abordagem explícita em relação aos cuidados. Objetivo: analisar as atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem de acordo com as publicações científicas no contexto latino-americano no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa de publicações científicas latino-americanas sobre atitudes diante da morte no contexto da enfermagem, utilizando os seguintes termos padronizados: atitude, morte, enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Foram incluídos 8 artigos publicados no período definido, em espanhol e português, nos quais o tema da revisão foi abordado explicitamente. As informações dos artigos foram analisadas tendo como referência os conceitos da teoria das transições. Resultados: Foram identificados desenhos quantitativos (50 %) e qualitativos (50 %), elaborados totalmente no âmbito hospitalar. Os principais resultados mostram a predominância da indiferença diante da morte no contexto do cuidado. Em relação à teoria das transições, a maioria dos artigos aborda as condições em que as transições ocorrem, além dos conceitos de terapêutica de enfermagem e padrões de resposta. Conclusões: A produção de pesquisas sobre atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem é escassa na América Latina. As experiências de perdas próximas, a capacitação e o apoio institucional são a base para contribuir para uma melhor atitude em relação à morte

Introduction: Death is part of the existing social taboos and can foster attitudes that are far from its explicit approach in relation to care. Objective: To analyze attitudes towards death in nursing professionals according to scientific publications in the Latin American context in the period 2018 to 2022. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted of Latin American scientific publications regarding attitudes towards death in the context of Nursing, using the following standardized terms: attitude, death, nursing and nursing care. Eight articles published in the defined period were included, in Spanish and Portuguese, in which the subject of the review was explicitly addressed. The information in the articles was analyzed using the concepts of the theory of transitions as a reference. Results: Both quantitative (50 %) and qualitative (50 %) designs were found, all of them elaborated in the hospital setting. The main results show the predominance of indifference to death in the context of care. In relation to the theory of transitions, most of the articles address the conditions under which these occur, in addition to the concepts of nursing therapeutics and response patterns. Conclusions: The production of research on the attitude towards death in nursing professionals is scarce in Latin America. Experiences of close losses, training and institutional support are the basis for contributing to a better attitude towards death

Efficacy of vaccination during pregnancy in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. Puglia (Italy), 2021-23.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. The study, conducted at the "Policlinico" University Hospital of Bari, included 3346 newborns and their mothers. The study explored the degree of protection offered by maternal vaccination depending on the timing, type, and trimester of vaccination, also taking into account the mother's history of infection. We compared the incidence rate of infection between children of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers; the values were 10.2% and 18.1%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The overall effectiveness of the vaccine against the infection was 45%. Further analysis revealed increasing efficacy as the doses of vaccine administered to the mother increased and in case of a previous history of maternal infection. Dual immune stimulation (vaccination and natural infection) was 83% effective in preventing infection among newborns. The multivariable models confirmed the protective effect of vaccination with all types of vaccines used. The analysis of infection's incidence in newborns revealed an interesting temporal trend, with increasing incidence with time, suggesting a possible correlation with the persistence of maternal antibodies or with the gradual weaning. The results on the protective capacity of vaccines are in line with the global literature. Strengths of study include sample size, robust methodology, and multivariate analyses. Institutions could intensify awareness campaigns to encourage both pregnant women and all those who would like to become pregnant to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers of oncology nurses in promoting physical activity in cancer survivors: a cross-sectional survey in China.

PURPOSE: To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Chinese nurses in promoting physical activity among cancer survivors and the relationships between these attributes and to identify the factors hindering nurses' clinical practice. METHODS: Nurses from oncology-related departments of 10 public tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province completed self-administered questionnaires that included information about demographics; knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physical activity promotion; and barriers to clinical practice. The STROBE statement for observational studies was applied. RESULTS: A total of 502 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average standardized scores of knowledges, attitudes, and practice were 75.33%, 82.36%, and 62.60%, respectively. Oncology specialist nurses and nurses who had received relevant training had higher levels of knowledge, nurses from general hospitals reported higher levels of practice, and nurses who had learned the relevant guidelines were better in terms of knowledge, attitude, and level of practice. Attitude had a statistically significant mediating effect between knowledge and practice. Lack of time, lack of multidisciplinary clinical teams, and lack of clear guidelines were the most frequently reported barriers to practice. CONCLUSION: In China, nurses have a moderate level of knowledge and practice in promoting physical activity among cancer survivors, but a positive attitude. Numerous barrier factors present challenges in nurses' clinical practice. Attitude plays a partial mediating role between knowledge and practice.

Pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward physical exercise during pregnancy and its associated factors at Dessie town health institutions, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise consists of planned, repetitive, and intentional movements that reduce the risk of pregnancy-related complications. Worldwide, there is a high rate of physical inactivity during pregnancy, including in Ethiopia, which has detrimental effects on both pregnant women and their developing fetus. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward physical exercise during pregnancy and its associated factors among antenatal care attendants at health institutions in Dessie, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, in 2023. STUDY DESIGN: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 614 pregnant women receiving antenatal care between January 18, 2023, and February 25, 2023. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, face-to-face interviewer-administered, and semistructured questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into EpiData (version 4.6; www.epidata.dk) and analyzed using SPSS (version 25; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice toward physical exercise during pregnancy. Variables with a P value of <.2 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to the multivariate analysis. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval with a P value of <.05 in the multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study found that 56.3% of participants had good knowledge, 51.5% of participants had a favorable attitude, and 32.2% of participants practiced physical exercise during pregnancy. Age, educational level, and heard about physical exercise during pregnancy were positively associated with pregnant women's knowledge and attitude. In addition, age, antenatal care follow-up, no history of abortion, ever done physical exercise before becoming pregnant, and good knowledge were positively associated with pregnant women's practice of physical exercise during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that approximately half of the participants had good knowledge and a favorable attitude. However, almost one-third of the participants practiced physical exercise during their pregnancy. It is recommended that antenatal care providers advise pregnant women to strengthen their antenatal care follow-up and offer health education and counseling about the benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy.

Disordered eating attitude and associated factors among late adolescent girls in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Disordered eating attitudes are characterized by abnormal beliefs, thoughts, and feelings regarding food and weight control. Dieting, intentional weight loss, and weight control affect 41-62% of girls worldwide. However, there is limited information related to disordered eating attitudes and associated factors among late adolescent girls in Ethiopia, including in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to assess disordered eating attitudes and associated factors among late adolescent girls in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: For this community-based cross-sectional study, which was conducted from 26 June to 26 July 2022, in Gondar city, Ethiopia, 1,188 adolescent girls were included. Multistage stratified sampling followed by a systematic random sampling technique was applied to recruit participants for the study. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire containing the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Anthropometric measurements were also taken. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify factors associated with disordered eating attitudes. In the final model, variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,158 late adolescent girls (a response rate of 97.5%) participated in the study. The prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among late adolescent girls was 9.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.96, 11.4%]. Having a mother who was unable to read and write [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.88 (95% CI: 1.07, 14.11)], having a mother who could read and write [AOR: 4.31: (95% CI: 1.14, 16.24)], having a father who only attended primary school [AOR: 3.78 (95% CI: 1.33, 10.78)], having severe anxiety [AOR: 3.26 (95% CI: 1.42, 7.49)], and severe usage of social media [AOR: 2.80 (95% CI: 1.22, 6.46)] were factors significantly associated with disordered eating attitudes among late adolescent girls. Conclusion: This study revealed that disordered eating attitudes among late adolescent girls were relatively high. The educational status of parents, anxiety, and severe usage of social media were positively associated with disordered eating attitudes. Therefore, nutritional education for parents of adolescents who are vulnerable to unhealthy behavior is imperative. The finding also implied the importance of an inclusive strategy to mitigate the emerging problem of targeting vulnerable groups.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding malnutrition amongst patients with chronic kidney disease in China: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be complicated by malnutrition, which has adverse implications on patients' health outcomes and quality of life. CKD patients from different sociocultural contexts may have varying perceptions of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of malnutrition. However, information on the perception of malnutrition in patients with CKD is limited. This study aimed to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with CKD disease regarding malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative-descriptive design was used. Thirteen participants were selected through a purposive sampling technique among malnourished CKD patients from a hospital in Xi'an Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between November 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face semistructured interviews until data saturation. All participants were informed about the study. Data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: Three main categories and seven subcategories were extracted from the data analysis: 1) knowledge (basic knowledge acquisition and understanding, knowledge misconceptions, and confusion, nutrition knowledge, and culture collision); 2) attitude (negative attitudes and adverse situations, positive attitude and self-awareness); 3) practice (disadvantageous and passive practice, favorable practice). CONCLUSION: This study provided insight into the knowledge, attitude, and practice of malnutrition in patients with CKD. Our findings can serve as important baseline data for the development of future interventions that can help reduce the risk of malnutrition, slow disease progression, and improve the quality of life in patients with CKD.

Investigating knowledge, attitude, and self-care behavior concerning Aedes mosquito bites and the knowledge of dengue fever among Hormozgan residents in the south of Iran.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the identification of the Aedes mosquito as a vector of dengue fever (DF) in Hormozgan province, this southern province was recognized nationwide at a great risk of DF. The present study was conducted on the Aedes mosquito prevention and DF knowledge in this province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire for 1 month in 2022. The sampling method was snowball. A total number of 4,004 questionnaires were completed online by the residents of Hormozgan province. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) version 22. RESULTS: The level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior concerning the self-care behavior of Aedes mosquito bites was as follows. Most participants were knowledgeable and correctly answered the questions related to the preventive ways of Aedes mosquito bites. The average rate of correct answers was 94.5%. They also mostly held a positive attitude. Regarding the attitude items, most participants (more than 85%) strongly agreed and agreed with the statements. Regarding the behavioral items, most participants (70.4%) stated they showed the aforementioned preventive behaviors to impede Aedes mosquito bites. As for the state of participants' knowledge of how the DF is transmitted, overall, in the nine examined items, on average, 40.6% answered "I do not know" and "false". CONCLUSION: As the education level of the participants showed, they did not know adequately about the DF. Judging the state of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the less privileged and less educated social classes in Hormozgan province requires further investigation of the public living in this province after some time passes since the implementation of educational and preventive interventions. It is also necessary to enrich population-based educational interventions aiming to improve knowledge and preventive behaviors of the DF and Aedes mosquito.

Evaluation of Guilan University of Medical Sciences medical interns' attitudes regarding breaking bad news to patients based on the SPIKES model, 2020 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Bad news may be defined as "any information which adversely and seriously affects an individual's view of his or her future." It seems necessary for physicians to use a specific method to break the bad news to patients properly. Due to the importance of this skill and its effects on patient's hope and motivation to continue his treatment process, in this study, we evaluate the interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences' attitude to breaking bad news (BBN) to the patients based on strategy for BBN, perception of condition or seriousness, invitation from the patient to give information, knowledge: giving medical facts, explore emotions, and sympathize (SPIKES) model in 2020-2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study in Iran, 153 Guilan University of Medical Sciences interns were selected as a census sample in 2020-2022. A self-administered questionnaire collected the information with standard tests confirming its reliability and validity. The collected data were described and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16. The Chi-square test was used to measure the statistical relationship between the demographic variables and the entire questionnaire. Also, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to measure the relationship between the average age and the scores obtained from the four main areas and the entire questionnaire. A statistical level of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 43.1% of the interns were men, and 56.9% were women. The mean attendance age was 26.12 ± 1.32, the minimum age was 23, and the maximum was 33. Only 8.5% of the interns in this study had been taught about BBN, and most participants announced that they feel pressure and anxiety when BBN to patients. The attitude of interns in this study was not satisfying in all four parts of the study: individual preference (54.2% of participants showed poor attitude), preparing environmental conditions for BBN (60.8% of participants showed poor attitude), how to break bad news (52.3% of participants showed poor attitude), and the things that are done after BBN (52.9% of participants showed poor attitude). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the attitude of the interns who had participated in this study was not satisfactory. Due to the importance of this communication skill to reduce physician anxiety and best control patients' reactions, managing courses in the undergraduate curriculum seems necessary.

Efficacy of virtual reality and augmented reality in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anatomy is the cornerstone of medical education. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming increasingly popular in the development of anatomy education. Various studies have evaluated VR and AR in anatomy education. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR in anatomical education. The protocol was registered in Prospero. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. From the 4487 articles gathered, 24 randomized controlled trials were finally selected according to inclusion criteria. According to the results of the meta-analysis, VR had a moderate and significant effect on the improvement of knowledge scores in comparison with other methods (standardized mean difference = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.95; p < 0.01). Due to the high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 87.44%), subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed on eight variables. In enhancing the "attitude," VR was found to be more "useful" than other methods (p = 0.01); however, no significant difference was found for "enjoyable" and "easy to use" statements. Compared with other methods, the effect of AR on knowledge scores was non-significant (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.39, 0.34; p = 0.90); also, in subgroup analyses and meta-regression, the results were non-significant. The results indicate that, unlike AR, VR could be used as an effective tool for teaching anatomy in medical education. Given the observed heterogeneity across the included studies, further research is warranted to identify those variables that may impact the efficacy of VR and AR in anatomy education.

Undergraduate Nursing Students' Attitude and Perception Toward High-Fidelity Simulation-Based Education in a Middle Eastern Country.

Introduction: Rapid use of technologically driven simulation environment in teaching-learning has caused mixed feelings among students. High-fidelity simulation-based education is superior in cultivating the knowledge, skills, caring, learning interest, and collaboration among nursing students. However, the nursing students' attitudes and perceptions toward high-fidelity simulation-based education are unexplored. Objectives: The present study aims to explore the attitude and perception of undergraduate nursing students toward high-fidelity simulation-based education. Methods: Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. We used self-administered Education Practices Questionnaire (student version) and Attitude Scale toward Simulation-Based Education to collect the data. A total of 109 nursing students were recruited. Results: Nursing student's attitude shows (mean = 68.26); perception on educational practices of high-fidelity simulation-based education demonstrates (M = 39.33 ± 7.87) and the importance of high-fidelity simulation-based education shows (M = 37.73 ± 7.45). However, no significant difference observed between the male and female student's attitude (t = -0.286 [0.78]) and perception (t [107] = 0.960 [0.34]). Similarly, no significant difference was observed among the different levels of students p > .005 on perception and attitude toward high-fidelity simulation-based education. Conclusion: The study proposed to have high-fidelity simulation-based education as an integral part of teaching in clinical training of students at all levels of nursing program.

Perceived Acceptability of Technology Modalities for the Provision of Universal Child and Family Health Nursing Support in the First 6-8 Months After Birth: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Child and Family Health Nursing (CFHN) services provide universal care to families during the first 2000 days (conception: 5 years) to support optimal health and developmental outcomes of children in New South Wales, Australia. The use of technology represents a promising means to encourage family engagement with CFHN services and enable universal access to evidenced-based age and stage information. Currently, there is little evidence exploring the acceptability of various models of technology-based support provided during the first 2000 days, as well as the maternal characteristics that may influence this. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe (1) the acceptability of technology-based models of CFHN support to families in the first 6 months, and (2) the association between the acceptability of technology-based support and maternal characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken between September and November 2021 with women who were 6-8 months post partum within the Hunter New England Local Health District of New South Wales, Australia. Survey questions collected information on maternal demographics and pregnancy characteristics, perceived stress, access to CFHN services, as well as preferences and acceptability of technology-based support. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the sample, the proportion of women accessing CFHN services, maternal acceptability of technology-based support from CFHN services, and the appropriateness of timing of support. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between maternal characteristics and the acceptability of technology-based CFHN support. RESULTS: A total of 365 women participated in the study, most were 25 to 34 years old (n=242, 68%), had completed tertiary level education or higher (n=250, 71%), and were employed or on maternity leave (n=280, 78%). Almost all (n=305, 89%) women reported accessing CFHN services in the first 6 months following their child's birth. The majority of women (n=282-315, 82%-92%) "strongly agreed or agreed" that receiving information from CFHN via technology would be acceptable, and most (n=308) women "strongly agreed or agreed" with being provided information on a variety of relevant health topics. Acceptability of receiving information via websites was significantly associated with maternal employment status (P=.01). The acceptability of receiving support via telephone and email was significantly associated with maternal education level (adjusted odds ratio 2.64, 95% CI 1.07-6.51; P=.03 and adjusted odds ratio 2.90, 95% CI 1.20-7.00; P=.02, respectively). Maternal age was also associated with the acceptability of email support (P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: Technology-based CFHN support is generally acceptable to mothers. Maternal characteristics, including employment status, education level, and age, were found to modify the acceptability of specific technology modalities. The findings of this research should be considered when designing technology-based solutions to providing universal age and stage child health and developmental support for families during the first 2000 days.

Attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS through the EAPVVS-E: A descriptive analysis in nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment, stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS continues to exist. Nursing students, as future key players in health care, must advocate for the elimination of stigma through education, empathy and the creation of a supportive environment. This holistic approach is crucial to improving their quality of life and moving towards the eradication of HIV/AIDS. AIM: To identify nursing students' attitudes towards people living with HIV or AIDS and their relationship with sociodemographic and academic-cultural variables of the participants. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed. SETTINGS: The research was carried out in the Nursing Degree of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Ceuta Campus of the University of Granada. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 284 students of the degree in Nursing. METHODS: Data were collected voluntarily and on an anonymous basis, using the "Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Scale in Nursing Students". Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Factors 1 (Professional Practice), 2 (Social Integration) and 3 (Partner and Family) exhibited mean scores considered to be favourable attitudes (>4 points). In contrast, Factor 4, called Benevolent Stigma, had a mean score of 3.68 ± 0.97. Religious beliefs, academic year, sexual orientation, academic practices and age are considered influential variables in the different factors. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students present attitudes with favourable scores. However, these results highlight the importance of influencing the different factors, especially in the second year of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing in our sample. Thus, an educational intervention in this area would be necessary to reinforce the values of humanised care.

Knowledge and Attitude of General Dentists, Senior Dental Students, and Orthodontic Residents Toward Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitude of general dentists, senior dental students, and orthodontic residents toward obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was designed and administered among 73 senior dental students, 84 general dentists, and 50 orthodontic residents. The questionnaire asked for demographic information of the participants and assessed their knowledge and attitude toward OSA. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests using SPSS (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The mean knowledge scores of general dentists and senior dental students were significantly lower than those of orthodontic residents (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge score of senior dental students and general dentists (p = 1). The mean knowledge score was significantly higher in dentists with 1-3 years of professional clinical experience (p = 0.02). The knowledge score was the highest in dentists working in private clinics followed by private offices and public clinics. The mean attitude score was the highest in orthodontic residents followed by general dentists and dental students. There was no significant difference in attitude based on the attended university, age, or time of graduation. CONCLUSION: According to the results, general dentists had insufficient knowledge about OSA, which could result in under-diagnosis or misdiagnosis of patients with OSA. This finding highlights the need for further education and training for dentists to properly identify and refer OSA patients to orthodontists or sleep specialists.

Patient Safety Culture and Safety Attitudes in the Estonian Context: Simultaneous Bilingual Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Instruments.

Objectives: This study aimed to simultaneously and bilingually validate the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC 2.0) and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Methods: The validation included translation, cultural adaptation, and assessment of validity and consistency. Data were collected in three hospitals in 2022 via online and paper surveys, with Estonian- and Russian-speaking employees participating. Results: In total, 579 (30%) participants from the three hospitals completed both questionnaires. Among them, 293 (51%) were Russian-speaking and 286 (49%) were Estonian-speaking. Cronbach's αhy for HSOPSC 2.0 was ≥0.60, except in the Russian version for the three dimensions. Cronbach's α for SAQ was ≥0.60, except in the Russian version for one dimension. Pearson's correlations of the Estonian HSOPSC 2.0 ranged from 0.26 to 0.60 and in the Russian version from 0.18 to 0.47. Conclusion: The validity of the HSOPSC 2.0 and SAQ questionnaires was confirmed in the Estonian versions. Minor corrections were recommended for the Russian. Both versions are considered suitable for assessing PSC in Estonian hospitals.

Development and its reliability and validity of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Pressure Injury Patients. / åŽ‹åŠ›æ€§æŸä¼¤æ‚£è€ éžæ­£å¼ç §é¡¾è€ çŸ¥ä¿¡è¡Œé‡è¡¨çš„ç¼–åˆ¶åŠä¿¡æ•ˆåº¦æ£€éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of scientifically validated tools to measure the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of informal caregivers for patients with pressure injury (PI). This study aims to develop a KAP Scale for Informal Caregivers of PI Patients and to evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS: Based on the KAP theory framework and relevant literature, an initial pool of items was created through expert brainstorming sessions. The initial scale was formed after a Delphi expert consultation and a preliminary survey. From April to October 2023, a convenient sample of informal caregivers for PI patients was recruited from an inpatient department of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, as well as its associated community and nursing homes. The first round included 186 participants, and the second round included 213 participants, who were used for item analysis and reliability and validity testing. After a 3-week interval, 20 participants from the initial group were randomly selected for a retest to assess the test-retest reliability of the scale. RESULTS: The KAP Scale for informal caregivers of PI patients consists of 3 dimensions with 19 items. The overall internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of the scale was 0.916. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.826 to 1.000, and the scale level-content validity index/average (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.94. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors, accounting for 64.643% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit the data well, with χ2/df=2.54, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.085, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.920, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.059. CONCLUSIONS: The KAP scale for informal caregivers of PI patients demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the KAP levels of informal caregivers regarding PI.

Revealing the Obscurity of Attitudes Towards Mental Health Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Attitudes Among the General Population of Iraq.

BACKGROUND: Mental health conditions cause a huge burden on individuals and healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization, around 970 million individuals worldwide had a mental disorder in 2019. AIM/QUESTION: To explore the attitudes towards mental health conditions among the Iraqi community and determine factors influencing such attitudes. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1394 individuals of the Iraqi general population between December 2022 and February 2023 using a self-administered online questionnaire in Arabic, utilising convenience and snowball sampling. The data were analysed using R Statistical Software. RESULTS: In total, 763 (54.73%) individuals had positive attitudes towards mental health conditions. The multivariate regression analysis revealed the males and age group of 46 years, and more were significantly associated with negative attitudes (p = 0.001, p = 0.045 respectively). DISCUSSION: Individuals with mental health conditions experience stigmatising attitudes as in the Middle East jeopardising their treatment and recovery. This is the first study to address the Iraqi population's attitudes towards mental health conditions indicating overall positive attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Health promotions must be conducted by educators, healthcare workers and universities to dispel the myths. Future studies with extensive sampling will help clarify the obscurity of mental health conditions in Iraq.

Health care workers' knowledge and perceptions on WHO hand hygiene guidelines, and the perceived barriers to compliance with hand hygiene in Cyprus.

BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is recognized as an important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs, and assists significantly in preventing healthcare-associated infections. HH compliance among health care workers (HCWs) is a result of their knowledge and perceptions. AIM: To investigate the knowledge and perceptions of WHO hand hygiene guidelines among HCWs, and the perceived barriers to compliance with hand hygiene in a major public hospital in Cyprus. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted in September of 2019. The target population was all of the HCWs in Nicosia General Hospital (N = 1,386). The final sample consisted of 820 participants (119 physicians, 613 nurses, 27 physiotherapists, 59 ward assistants, 2 unidentified). This study used the HH knowledge and perception questionnaire that was developed by the WHO. RESULTS: The results revealed that the average percentage score for knowledge among our sample was 61%, and statistically significant differences were observed among HCWs with regard to certain questions. It was found that HCWs, in most of their responses, presented high percentages of correct answers regarding their perceptions on hand hygiene guidelines but several perceived barriers to compliance on HH guidelines were identified as well. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge and perceptions of HH guidelines among HCWs were moderate and good respectively. In addition, several perceived barriers to compliance on HH recommendations were identified. HH education is recognized as an important tool for removing these barriers but the recommended HH strategy should be multi-modal and consider local resources, administrative support and barriers to compliance with HH.

Knowledge, attitude and practice toward to artificial intelligent patient-controlled analgesia among anesthesiologists: a cross-sectional study in east China's Jiangsu Province.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate postoperative analgesia greatly affects the recovery of patients, can poses a substantial health and economic burden. Patient-controlled analgesia is the most commonly used method for postoperative pain relief. However, the situation of inadequate analgesia still exists. Artificial intelligent Patient-controlled analgesia (Ai-PCA) system can make it easier for medical staff to understand the pain level of patients in order to deal with it in time. So far, several studies have investigated anesthesiologists' knowledge and management of Ai-PCA. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the degree of anesthesiologists' knowledge, attitude and their practice (KAP) towards Ai-PCA in east China's Jiangsu Province. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 anesthesiologists working in tertiary hospitals. The data were collected using a pretested, structured and self-administered KAP questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression tests. RESULTS: Five hundred twelve questionnaires were collected, 396 anesthesiologists (190 Male, and 206 Female) were included in our study for statistical analysis. The score of knowledge, attitude, practice was 5.49 ((SD = 1.65; range:0-8), 37.45 (SD = 4.46; range:9-45), and 26.41 (SD = 9.61; range:9-45), respectively. Among the participants, 309 (78%) and 264 (66.7%) had good knowledge and positive attitudes toward Ai-PCA, respectively. However, only 81 (20.5%) of the participants exhibited good practice regarding Ai-PCA. Participation in Ai-PCA training showed a significant correlation with knowledge, attitude and practice scores. Besides, age, years of experience and professional titles of anesthesiologists were correlated with knowledge scores. The title of the anesthesiologist was associated with attitude scores. And the marital status of anesthesiologists was correlated with practice scores. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed the score of practice regarding Ai-PCA are very poor among anesthesiologists in east China's Jiangsu Province. The utilization of Ai-PCA was found to be impacted by whether the individual had received training. This calls for a comprehensive approach should be conducted for raising the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of anesthesiologist on using Ai-PCA and more Ai-PCA training to be included in the daily learning. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ; 27/10/2023; ChiCTR2300077070).

Unveiling Saudi Physicians' knowledge and attitude toward Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES): A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi physicians from different specialties towards Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) and identify the challenges faced in managing this condition. METHODS: In November 2023, a questionnaire was distributed online to physicians through official targeted medical specialties societies. In February 2024 the study was closed. The survey was conducted in English, including questions about socio-demographics, knowledge about PNES's clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, respondents' experience, confidence and challenges in handling PNES cases. RESULTS: A total of 222 responses were collected. The overall knowledge score was 34.51 ± 9.67 out of 60, with 64.9 % of participants demonstrating good knowledge (score ≥ 50 %) and 35.1 % showing poor knowledge (score < 50 %). The overall attitude score was 21.65 ± 7.49 out of 40, with 55.4 % of participants demonstrating a favorable attitude towards PNES diagnosis & management (score ≥ 50 %), while 44.6 % displayed an unfavorable attitude (score < 50 %). Neurologists and psychiatrists exhibited higher knowledge and more positive attitudes compared to other specialties. Emergency physicians, internists, and pediatricians showed the lowest scores of knowledge & attitudes. Significant challenges included a lack of knowledge (41.0 %), insufficient diagnostic resources (35.6 %), and poor cross-disciplinary collaboration (36.0 %). SIGNIFICANCE: There is a critical need for improved knowledge about PNES characteristics, management, and training resources to enhance physicians' attitudes toward PNES patients, particularly among specialties that frequently encounter these patients. Addressing the identified gaps can lead to better patient outcomes through timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment referrals.