Primary nursing in the intensive care unit.

Background: Primary nursing (Process Responsible Nursing; PRN) is a nursing organization model, practiced in intensive care units (ICUs), but implementation is challenging. This paper focuses on the qualitative process analysis of the development and implementation of PRN in an ICU at a German university hospital. Aims: Aim was to record the perception of changes in nursing practice due to the introduction of PRN and obtain information on implementation and further optimization perceived by nurses. Method: A qualitative process analysis was done. Data collection took place at three defined times (immediately before implementation and 6 and 12 months after) and each included a focus group interview (FG) and a 5-day ICU ward process analysis (WA) in the form of participant observation. The analysis of FG and WA was carried out according to Kuckartz's content-structuring qualitative content analysis. Findings: The main categories communication, care planning and integration of patients and relatives in care and 13 subcategories with a cross-sectional category could be identified. Positive effects of PRN were found, particularly concerning relatives. The optimization potential included handover, visit appointments, the documentation system and adjustments to the visiting times. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis was able to show changes during the introduction of PRN, e.g. in communication and care planning, but also challenges like visit appointments or the documentation system in nursing practice.

Randomized feasibility trial for evaluating the impact of primary nursing on delirium duration during intensive care unit stay.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial for comparing primary nursing with standard care. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Elective cardiac surgical patients were eligible for inclusion. Patients with an intensive care unit stay of ≥ 3 days were followed up until intensive care unit discharge. Recruitment period was one year. SETTING: Two intensive care units at a university hospital specialized in cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were recruitment and delivery rate. Primary clinical outcome was duration of delirium, as assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of delirium, anxiety (10-point Numeric Rating Scale), and the satisfaction of patient relatives (validated questionnaire). RESULTS: Of 369 patients screened, 269 could be allocated to primary nursing (n = 134) or standard care (n = 135), of whom 46 patients and 48 patients, respectively, underwent an intensive care unit stay ≥ 3 days. Thus, recruitment and delivery rates were 73 and 26 %, respectively. During primary nursing and standard care, 18 and 24 patients developed a delirium, with a median duration of 32 (IQR: 14-96) and 24 (IQR: 8-44) hours (P = 0.10). The risk difference of delirium for primary nursing versus standard care was 11 % and the relative risk was 0.65 (95 % CI: 0.28-1.46; P = 0.29). The extent of anxiety was similar between groups (P = 0.13). Satisfaction could be assessed in 73.5 % of relatives, without substantial differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Data demonstrate that a trial for comparing primary nursing with standard care is generally feasible. However, the incidence of delirium may be a better primary outcome parameter than delirium duration, both in terms of long-term patient outcome and robustness of data quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: A randomized clinical trial regarding nursing organization during intensive care unit stay requires detailed planning of patient recruitment, data evaluation, and power calculation.

Práticas de Enfermagem na Coordenação do Cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Nursing Practices In Coordination Care In Primary Health Care / Prácticas de Enfermería Coordinación Del Cuidado En La Atención Primaria da Salud

Objetivo: analisar as características das equipes e as práticas associadas ao acompanhamento e coordenação do cuidado no Pará e compreender como ocorre essa prática executada pelo enfermeiro como membro da equipe na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo de métodos mistos. Os participantes foram enfermeiros da atenção básica do Pará. A coleta ocorreu entre novembro de 2019 a agosto de 2021, através de um formulário eletrônico e entrevista. A análise integrativa dos dados foi feita pela conexão dos métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Resultados: A proporção de enfermeiros que acompanha e coordena os usuários que estão em uso de outros serviços foi de 50% (90/180). Houve associação significativa (p <0,05) entre o acompanhamento e coordenação do cuidado e o tipo de equipe, carga horária de trabalho, regulação das demandas locais na perspectiva da rede, articulação com profissionais de saúde de outros níveis de atenção, trabalhos com profissionais de outras formações e a condução da clínica ampliada/ matriciamento. As categorias temáticas "relação da Atenção Primária à Saúde com a rede de atenção" e "práticas de coordenação e continuidade do cuidado horizontal e vertical" apresentaram convergência com os dados quantitativos e a categoria temática "Práticas de coordenação do cuidado sob a forma do trabalho em equipe" converge com os dados quantitativos, mas divergem no apoio matricial. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros realizam o acompanhamento e coordenação do cuidado, porém enfrentam dificuldades que resultam em sobrecarga e realização de atribuições que não são da categoria profissional. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the characteristics of the teams and the practices associated with the monitoring and coordination of care in Pará and to understand how this practice is carried out by the nurse as a member of the team in Primary Health Care. Methods: study of mixed methods. The participants were primary care nurses in Pará. The collection took place between November 2019 and August 2021, through an electronic form and interview. The integrative data analysis was performed by connecting qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: The proportion of nurses who monitor and coordinate users who are using other services was 50% (90/180). There was a significant association (p <0.05) between monitoring and coordination of care and the type of team, workload, regulation of local demands from the perspective of the network, articulation with health professionals from other levels of care, work with professionals from other backgrounds and conducting the expanded clinic/matrix support. The thematic categories "relationship between Primary Health Care and the care network" and "practices of coordination and continuity of horizontal and vertical care" showed convergence with the quantitative data and the thematic category "Practices of coordination of care in the form of work in a team" converges with the quantitative data, but differs in matrix support. Conclusion: Nurses carry out monitoring and coordination of care, but they face difficulties that result in overload and carrying out tasks that are not of the professional category. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las características de los equipos y las prácticas asociadas al seguimiento y coordinación del cuidado en Pará y comprender cómo esa práctica es realizada por el enfermero como miembro del equipo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio de métodos mixtos. Los participantes eran enfermeros de atención primaria de Pará. La recolección se realizó entre noviembre de 2019 y agosto de 2021, a través de formulario electrónico y entrevista. El análisis integrador de datos se realizó conectando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Resultados: La proporción de enfermeros que acompañan y coordinan usuarios que utilizan otros servicios fue del 50% (90/180). Hubo asociación significativa (p<0,05) entre el seguimiento y coordinación de la atención y el tipo de equipo, carga de trabajo, regulación de las demandas locales desde la perspectiva de la red, articulación con profesionales de salud de otros niveles de atención, trabajo con profesionales de otros antecedentes y dirigiendo el apoyo clínico/matriz ampliado. Las categorías temáticas "relación entre la Atención Primaria de Salud y la red de atención" y "prácticas de coordinación y continuidad del cuidado horizontal y vertical" mostraron convergencia con los datos cuantitativos y la categoría temática "Prácticas de coordinación del cuidado en la forma de trabajo en un team" converge con los datos cuantitativos, pero difiere en el soporte de la matriz. Conclusión: Los enfermeros realizan seguimiento y coordinación de los cuidados, pero enfrentan dificultades que resultan en sobrecarga y realización de tareas que no son de categoría profesional. (AU)

Assessment of management styles among top nursing leaders in Slovenian primary health centers: a cross-sectional analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to endeavor to discern the predominant leadership styles used by nursing managers within the framework of Slovenian primary health centers. Using a quantitative research approach, the study was conducted through the administration of a structured questionnaire. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The investigation encompassed 67 nursing managers, representing the entire spectrum of primary health centers in Slovenia. A stratified representative subset comprising 53 top nursing managers actively participated in this study. FINDINGS: The prevailing leadership style among nursing managers predominantly manifests as the "integrated" style, characterized by a balanced emphasis on both interpersonal relationships and task-oriented elements. These nursing leaders exhibited a proclivity for fostering collaborative teamwork, with their leadership approach notably shaped by traits such as positive thinking, self-assuredness, comprehensive leadership knowledge and an intrinsic motivation to guide and inspire individuals. Notably, leadership knowledge emerged as the most influential factor in determining the selected leadership style. The study's findings recognize specific areas in which leadership competencies among nurse managers may require further enhancement and development. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study's findings are based on a specific subset of nursing leaders in a particular region, which can add to the originality, especially as there is limited prior research in this specific context. The study's exploration of leadership styles is original in the sense that it provides insights into the leadership behaviors and traits of nursing managers in the given context. The emphasis on factors such as positive thinking and leadership knowledge as influential elements adds originality to the study.

[Development and implementation of primary nursing in the intensive care unit: evaluation in mixed-methods design.] / Entwicklung und Implementierung von Prozessverantwortlicher Pflege auf der Intensivstation.

Development and implementation of primary nursing in the intensive care unit: evaluation in mixed-methods design. Abstract:Background: In a university hospital, the development and implementation of Primary Nursing (Prozessverantwortliche Pflege, PP) in a pilot intensive care unit was initiated. To develop the roles of nurses with and without process responsibility a working group PP was founded while taking into account the skill-grade mix. Aim: The working group aimed to develop the roles of process-responsible nurses (PP) and nurses (P), as well as to plan and implement the implementation process. Methods: Development and piloting steps were taken based on the recommendations of the Medical Research Council. At three measurement points, the instrument for recording nursing systems (IzEP©) was used quantitatively and a focus group interview, as well as a ward process analysis, were used qualitatively in t0 (as-is analysis before development and piloting), t1 (6 months after implementation) and t2 (12 months after implementation). Results: PP mainly take over the care process's design and control. The IzEP© analysis showed that room care was practiced in t0 with 50.0%. The values increased towards PP from 74.0% in t1 to 83.5% in t2. Qualitatively obtained data supported these results and showed further optimization potential for practice. Conclusions: The results prove the successful implementation of PP in practice. For the development and implementation of new nursing roles, the involvement of the affected nurses is mandatory.

The RANA Model Revisited: How a Primary Nursing Model for Professional Psychiatric Nursing Practice Has Withstood the Test of Time.

OBJECTIVE: This article revisits the responsible, accountable nurse with authority (RANA) model and its continued application to psychiatric-mental health nursing care nearly 30 years after its development. It will ascertain key elements of the model that remain in use today, while identifying parts of the model that have transformed over the years. METHODS: This article will also explore the theoretical underpinnings of the model, including Peplau's interpersonal relations theory. The impact of the primary nursing and relationship-based care models that influenced the RANA role will also be explored. RESULTS: Specific examples of how the RANA model has affected unit outcomes will be identified, such as improved patient safety measures and satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: The nurse-patient relationship and therapeutic alliance is fundamental to the RANA model and directly affects patient outcomes.

The Primary Nursing Care Model and Inpatients' Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Quantitative Studies.

BACKGROUND: The delivery of quality, safe, and patient-centered care is foundational for professional practice. The primary nursing model allows nurses to have excellent knowledge about patients and families and to plan and coordinate care from admission to discharge, with better management of health situations. Nurses play a crucial role in improving patients' outcomes, namely those sensitive to nursing care. The knowledge of the relationship between the primary nursing model and the nursing-sensitive outcomes provides new scientific evidence that strengthens the relevance of this nursing care organization model in the inpatients' health outcomes. This systematic review describes the relationship between nurse-sensitive inpatients' outcomes and the primary nursing care model. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted with a narrative synthesis, and the following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, SciELO Collections, and Cochrane. RESULTS: A total of 22 full texts were assessed, of which five were included in the study according to the selection criteria. The analysis results indicated that the primary nursing care model was related to nursing-sensitive patient safety outcomes. Patients' experience was also considered a nursing-sensitive outcome, namely in the satisfaction with nursing care. CONCLUSION: The negative outcomes are clearly related to the primary nursing care model. There is scarce research that relates primary nursing to positive outcomes, such as patients' functional status and self-care abilities, and more studies are needed.

Effectiveness of the Primary Nursing Model on nursing documentation accuracy: A quasi-experimental study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To analyse the Primary Nursing Model's effect on nursing documentation accuracy. BACKGROUND: The Primary Nursing is widely implemented since it has been considered as the ideal model of care delivery based on the relationship between the nurse and patient. However, previous research has not examined the relationship between Primary Nursing and nursing documentation accuracy. DESIGN: A pretest-posttest-follow-up design was used. METHODS: The study was conducted from August 2018 to February 2020 in eight surgical and medical wards in an Italian university hospital. The Primary Nursing was implemented in four wards (study group), while in the other four, the Team Nursing was practised (control group). Nursing documentation accuracy was evaluated through the D-Catch instrument. From the eight wards, 120 nursing documentations were selected randomly for each time point (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) and in each group. Altogether, 720 nursing documents were assessed. The study adhered to the TREND checklist. RESULTS: The Primary Nursing and Team Nursing Models exhibited significant differences in mean scores for documentation accuracy: assessment on admission, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention and patient outcome accuracy. No differences between the two groups were found for record structure accuracy and legibility between the posttest and follow-up. CONCLUSION: Primary Nursing exerts an overall positive effect on nursing documentation accuracy and persists over time. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The benefits from Primary Nursing implementation included better-documented patient outcomes. The use of Primary Nursing linked with the use of the nursing process allowed for a more individualised and problem-solving approach. Nurse managers should consider the implementation of Primary Nursing to improve care quality.

Dimensões assistenciais do trabalho do enfermeiro na atenção primária / Dimensiones asistenciales del trabajo de las enfermeras en atención primaria / Care dimensions of nurses' work in primary care

Resumo Objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de práticas assistenciais de enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método estudo quantitativo e transversal, realizado com 216 enfermeiros de 97 municípios integrantes de duas Macrorregiões de Saúde do Estado de Santa Catarina, os quais responderam um questionário do tipo survey, no ano de 2019. Os dados passaram por estatística descritiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre as práticas assistenciais observou-se prevalência do acolhimento e da consulta do enfermeiro, o que fortalece a sua autonomia e a resolutividade da Atenção Primária, seguidos dos procedimentos de enfermagem. As visitas domiciliares sobressaem-se para a periodicidade de até três vezes por semana e as atividades educativas concentraram-se na periodicidade quinzenal. As atividades de educação em saúde voltam-se majoritariamente aos usuários portadores de patologias crônicas. Os enfermeiros privilegiam as abordagens assistenciais individuais, em detrimento às ações educativas em grupo. Conclusão e implicações para a prática há necessidade do fortalecimento da dimensão educativa, no trabalho do enfermeiro, que tangencie atividades assistenciais e gerenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em especial, voltadas para grupos.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el desarrollo de las prácticas asistenciales de los enfermeros que actúan en Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método estudio cuantitativo y transversal, realizado con 216 enfermeros de 97 municipios de dos Macrorregiones de Salud del estado de Santa Catarina, que respondieron un cuestionario tipo encuesta en el año 2019. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre las prácticas de atención predominaron la acogida y la consulta de Enfermería, lo que fortalece su autonomía y la capacidad resolutiva de la Atención Básica, seguida por procedimientos de Enfermería. Se destacan las visitas domiciliarias por su periodicidad de hasta tres veces por semana y las actividades educativas se concentraron en la periodicidad quincenal. Las actividades de educación para la salud están dirigidas principalmente a usuarios con patologías crónicas. Los enfermeros privilegian enfoques de atención individual en detrimento de acciones educativas grupales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica es necesario fortalecer la dimensión educativa en el trabajo de los enfermeros, lo que repercute en las actividades de atención y gestión en Atención Primaria de la Salud, especialmente aquellas dirigidas a grupos.

Abstract Objective to analyze the development of care practices of nurses working in Primary Health Care. Method A cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out with 216 nurses from 97 municipalities in two Health Macroregions of the state of Santa Catarina, who answered a survey-type questionnaire in 2019. The data were submitted to analytical and inferential descriptive statistics. Results Among the care practices, there was a prevalence of welcoming and Nursing consultation, strengthening their autonomy and Primary Care resoluteness, followed by Nursing procedures. Home visits stand out for the periodicity of up to three times a week, and the educational activities were concentrated on fortnightly periodicity. Health education activities are mainly targeted at users with chronic pathologies. Nurses favor individual care approaches to the detriment of group educational actions. Conclusion and implications for the practice There is a need to strengthen the educational dimension in nurses' work, which has repercussions on care and management activities in Primary Health Care, especially those aimed at groups.

Pediatric palliative care at home by Home Care Unit: how home nurses feel?

PURPOSE: Our Home Care Unit (HCU) undertakes close to twenty pediatric palliative care engagements per year. We investigated the factors underlying such care by independent home health nurses. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, single-center study. Home nurses who had provided palliative pediatric care in the past 16 months were included. RESULTS: Fifty-six questionnaires were sent out (response rate of 44.6%). Eight home nurses had never provided pediatric palliative care. Three-quarters of the home nurses (76%) acknowledged having misgivings accepting these duties. The factors that facilitated providing this care were the availability of the HCU doctor and nurses, the proactiveness of the HCU team, and house calls. In 76% of cases, the involvement of the home nurses exceeded the strictly professional setting. Forty-six percent of the home nurses were amenable to undertaking another pediatric palliative care engagement, although 48% deemed the remuneration to be somewhat lacking. CONCLUSION: The analysis allowed us to identify several prerequisites for these care engagements: the availability and the proactiveness of the HCU team, communication, and planning. This study showed the pronounced personal involvement of home nurses in complex situations, with both the child and their entire family. Home nurses appear to be skilled at using the resources available to manage the exhaustion that can arise with such an engagement. Facilitating and respecting the choice to stay home of the child and their family was meaningful to them. The personal and professional enrichment were a source of motivation despite certain limitations (availability, remuneration).

Analysis of primary nursing intervention for elderly patients with cancer pain on the improvement of potential risk and pain degree.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of primary nursing on the improvement of potential risk and pain degree in elderly patients with cancer pain. METHODS: Altogether 187 patients with cancer pain from June 2018 to November 2019 were selected as the research participants and grouped into two groups according to different nursing intervention methods, including 102 cases in the research group (RG) and 85 cases in the control group (CG). The pain relief and medication compliance were evaluated. General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) were used to evaluate the self-efficacy and self-care ability. Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. SF-36 Quality of Life Scale was used to evaluate the quality of life. Self-made nursing satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the nursing satisfaction. RESULTS: The improvement of pain relief in the RG was evidently higher than that in the CG. The scores of SAS and SDS in the RG after intervention were evidently lower than those in the CG. GSES and ESCA scores of patients in the RG after intervention were evidently higher than those in the CG. The compliance of patients in the RG after intervention was evidently higher than that in the CG. The PSQI scores of patients in the RG after intervention were evidently better than those in the CG. The scores of SF-36 and nursing satisfaction in the RG were evidently higher than those in the CG. CONCLUSION: The implementation of primary nursing intervention for elderly patients with cancer pain can effectively relieve their pain and improve their bad psychological state and medication compliance, thus improving patients' quality of life.

Exploring hospital compliance with the primary nursing care model: validating an inventory using the Delphi method.

BACKGROUND: The primary nursing care model is considered a personalized model of care delivery based on care continuity and on the relationship between the nurse and patient. Primary nursing checklists are not often mentioned in the literature; however, they represent a valid instrument to develop, implement, and evaluate primary nursing. The aim of this study was to create a structured checklist to explore hospital compliance in primary nursing. METHODS: The Delphi method was used to develop and validate a checklist. The preliminary version was created and sent to three experts for their opinions. Their comments were ultimately used in the first version, which included four components with 19 items regarding primary nursing characteristics. A two-round Delphi process was used to generate consensus items. The Delphi panel consisted of six experts working in primary nursing contexts and/or teaching or studying primary nursing. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from July 2020 to January 2021. These experts were asked to rate each element for relevance using a 4-point Likert-type scale. Furthermore, the consensus among the panel of experts was set at ≥78%, with selected items being voted "quite relevant" and "highly relevant". Content validity index (I-CVI) and modified kappa statistic were also calculated. Following expert evaluation, the first version of the checklist was modified, and the new version, constituting 17 items, was sent to the same experts. RESULTS: The first version of the checklist demonstrated a main relevance score of 3.34 (SD = 0.83; range = 1.3-4; mean I-CVI = 0.84; range: 0.83-1), but three items did not receive an adequate I-CVI score, that is, lower than 0.78. After the second round, the I-CVIs improved. The main score of relevance was 3.61 (SD: 0.35; range = 2.83-4; mean = I-CVI: 0.93). The S-CVI/UA was 0.58, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.93. CONCLUSION: Measuring primary nursing compliance should be implemented to provide continuous feedback to nurses. Moreover, utilizing valid checklists could permit comparing different results from others' research. Future research should be conducted to compare the results from the checklist with nursing outcomes.

More Thoughts About Models of Nursing Practice Delivery.

This is the second of two essays about five models of nursing practice delivery-total patient care, functional nursing, team nursing, primary nursing, and the attending nurse. Primary nursing and the attending nurse are discussed in this essay. The other three models were discussed in a previous issue of Nursing Science Quarterly. Each model is described and its connection with nursing discipline-specific knowledge is discussed. The extent to which each model ascribes accountability for practice also is discussed.

[Do elderly people providing nursing or caring for others help the providers maintain their health?]

AIM: The present study clarified the relationship between elderly individuals providing nursing or caring for others, including their spouses, and their own health maintenance over three years. METHODS: Study participants were those who had completed the "Survey of Needs in the Spheres of Daily Life" distributed to all elderly individuals ≥65 years old in Nanto, Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in both 2014 and 2017. We evaluated data from 6,088 individuals after excluding those with insufficient data. Detailed responses were analyzed in order to understand the situation of the people to whom the respondents were providing nursing or care (e.g. spouses or others), the presence or absence of providing this nursing or care, and the relationship between these factors and the providers' health maintenance over a period of three years using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Even after adjusting for critical variables, including basic attributes, overall health, and functional capacity in elderly men, among the subjects who had partners to whom they provided nursing or care, including a spouse, the number of individuals whose own health was maintained 3 years later was higher than among those who did not provide such nursing or care (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; P = 0.004). Furthermore, compared to women who did not provide nursing or care, the OR for women who did provide care for people others than their spouses was 1.44 (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that providing nursing or caring for others (including a spouse for elderly men; excluding a spouse for elderly women) has a positive impact on health maintenance among the elderly.

Primary nursing intervention can improve the prognosis and postoperative quality of life of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing minimally invasive surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the role of primary nursing in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) undergoing minimally invasive surgery. METHODS: We randomly assigned 106 patients with HICH treated in our hospital to receive routine nursing (54 cases, group A) or primary nursing in addition to routine nursing (52 cases, group B). The scores of negative emotions, incidence of complications, quality of life, and prognosis of all patients were recorded. RESULTS: The score of negative emotions and the incidence of complications were lower in group B than in group A (P < 0.05). The scores of quality of life and prognosis were higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Primary nursing intervention can improve the prognosis and postoperative quality of life of patients with HICH undergoing minimally invasive surgery.

The effects in assistance indicators of changes on a nursing team / Impactos da alteração da equipe de enfermagem nos indicadores da assistência

INTRODUCTION: This article discusses the path of healthcare associated infections (HAI) indicators in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public teaching hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, after certain change in its nursing staff: pair of nursing caregivers. The model of a pair of caregivers consists in assigning one nurse and one nursing technician for every three patients. The indicators analyzed were infection related to central venous catheters (CVCs), the risk of HAI, turnover, and absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the restructuring of the nursing staff in Human Resources and on the rate of infection in the ICU. METHODS: As for methods, it is a qualitative and descriptive research carried out as a case study. RESULTS: The results have shown that the risk of HAIs significantly increased after the change in staffing, but the density of vascular access infection associated with CVCs was drastically reduced. The results of turnover of nursing technics decreased and the turnover of nurses increased while the absenteeism of the nursing team decreased after the change. The interviews revealed that there was a gain at the care due to the change. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, the results of the study have shown that the proposed nursing model caused a care gain, once the interviews exposed that and indicator directly related to nursing team care (infection associated with CVCs) decreased.

INTRODUÇÃO: Esse artigo discute a evolução do indicador de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IRAS) em uma Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) em um hospital-escola público de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, após alteração na equipe de enfermagem: par de cuidadores. Esse modelo de par de cuidadores consistiu em determinar um enfermeiro e um técnico em enfermagem para cada três pacientes. Os indicadores analisados foram infecções de corrente sanguínea associadas ao Cateter Venoso Central (CVC), risco de IRAS, turnover e absenteísmo. OBJETIVO: Compreender o impacto da reestruturação do time de enfermagem na área de Recursos Humanos e a taxa de infecção na UTI. MÉTODOS: Como métodos, é uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, obtida por meio do estudo de caso. RESULTADOS: Os resultados apontaram que o risco das IRAS aumentou significativamente após a mudança da equipe de enfermagem, mas a densidade do indicador de infecções de corrente sanguínea associadas ao CVC reduziu drasticamente. Os resultados de turnover entre os técnicos de enfermagem caiu e dos enfermeiros aumentou, enquanto o absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem reduziu. As entrevistas revelaram que houve um ganho na qualidade do cuidado relacionado à mudança. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os resultados demonstraram um ganho assistencial obtido pela mudança na equipe de enfermagem, uma vez que isso foi relevado nas entrevistas e houve redução nos resultados do indicador diretamente relacionado ao trabalho do enfermeiro (infecções associadas ao CVC)

Primary health care nurses: attitudes towards the person with mental disorder / Enfermeras de atención primaria: actitudes frente a la persona con trastorno mental / Enfermeiros de atenção primária à saúde: atitudes frente à pessoa com transtorno mental

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the attitudes of nurses working in Primary Health Care towards the person with mental disorder and the variables related to health care provided. Methodology Descriptive, correlational study with 250 nurses from 69 Basic Health Units in the city of São Paulo. Data collection took place between April and August 2019 using the "Opinions about Mental Illness" scale. The data were analyzed using the KrusKal-Wallis test, with a 95% confidence level and statistical significance of p <0.05. Results The global mean of the scale was 197, which shows negative attitudes especially in the dimensions of Authoritarianism (44.6), Social Restriction (42.0), and positive in the dimension of Benevolence (51.7). Conclusion Nurses tend to have a stigmatizing attitudinal profile. It is necessary formative and permanent intervention so that it is possible to reduce stigma and improve community-based care recommended in the guidelines of the Psychosocial Care Network.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las actitudes de los enfermeros que trabajan en Atención Primaria de Salud frente a la persona con trastorno mental y las variables relacionadas con la atención médica brindada. Metodología Estudio descriptivo, correlacional con 250 enfermeras de 69 Unidades Básicas de Salud en la ciudad de São Paulo. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre abril y agosto de 2019 utilizando la escala "Opiniones sobre enfermedades mentales". Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de KrusKal-Wallis, con un nivel de confianza del 95% y una significación estadística de p <0,05. Resultados El promedio global de la escala fue 197, lo que muestra actitudes negativas especialmente en las dimensiones de Autoritarismo (44.6), Restricción social (42.0), y positivas en la dimensión de Benevolencia (51.7). Conclusión Las enfermeras tienden a tener un perfil de actitud estigmatizante. La intervención formativa y permanente es necesaria para que sea posible reducir el estigma y mejorar la atención comunitaria recomendada en las pautas de la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as atitudes dos enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde frente à pessoa com transtorno mental e as variáveis relacionados aos cuidados de saúde prestados. Metodologia Estudo descritivo, correlacional, com 250 enfermeiros de 69 Unidades Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e agosto de 2019 por meio da escala "Opiniões acerca da Doença Mental". Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de KrusKal-Wallis, com nível de confiança de 95% e significância estatística de p<0,05. Resultados A média global da escala foi 197, que demonstra atitudes negativas especialmente nas dimensões de Autoritarismo (44,6), Restrição Social (42,0), e positiva na dimensão Benevolência (51,7). Conclusão Os enfermeiros apresentam, tendencialmente, perfil atitudinal estigmatizante. É necessária intervenção formativa e permanente para que seja possível reduzir o estigma e melhorar o cuidado de base comunitária preconizado nas diretrizes da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Factors associated with adolescent compliance with human papillomavirus vaccine: a cross-sectional study / Factores asociados con la adherencia de los adolescentes a la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano: un estudio transversal / Fatores associados à adesão de adolescente à vacina contra papilomavírus humano: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors associated with adolescent compliance with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, developed through a school survey, in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, whose data collection occurred in 2018. A scale was used to assess decision-making, attitudes, feelings and knowledge about the human papillomavirus, in addition to a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, economic and vaccination status data. The variables were submitted to the multivariate model of logistic regression to explain factors associated with vaccination adeforemen. Results: the study sample consisted of 624 adolescents, 15 years old, attending the first year of high school, of which 22.8% received the human papillomavirus vaccine. Being male decreases the chance of complying with the vaccine by 50% (aOR=0.05). Moreover, disagreeing or disagreeing with or disagreeing with parents to make the decision to vaccinate their children also reduced the chances of vaccination by 66% (aOR=0.34), respectively, as well as disagreeing with or disagreeing that men do not take human papillomavirus, minimized the chances of vaccination complying with vaccination by 66% (aOR=0.34), when compared to those who disagreed with this statement. Conclusion: low adolescent compliance with human papillomavirus vaccine was identified. Adolescents remain susceptible to diseases related to the human papillomavirus. Therefore, vaccination strategies need to be rethought, with the offer of vaccination in schools, mediated by educational campaigns.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar factores asociados con la adherencia de los adolescentes a la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano. Método: estudio transversal, desarrollado a través de una encuesta escolar, en Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, cuya recolección de datos se realizó en 2018. Se utilizó una escala para evaluar la toma de decisiones, actitudes, sentimientos y conocimientos sobre el virus del papiloma humano, además de un cuestionario para recopilar datos sociodemográficos, económicos y de vacunación. Las variables se sometieron al modelo multivariado de regresión logística para explicar los factores asociados a la adherencia a la vacunación. Resultados: la muestra del estudio estuvo constituida por 624 adolescentes de 15 años que cursaban el primer año de secundaria, de los cuales el 22,8% recibió la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano. Ser hombre disminuye la posibilidad de adherirse a la vacuna en un 50% (ORa = 0.05). Además, estar en desacuerdo o en desacuerdo con que los padres tomen la decisión de vacunar a sus hijos también redujo las posibilidades de adherencia (ORa = 0,15 y 0,34), respectivamente, además de no estar de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo con que los hombres no tomen el virus del papiloma, minimizó las posibilidades de adherencia a la vacunación en un 66% (ORa = 0,34), en comparación con aquellos que no estaban de acuerdo con esta afirmación. Conclusión: se identificó una baja adherencia de los adolescentes a la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano. Los adolescentes siguen siendo susceptibles a enfermedades relacionadas con el virus del papiloma humano. Por tanto, es necesario repensar las estrategias de vacunación, ofreciendo vacunación en las escuelas, mediada por campañas educativas.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à adesão de adolescentes à vacina contra o papilomavírus humano. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido por meio de inquérito escolar, em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em 2018. Utilizou-se de escala para avaliar a tomada de decisão, as atitudes, os sentimentos e o conhecimento sobre o papilomavírus humano, além de questionário para levantar os dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e a situação vacinal. As variáveis foram submetidas ao modelo multivariado de regressão logística para explicar fatores associados à adesão à vacinação. Resultados: a amostra do estudo se constituiu de 624 adolescentes, de 15 anos de idade, cursando o primeiro ano do ensino médio, dos quais, 22,8% receberam a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano. Ser do sexo masculino diminui em 50% a chance de aderir à vacina (ORa =0,05). Além disso, discordar ou não concordar nem discordar que os pais tomem a decisão de vacinar os filhos também reduziu as chances de adesão (ORa=0,15 e 0,34), respectivamente, bem como nem concordar nem discordar que os homens não pegam papilomavírus humano, minimizou as chances de adesão à vacinação em 66% (ORa=0,34), quando comparados aos que discordaram desta afirmativa. Conclusão: identificou-se baixa adesão dos adolescentes à vacina contra papilomavírus humano. Os adolescentes continuam suscetíveis às doenças relacionadas ao papilomavírus humano. Logo, as estratégias de vacinação necessitam ser repensadas, com oferta da vacinação nas escolas, mediadas por campanhas educativas.

Communication in health and inter-professional collaboration in the care for children with chronic conditions / Comunicación de salud y colaboración interprofesional en la atención de niños con afecciones crónicas / Comunicação em saúde e colaboração interprofissional na atenção a crianças com condições crônicas

Objective: to understand how health communication in the care of children with chronic conditions interferes with inter-professional collaboration. Method: a multicentric qualitative research. Data collection, carried out through interviews and observation, occurred from October 2017 to February 2018. For data organization, the NVivo software, version 12, was used. These data were analyzed from a dialectical perspective. Results: a total of 79 professionals were interviewed, including physicians and nurses in the Family Health Strategy. Essential markers for inter-professionality stand out, such as multi-institutional communication; the historical and political context of the municipalities; the bond between staff and families with children with chronic conditions; and active and purposeful communication. Conclusion: inter-professional collaboration is strengthened when the therapeutic plan of the child with a chronic condition is coordinated by the Family Health Strategy, plus the intention of communicating with the secondary sector. It is considered that the research included important issues, contributing to planning the work process in the Family Health Strategy.

Objetivo: comprender cómo la comunicación sanitaria en el cuidado de niños con afecciones crónicas interfiere en la colaboración interprofesional. Método: investigación multicéntrica, cualitativa. La recopilación de datos, realizada a través de entrevistas y observaciones, se llevó a cabo entre octubre de 2017 y febrero de 2018. En la organización de los datos, se utilizó el software NVivo versión 12. Los datos fueron analizados desde una perspectiva dialéctica. Resultados: fueron entrevistados 79 profesionales, incluidos médicos y enfermeros del programa Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Se destacan marcadores esenciales para la interprofesionalidad, como la comunicación multiinstitucional; el contexto histórico y político de los municipios; el vínculo entre el equipo de profesionales y las familias con niños con afecciones crónicas y la comunicación activa y resolutiva. Conclusión: la colaboración interprofesional se fortalece cuando se coordina el plan terapéutico para niños con enfermedades crónicas a través del programa Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, y se verifica la intención de establecer comunicación con el sector secundario. Se considera que la investigación integró temas importantes y contribuyó a la planificación del proceso de trabajo en el programa Estrategia de Salud de la Familia.

Objetivo: compreender como a comunicação em saúde na atenção de crianças com condições crônicas interfere na colaboração interprofissional. Método: pesquisa multicêntrica, qualitativa. A coleta de dados, realizada por meio de entrevista e observação, ocorreu de outubro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018. Para a organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software NVivo versão 12. Esses dados foram analisados pela perspectiva dialética. Resultados: foram entrevistados 79 profissionais, entre médicos e enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Destacam-se marcadores essenciais para a interprofissionalidade, como a comunicação plurinstitucional; o contexto histórico e político dos municípios; o vínculo entre equipe e famílias com crianças com condições crônicas e a comunicação ativa e propositiva. Conclusão: a colaboração interprofissional é fortalecida quando o plano terapêutico da criança com condição crônica é coordenado pela Saúde da Família, acrescida da intencionalidade de comunicação com o setor secundário. Considera-se que a pesquisa integrou importantes temas, contribuindo para o planejamento do processo de trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

Sensorimotor alterations and associated factors in diabetes mellitus patients / Alteraciones sensoriomotoras y factores asociados en pacientes con diabetes mellitus / Alterações sensório-motoras e fatores associados em pacientes com diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate sensorimotor alterations in the extremities of the lower limbs and associated factors in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Method: this was a cross-sectional and analytical study, conducted in a Basic Health Unit, in Teresina (Brazil) with a sample of 102 participants between April and July 2018, by means of a semi-structured form. For the statistical analyses, the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Results: among the study participants, 99 (97.1%) presented alterations, 73 (71.6%) on the skin and 40 (39.2%) on nails. The sensorimotor examination identified 40 (39.22%) individuals with tactile sensitivity alterations and 13 (12.7%) with reduced vibratory sensitivity, using the 128 Hz tuning fork. The factors associated with sensorimotor alterations detected by the 10 gram monofilament were the following: time of disease over ten years; absence of periodic foot evaluation (p=0.003); impaired visual acuity (p=0.001); presence of pain or discomfort (p=0.003); pain worsening at night (p=0.008); moderate pain intensity (p=0.012) and relief at rest (p=0.015). Conclusion: sensory alterations in the lower limbs showed their relationship with some of the research variables, such as time of disease, foot evaluation, glycemic value, presence of pain or discomfort (worsening and relief shifts, and intensity), skin coloring and vibratory sensitivity evaluation with a tuning fork.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las alteraciones sensoriomotoras de las extremidades de los miembros inferiores y los factores asociados en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Método: estudio transversal y analítico realizado en una Unidad Básica de Salud, en Teresina (Brasil) con una muestra de 102 participantes, entre los meses de abril y julio de 2018 por medio de un formulario semiestructurado. Para los análisis estadísticos se efectuaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher. Resultados: de los participantes del estudio, 99 (97,1%) presentaron alteraciones: 73 (71,6%) en la piel y 40 (39,2%) en las uñas. Al realizarse el examen sensoriomotor se identificaron 40 (39,22%) personas con alteraciones de sensibilidad táctil y 13 (12,7%), con sensibilidad vibratoria reducida, utilizando un diapasón de 128 Hz. Los factores asociados a las alteraciones sensoriomotoras detectadas por el monofilamento de 10 gramos fueron las siguientes: tiempo de la enfermedad superior a diez años, ausencia de una evaluación periódica de los pies (P=0,003), agudeza visual afectada (p=0,001), presencia de dolor o malestar (p=0,003); empeoramiento del dolor durante la noche (p=0,008), intensidad de dolor moderada (p=0,012) y alivio del dolor en reposo (p=0,015). Conclusión: las alteraciones sensoriales en los miembros inferiores demostraron su relación con algunas de las variables de la investigación, como el tiempo de la enfermedad, la evaluación de los pies, el valor glicémico, la presencia de dolor o malestar (turnos de empeoramiento y mejora del dolor, e intensidad del dolor), coloración de la piel y la evaluación de la sensibilidad vibratoria con un diapasón.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as alterações sensório-motoras das extremidades dos membros inferiores e fatores associados em pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Método: estudo transversal e analítico, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, em Teresina (Brasil) com amostra de 102 participantes, entre os meses de abril a julho de 2018, por meio de formulário semiestruturado. Para as análises estatísticas, realizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e o exato de Fisher. Resultados: dentre os participantes do estudo, 99 (97,1%) apresentaram alterações, sendo 73 (71,6%) na pele e 40 (39,2%) em unhas. A realização do exame sensório-motor identificou 40 (39,22%) pessoas com alterações de sensibilidade tátil e 13 (12,7%), com sensibilidade vibratória reduzida, utilizando o diapasão 128 Hz. Os fatores associados às alterações sensório-motoras detectadas pelo monofilamento de 10 gramas foram: tempo de doença acima de dez anos; ausência de avaliação dos pés periodicamente (0,003); acuidade visual prejudicada (p=0,001); presença de dor ou desconforto (p=0,003); piora da dor no período noturno (p=0,008); intensidade da dor moderada (p=0,012) e aliviada ao repouso (p=0,015). Conclusão: as alterações sensoriais nos membros inferiores demonstraram sua relação com algumas das variáveis da pesquisa, como o tempo de doença, a avaliação dos pés, valor glicêmico, presença de dor ou desconforto (turno de piora, alívio e intensidade da mesma), coloração da pele e da avaliação de sensibilidade vibratória com diapasão.