Suffering in children and adolescents in paediatric palliative care in Spain: psychometric properties of the qESNA scale.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the qESNA scale and its usefulness to assess the suffering of paediatric patients with life-limiting and/or life-threatening diseases (children with LLTC) in clinical practice. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 58 patients in Spain (female, 32.8%; mean age, 15.6 [SD, 4.5]; age range, 8-23 years), with administration of the qESNA scale along with other scales to assess anxiety, depression, emotion regulation and psychosocial functioning. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and calculated goodness-of-fit indices were calculated; we assessed reliability by means of the Cronbach alpha and temporal stability and convergent validity through the intraclass correlation coefficient with scales used to assess psychological disorders and the specificity and sensitivity through ROC curves. RESULTS: The factor analysis identified a 14-item scale with 3 factors, a comparative fit index of 0.93, a Tucker-Lewis index of 0.91 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.07. The Cronbach alpha was 0.85 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.66. The convergent validity was high for the correlation to the risk of depression (-0.69) and of anxiety (-0.60) and emotional changes (-0.59). The analysis of the ROC curves showed that a score of less than 81 would be indicative of suffering, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 93.48%. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the psychometric properties of the qESNA scale are good and the scale's usefulness as an instrument to detect emotional suffering in children with life-limiting or life-threatening illnesses in clinical practice.

Psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia.

Background: High levels of post-traumatic stress are well documented among refugees. Yet, refugee adolescents display high heterogeneity in their type of trauma and symptom levels.Objective: Following the recurrent plea for validated trauma screening tools, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan (n = 148), Syria (n = 234), and Somalia (n = 175) living in Europe.Method: The model fit for the confirmatory factor structures was tested, as well as measurement invariance between the three groups. The robustness of results was evaluated by testing measurement invariance between recently arrived and settled adolescents, and between different response labelling options. Reliability (α, ω, and ordinal α), criterion validity, and prevalence estimates were calculated.Results: The intrusion subscale showed a better stable model fit than the avoidance subscale, but the two-factor structure was mainly supported. Configural measurement invariance was achieved between Afghan and Somali adolescents, and strong measurement invariance between Syrian and Somali adolescents. The results were robust considering the time living in the host country and response labelling styles. Reliability was low among Afghan and Syrian adolescents (.717-.856), whereas it was higher among Somali adolescents (.831-.887). The total score had medium-sized correlations with emotional problems (.303-.418) and low correlations with hyperactivity (.077-.155). There were statistically significant differences in symptom prevalence: Afghan adolescents had higher prevalence (55.5%) than Syrian (42.8%) and Somali (37%) adolescents, and unaccompanied refugee minors had higher symptom prevalence (63.5%) than accompanied adolescents (40.7%).Conclusions: This study mostly supports the use of the CRIES-8 among adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia, and even comparative analyses of group means. Variation in reliability estimates, however, makes diagnostic predictions difficult, as the risk of misclassification is high.

We investigated the psychometric properties of the 8-item Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia living in Europe.We found support for the CRIES-8 as a suitable assessment tool for Afghan, Syrian, and Somali adolescents.The reliability of the CRIES-8 was low among Afghan and Syrian adolescents, whereas among Somali adolescents, reliability was higher.

Escala de Asuntos Inconclusos: Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en universitarios peruanos

En la Psicoterapia Gestalt, los asuntos inconclusos son concebidos como un conjunto de experiencias del pasado que interrumpen el presente con el fin de lograr su cierre o culminación. Se buscó desarrollar la Escala de Asuntos Inconclusos y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas. El instrumento fue administrado a 247 universitarios de Lima, de ambos sexos y de edades entre 18 a 30 años. Como evidencias de validez se reportan las de contenido, estructura interna y relación con otras variables. Los jueces opinaron que el instrumento mide asuntos inconclusos y contribuyeron a precisar los ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio halló excelentes valores de ajuste para un modelo unidimensional de siete ítems, el cual se relaciona de manera directa con conductas rumiativas (reproches y reflexión) e inversa con satisfacción con la vida. Asimismo, se encontró un nivel adecuado de confiablidad por consistencia interna. Se discute el valor teórico de los hallazgos, se reconocen las limitaciones y se recomienda el uso del instrumento en investigaciones y en la práctica profesional.

In Gestalt Psychotherapy, unfinished business is conceived as a set of past experiences that interrupt the present in order to achieve closure or completion. We sought to develop the Unfinished Business Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The instrument was administered to 247 university students in Lima, of both sexes and ages between 18 to 30 years old. As evidence of validity, the content, internal structure and relationship with other variables are reported. The judges were of the opinion that the instrument measures unfinished situations and they contributed to specify the items. The confirmatory factor analysis found excellent adjustment values for a one-dimensional model of seven items, which is directly related to ruminative behaviors (reproaches and reflection) and inverse with life satisfaction. Likewise, an acceptable level of reliability was found for internal consistency. The theoretical value of the findings is discussed; limitations are recognized and the use of the test in research and professional practice is recommended.

The German PCL-5: evaluating structural validity in a large-scale sample of the general German population.

Background: In attempts to elucidate PTSD, recent factor analytic studies resulted in complex models with a proliferating number of factors that lack psychometrical and clinical utility. Recently, suggestions have been made to optimize factor analytic practices to meet a refined set of statistical and psychometric criteria.Objective: This study aims to assess the factorial structure of the German version of the PCL-5, implementing recent methodological advancements to address the risk of overfitting models. In doing so we diverge from traditional factor analytical research on PTSD.Method: On a large-scale sample of the German general population (n = 1625), exploratory factor analyses were run to investigate the dimensionality found within the data. Subsequently, we validated and compared all model suggestions from our preliminary analyses plus all standard and common alternative PTSD factor models (including the ICD-11 model) from previous literature with confirmatory factor analyses. We not only consider model fit indices based on WLSMV estimation but also deploy criteria such as favouring less complex models with a parsimonious number of factors, sufficient items per factor, low inter-factor correlations and number of model misspecifications.Results: All tested models showed adequate to excellent fit in respect to traditional model fit indices; however, models with two or more factors increasingly failed to meet other statistical and psychometric criteria.Conclusion: Based on the results we favour a two-factor bifactor model with a strong general PTSD factor and two less dominant specific factors - one factor with trauma-related symptoms (re-experiencing and avoidance) and one factor with global psychological symptoms (describing the trauma's higher-order impact on mood, cognition, behaviour and arousal).From the perspective of clinical utility, we recommend the cut-off scoring method for the German version of the PCL-5. Basic psychometric properties and scale characteristics are provided.

We contribute new insights to the debate on the factor structure of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) based on a large German general population sample deploying the newest methodological developments in a revised factor-analytical approach.Combining theoretical, statistical and practical considerations, we favour a two-factor bifactor model with a strong general PTSD factor and two less dominant specific factors ­ one factor with trauma-related symptoms and one factor with global psychological symptoms.For clinical practitioners, we recommend using the cut-off scoring method.

Validation of the Short-Facebook Jealousy Scale among Colombian Men and Women

Social networks, particularly Facebook, influence romantic relationships, as they can generate jealousy and conflict between members of the couple. The Facebook Jealousy Scale (FJS) is an instrument that assesses jealousy about using Facebook, but no similar instrument is available in Colombia. The main aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the FJS in a Colombian sample of 485 men and 727 women. Participants answered the socio-demographic questionnaire, the adaptation of the Facebook Jealousy Scale, Romantic Partner Conflict Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Romantic Jealousy Scale. The final version of the FJS was made up of 15 items which were distributed across three dimensions: Partner's Activity, Partner's Surveillance, Partner's Romantic and Sexual relationship. Ordinal's alpha values from its three factors ranged between .90 and .95. Concurrent validity was also provided, as the measure was associated with dimensions from partner conflict, self-esteem, and romantic jealousy. An invariance test by gender was also performed, resulting in compliance with metric invariance. Therefore, the FJS is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers who work on issues related to romantic relationships. Research analyzing Facebook jealousy provides an interesting indicator of couple's monitoring and controlling behaviors, which are features of psychological abuse, a subtype of intimate partner violence.

Las redes sociales, particularmente Facebook, influyen en las relaciones sentimentales, ya que pueden generar celos y conflictos entre los miembros de la pareja. La Escala de Celos de Facebook (FJS) es un instrumento que evalúa los celos por el uso de Facebook, y no hay ningún instrumento similar disponible en Colombia. El objetivo principal fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas del FJS en una muestra colombiana de 485 hombres y 727 mujeres. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la adaptación de la Escala de Celos de Facebook, la Escala de Conflicto de Pareja Romántica, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Celos Románticos. La versión final de la FJS estuvo conformada por 15 ítems que, a su vez, conformaron tres dimensiones: Actividad de la pareja, Vigilancia de la pareja, Relación romántica y sexual de la pareja. Los valores de alfa ordinal de los tres factores oscilaron entre .90 y .95. También se demostró validez concurrente con otras dimensiones relacionadas con conflicto en la pareja, autoestima y celos románticos. El análisis de invarianza según género resultó en un nivel de invarianza métrica. El FJS es una medida que puede ser útil para la práctica clínica y los investigadores que trabajan en temas relacionados con las relaciones románticas. La investigación que analice los celos asociados al Facebook ofrecerá un interesante indicador de la supervisión en el contexto de pareja y las conductas de control, elementos clave del abuso psicológico, un subtipo de la violencia de pareja.

Psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Dominican Republic adolescents

Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.

Introducción: Este trabajo supone el primer intento de obtener evidencias de validez de un cuestionario de intención emprendedora en adolescentes en un país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Tiene como objetivos reportar la estructura interna, fiabilidad, validez externa y probar la invarianza de género del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en su adaptación para adolescentes. Método: La muestra está formada por 708 adolescentes de República Dominicana con una media edad de 15.49, un 65.2% de mujeres y un 35.8% hombres. Los análisis incluyeron análisis factorial confirmatorio, resultados de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega para la fiabilidad, correlaciones y una rutina de invarianza por género. Finalmente se compararon las medias latentes de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El análisis factorial mostró un buen ajuste a los datos y los resultados de fiabilidad fueron adecuados. Además, las correlaciones con la Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó satisfactoriamente la invarianza estricta por género. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor norma subjetiva, las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención emprendedora. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para que sea de utilidad en las investigaciones sobre la promoción del emprendimiento en etapas tempranas.

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): An update of the literature and instrumental study with schoolchildren

Introduction: Considering the current controversy regarding the factorial structure of the SDQ, this paper aimed to analyse the dimensionality and reliability of the parents' version for children from 4 to 16 years of age, and to present descriptive data according to sociodemographic variables. Method: The factor structure of the original five- and three-factor models, and the reliability of the SDQ were examined among a sample of 621 parents of Uruguayan children between 7 and 12 years of age (52% girls) from different socioeconomic levels. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses did not provide support for the five- and three-factor models. Data adjusted to three factors (prosociality, externalising symptoms, internalising symptoms) in an exploratory analysis with adequate reliability indices. Conclusions: The results of this study show the relevance of continued investigation of the SDQ internal structure, and further analysis of the behaviour of several of its items.

Introducción: Considerando la controversia vigente respecto a la estructura factorial del SDQ, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la validez de constructo y fiabilidad de la versión para padres de niños de 4 a 16 años y presentar datos descriptivos según variables sociodemográficas. Método: Se examinó la estructura factorial de los modelos originales de cinco y tres factores y la fiabilidad del SDQ en una muestra de 621 padres de niños uruguayos entre 7 y 12 años (52 % niñas) de distintos niveles socioeconómicos. Resultados: Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios no pudieron dar apoyo a los modelos de cinco y tres factores. Los datos se ajustaron a tres factores (prosocialidad, síntomas externalizantes y síntomas internalizantes) en un análisis exploratorio con adecuados índices de fiabilidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio muestran la pertinencia de continuar investigando la estructura interna del SDQ y analizar con mayor profundidad el comportamiento de algunos de sus ítems.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de prosocialidad de Caprara et al. (2005) en Colombia

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de prosocialidad de Caprara et al. (2005) en Colombia, tomando como referencia su adaptación con estudiantes chilenos (Mieres-Chacaltana et al., 2020), dada la reciente relevancia investigativa que ha tenido el comportamiento prosocial en los escenarios educativos y sociales y la ausencia de un instrumento que evalúe este constructo en adolescentes colombianos. Método: Se realizó un análisis de confiabilidad, análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Participaron 501 estudiantes universitarios de dos Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ubicadas en los departamentos de Magdalena y Tolima con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 18 años (M=17,12 años, DE=0,766), que voluntariamente decidieron vincularse a esta investigación. Resultados: La validez de constructo se estableció mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y ajuste del modelo con límites estándares de aceptación: RMSEA=0,070, CFI = 0,923 y TLI = 0,905. El análisis de consistencia de fiabilidad evidenció un índice adecuado de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach (α=0,880). Conclusiones: Este instrumento presenta propiedades psicométricas que lo constituyen en una adecuada herramienta para evaluar la prosocialidad en adolescentes colombianos. Su relevancia radica en que permite el empleo de una escala normalizada para Colombia con el fin de medir la prevalencia de comportamientos prosociales reportados por esta población y se une a otras validaciones para poblaciones latinoamericanas ampliando las posibilidades de estudiar este constructo en relación con otras variables propias de la región.

Objective: The present study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the prosociality scale of Caprara et al. (2005) in Colombia, taking as a reference its adaptation with Chilean students (Mieres-Chacaltana et al., 2020), given the recent research relevance that prosocial behavior has had in educational and social settings and the absence of an instrument that evaluates this construct in Colombian adolescents. Method: A reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. 501 university students from two Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) located in the departments of Magdalena and Tolima with ages between 15 and 18 years old (M=17,12 years, SD=0,766) participated, who voluntarily decided to join this research. Results: Construct validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis and model adjustment with standard acceptance limits: RMSEA=0,070, CFI=0,923, and TLI=0,905. The reliability consistency analysis showed an adequate Cronbach's Alpha reliability index (α=0,880). Conclusions: This instrument presents psychometric properties that make it an adequate tool to assess prosociality in Colombian adolescents. Its relevance lies in the fact that it makes it possible to measure the prevalence of prosocial behaviors reported by this population and broadens the possibilities of studying this construct in relation to other variables.

Propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos de mensuração de agency: uma revisão sistemática

A capacidade de agência, relacionada à percepção de protagonismo na tomada de decisões sobre a própria vida, já apresenta um histórico de investigações a partir de estudos empíricos, mas ainda existem indefinições conceituais e de mensuração do fenômeno, em que são observadas simplificações e generalizações do construto. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura é analisar as propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos de mensuração da agência pessoal. Executou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura com buscas em seis bases de dados brasileiras e internacionais de publicações até 2020. Dos 55 documentos analisados, identificaram-se 23 instrumentos com essa proposta. Observaram-se fragilidades no tocante à robustez das propriedades psicométricas apresentadas, já que a maior parte se limita à validade de estrutura interna. As validades convergente e divergente são pouco exploradas. Não foi identificado um instrumento de mensuração da agência com validade estatística para o contexto brasileiro, pois encontrou-se apenas um instrumento com validação semântica. O desenvolvimento de um instrumento adaptado para o contexto brasileiro é a principal recomendação para estudos futuros.

La capacidad de agencia, relacionada con la percepción de protagonismo en la toma de decisiones sobre la propia vida, presenta un historial de investigaciones basadas en estudios empíricos, pero aún existen incertidumbres conceptuales y de medición del fenómeno en las que se hacen simplificaciones y generalizaciones del concepto. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos de medición de la agencia personal. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática con búsquedas en seis bases de datos brasileñas e internacionales hasta 2020. De los 55 documentos analizados, se identificaron 23 instrumentos con esta propuesta. Se observaron debilidades en cuanto a la robustez de las propiedades psicométricas presentadas, ya que la mayoría se limita a la validez de la estructura interna. La validez convergente y divergente son poco exploradas. No se identificó un instrumento de medición de agencia que tenga validez estadística para el contexto brasileño, ya que solo se encontró un instrumento con validación semántica. El desarrollo de un instrumento adaptado al contexto brasileño es la principal recomendación para futuros estudios.

Agency capacity, related to the perception of protagonism on making decisions about one's own life, currently presents a previous record of investigations based on empirical studies, but there is still a lack of definition around the concept and the measurement of the phenomenon, considering the simplifications and generalizations observed. With that in mind, the goal of this systematic literature review is to analyze the psychometric properties of instruments for measuring personal agency. A systematic literature review was carried out with searches in six Brazilian and international databases on publications from up to 2020. We identified 23 instruments with this proposal, from the 55 documents analyzed. There were fragilities regarding the robustness of the presented psychometric properties, since most of them are limited to the internal structure validity. The convergent and divergent validities are little explored. An agency measurement instrument with statistical validation for the Brazilian context was not identified, only one instrument with semantic validation was found. The development of an instrument adapted to the Brazilian context is the main recommendation for future studies.

Adaptation and validation of the Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) among Brazilian psychologists and psychology students

This study aimed to: (i) Translate, adapt, and evaluate the linguistic and semantic properties of the Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) for use among psychology students and psychologists in Brazil; (ii) Assess the psychometric attributes of the adapted PCES, including its construct validity and other related psychometric properties. A total of 2,139 participants, comprising psychologists and psychology students (M age = 25.36 years; SD = 9.46), partook in this study. The PCES exhibited commendable fit indices (CFI = .990; TLI = .989; SMR = .043), and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed a consistent level of invariance between students and practicing psychologists, as well as between male and female participants. Network analysis offered significant insights into the distribution of factors, while the convergent validity of PCES was corroborated by its correlations with the subscales of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS). These findings unequivocally affirm the reliability and suitability of PCES as an assessment instrument for both psychologists and psychology students in the Brazilian context.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: (i) traducir, adaptar y evaluar las propiedades lingüísticas y semánticas del Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) para su uso en estudiantes de psicología y psicólogos en Brasil; (ii) evaluar los atributos psicométricos del PCES adaptado, incluyendo su validez de constructo y otras propiedades psicométricas relacionadas. Un total de 2139 participantes, que incluyen psicólogos y estudiantes de psicología (M edad = 25.36 años; DE = 9.46), participaron del estudio. El PCES exhibió índices de ajuste encomiables (CFI = .990; TLI = .989; SMR = .043) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo reveló un nivel consistente de invarianza para estudiantes y psicólogos en ejercicio, así como entre participantes masculinos y femeninos. El análisis de red ofreció importantes perspicacias sobre la distribución de factores, mientras que la validez convergente del PCES fue corroborada por sus correlaciones con las subescalas de la Escala General de Autoeficacia Percibida (EGAP). Estos hallazgos afirman de manera inequívoca la confiabilidad y adecuación del PCES como instrumento de evaluación tanto para psicólogos como para estudiantes de psicología en el contexto brasileño.

Este estudo teve como objetivo: (i) Traduzir, adaptar e avaliar as propriedades linguísticas e semânticas da Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) para uso entre estudantes de psicologia e psicólogos no Brasil; (ii) Avaliar os atributos psicométricos da PCES, incluindo sua validade de construto e outras propriedades psicométricas relacionadas. Um total de 2.139 participantes, incluindo psicólogos e estudantes de psicologia (M idade = 25,36 anos; DP = 9,46), participaram deste estudo. A PCES apresentou índices de ajuste admiráveis (CFI = 0,990; TLI = 0,989; SMR = 0,043) e a análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo revelou um nível consistente de invariância entre estudantes e psicólogos em exercício, assim como entre participantes do sexo masculino e feminino. A análise de rede ofereceu insights significativos sobre a distribuição de fatores, enquanto a validade convergente da PCES foi corroborada por suas correlações com as subescalas da Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (AEGP). Esses achados afirmam de forma inequívoca a confiabilidade e adequação da PCES como instrumento de avaliação tanto para psicólogos quanto para estudantes de psicologia no contexto brasileiro.

Tradução, evidências de validade e fiabilidade da versão brasileira da Fear of Missing Out Scale

O Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), descrito como um desconforto causado pela sensação de estar excluído ou não participar de atividades nas quais os colegas estejam envolvidos, é analisado neste estudo. A Escala FoMO, composta por 10 itens, é empregada para mensurar os níveis desse sentimento. O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em realizar a tradução, adaptação e validação da Fear of Missing Out Scale para o cenário brasileiro. Para alcançar esse propósito, o estudo seguiu duas etapas metodológicas distintas: a primeira diz respeito à tradução e adaptação, enquanto a segunda abrangeu a aplicação da escala, acompanhada da análise das evidências de validade de conteúdo e construto. Na primeira fase, o processo compreendeu a tradução propriamente dita, seguida pela tradução reversa e subsequente avaliação por parte de especialistas e do público-alvo. Já na segunda etapa, conduziu-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) utilizando o software Factor, que envolveu 646 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 63 anos (M = 32,60; DP = 11,84). A análise fatorial exploratória apontou para a presença de uma única dimensão na escala, em concordância com a estrutura original da mesma. Além disso, o estudo apresentou duas formas de evidência de validade para o instrumento, considerando sua aplicação inédita no contexto brasileiro. A possibilidade de utilizar a escala nesse cenário possibilita a realização de estudos transculturais abordando esse tema.

Se examina en este estudio el fenómeno del Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), caracterizado por la angustia causada por la percepción de estar excluido o no participar en actividades en las que están involucrados los compañeros. Se utiliza la Escala FoMO, compuesta por 10 ítems, para medir los niveles de este sentimiento. La investigación tuvo como objetivo traducir, adaptar y validar la Escala Fear of Missing Out para el contexto brasileño. Para lograr este objetivo, el estudio siguió dos etapas metodológicas distintas: la primera se refirió a la traducción y adaptación, mientras que la segunda abarcó la aplicación de la escala, acompañada de un análisis de la validez de contenido y de constructo. En la fase inicial, el proceso involucró la traducción en sí, seguida de la retrotraducción y la evaluación posterior por parte de expertos y del público objetivo. Avanzando a la segunda etapa, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) utilizando el software Factor, que incluyó a 646 participantes de entre 18 y 63 años (M = 32.60; DE = 11.84). El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló la presencia de una única dimensión en la escala, en línea con la estructura original. Además, el estudio proporcionó dos formas de evidencia de validez para el instrumento, considerando su novedosa aplicación en el contexto brasileño. La capacidad de utilizar esta escala en este escenario abre la puerta a estudios transculturales que abordan este tema.

The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon, characterized by the distress caused by the perception of being excluded or not participating in activities in which peers are involved, is examined in this study. The FoMO Scale, comprising 10 items, is employed to measure the levels of this sentiment. The research aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Fear of Missing Out Scale for the Brazilian context. To achieve this objective, the study followed two distinct methodological stages: the first pertained to translation and adaptation, while the second encompassed the scale's application, accompanied by an analysis of content and construct validity evidence. In the initial phase, the process involved the translation itself, followed by back-translation and subsequent evaluation by experts and the target audience. Moving on to the second stage, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the Factor software, involving 646 participants aged between 18 and 63 years (M = 32.60; SD = 11.84). The exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a single dimension in the scale, in line with the original structure. Furthermore, the study provided two forms of valid evidence for the instrument, considering its novel application in the Brazilian context. The ability to utilize this scale in this scenario opens the door to cross-cultural studies addressing this theme.

[Adaptation and validation of the MoVac-flu scale on motivation towards the flu vaccine]. / Adaptación y validación de la escala MoVac-flu sobre motivación hacia la vacuna de la gripe.

OBJECTIVE: To translate, adapt and validate the psychometric properties of MoVac-flu scale in order to be used in Spanish. METHOD: The present research was an analytical observational study of cross-cultural adaptation and validation into Spanish of the MoVac-flu scale. It has been carried out between the months of March and July 2022. The sample size was 142 people who were obtained by consecutive sampling. The processes used for the adaptation have been translation, validation by a committee of experts, back-translation and pilot test. For validation, the psychometric properties of reliability, internal consistency, appearance validity, content validity, utility and ceiling-floor effect have been verified. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the MoVac-flu scale in its version translated into Spanish was high, showing a McDonald's ω of 0.914. CONCLUSIONS: The MoVac-flu scale in Spanish allows to measure the degree of motivation towards vaccination against influenza in the adult population.

The religious faith item of the Spanish Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and its Short Form (PTGI-SF): challenges and solutions.

Background: The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and its Short Form (PTGI-SF) are two instruments highly used in research on posttraumatic growth. They include a religious growth item that has been demonstrated to be problematic in cultures that are not very religious. Previous research has addressed this issue in other countries, but no attention has been paid to this critical problem in Spanish samples.Objective: Our aim is to address the psychometric issues presented by the religious growth item in Spain.Method: To do so, we reviewed several studies conducted with various populations in Spain.Results: The scores of the religious growth item in Spain present very low means and standard deviations, as well as high skewness and kurtosis, all of which point to a floor effect. The item scores show low item-test correlations, and it has failed to load on a specific dimension in factor analyses, thus casting doubts about its validity.Conclusions: The inventory does not seem to work properly in its current form in Spain. The inappropriateness of the item measuring religious growth in Spain may be due to cultural reasons. We recommend using the PTGI expanded version (PTGI-X) instead of the PTGI and exploring the possible substitution of the religious growth item in the PTGI-SF for an alternative item. In both cases, ascertaining the psychometric properties of the scores in Spain will be necessary.

The religious growth item in the PTGI and the PTGI-SF show serious psychometric validity issues in Spain. The PTGI Expanded version (PTGI-X) should be used instead of the PTGI in Spain. For the PTGI-SF, the religious item needs to be substituted.

Validación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala breve de estrategias resilientes en adultos colombianos / Validation of the psychometric properties of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) in Colombian adults

Resumen La resiliencia es la competencia de afrontamiento y adaptación a las condiciones estresantes que puede experimentar una persona. Se puede expresar a través de varias estrategias como el optimismo, la perseverancia, la creatividad y el crecimiento positivo frente a la adversidad. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Breve de Estrategias Resilientes (BRCS) en población adulta colombiana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 456 adultos colombianos (41.7 % hombres y 58.3 % mujeres) entre los 18 y los 86 años (M = 46.99). El coeficiente de fiabilidad para el puntaje total de las dos subescalas de la BRCS fue de .77. Se corroboró la validez del constructo a través de la bondad de ajuste del modelo de un factor y la correlación entre los cuatro ítems, por el que se confirmó la estructura del modelo propuesto por Sinclair y Wallston (2004). Se analizó la validez concurrente con medidas de afrontamiento religioso y personalidad Tipo D. Se efectuó un análisis de la discriminación de los reactivos a través del coeficiente de correlación biserial, que indicó que las correlaciones del ítem con la escala total tienen un nivel de discriminación excelente, con valores entre .740 y .807. Los resultados muestran correlaciones significativas entre la resiliencia y el afrontamiento religioso positivo, índices de confiabilidad interna aceptables y consistencia interna, dados los índices del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se concluye que la evidencia sugiere que la escala BRCS es un instrumento válido y confiable para la evaluación de la capacidad de resiliencia en adultos colombianos.

Abstract Resilience is the ability to cope and adapt to stressful situations that a person may experience. This ability can be expressed through several strategies such as optimism, perseverance, creativity, and positive growth from adversity. Considering the few studies on this subject in the Latin American context and, therefore, the difficulties in evaluating resilient strategies in adults, this research considered to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Brief Resilient Strategies Scale (BRCS). This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the "Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS)" in the Colombian adult population. The sample consisted of 456 Colombian adults (41.7 % men and 58.3 % women) between 18 and 86 years old (M = 46.99). The reliability coefficient for the total score of the two BRCS subscales was .77. The construct validity was confirmed by goodness of fit results for applying a one-factor model to the scale and the correlation between the four items, confirming the structure of the model proposed by Sinclair y Wallston (2004), the initial solution of a factor was confirmed, with the same items loading the same factor and with factorial weights greater than .3. Likewise, all the values of the goodness of fit indices are within the accepted ranges for a good fit of the model. That is, the data fit the factorial model well. The concurrent validity was analyzed with measures of religious coping and type D personality. Positive correlations of the BRCS scale were found with positive religious coping of the RCOPE, indicating that a greater resilience, more expression of a sense of spirituality. In the same way, the BRCS scale correlates with the DS-14 scale, indicating that a greater resilience, less tendency to experience negative emotions such as dysphoria, tension, worry, irritability, and anger more extensively over time. In addition, the correlations indicated that a higher resilience, lower vulnerability to psychological stress with experiences of strong negative emotions and inhibition of their expression in interaction with other people. The results of the criterion validity suggest that people who use resilient strategies and religious coping are protective factors for the physical and mental health of the adult population, in such a way that people with higher levels of resilience may have a greater expression of a sense spiritual. Likewise, the most resilient subjects use variables such as satisfaction with life, humor, perceived personal competence, optimism, among others, indicative of a heightened sense of internal coherence. Also, the subjects who demonstrated greater resilience capacity were less vulnerable to experiencing negative affect and social inhibition. In general terms, these results suggest that the use of resilient strategies is related to constructs that are theoretically expected from a clinical and mental health perspective. The results show significant correlations between resilience and positive religious coping, acceptable internal reliability indices and internal consistency given the confirmatory factor analysis indices. An item discrimination analysis was performed through the biserial correlation coefficient, the correlations of the item with the total scale have an excellent level of discrimination, with values between .740 and .807. For data analysis, IBM SPSS Software®, Version 25, the R for Statistical Computing program (R Project, 2019) and LISREL 8.80 was used. The evidence suggests that the BRCS scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing resilience capacity in Colombian adults. In general, it was found that the BRCS has good psychometric properties in the various countries where it has been evaluated, for all the population groups analyzed, with only significant differences between men and women.

DERSR-B. A Brief Scale for Detection of Emotional Dysregulation Risk / DERSR-B. Una Escala Breve para la Detección del Riesgo de Desregulación Emocional

Abstract Emotional dysregulation (ED) is related to problems in understanding, perceiving, and regulating emotions. The aim is to find the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures ED and classifies the high/low ED group membership with the least possible error. For statistical purposes (factor analysis), two independent samples of males and females (n1 = 476) and (n2 = 562) were obtained, with ages sample 1 (15 -19 years; M= 15.8; SD=0.71) and sample 2 (15-19 years; M=15.6; SD= 0.69). Three factors were formed by sex, males with 14 items and females with 13 items, each loading on a single factor (total α=0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 females; α= 0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73 - 0.75 males) and good fit indices. In sum, a validated cut version instrument (DERSR-B), a risk screening instrument, was obtained.

Resumen La desregulación emocional (DE) se relaciona con problemas para comprender, percibir y regular las emociones. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento que mide DE y que clasifica con el menor error posible la pertenencia de grupo alto/bajo de DE se propuso como el objetivo de este estudio. Para propósitos estadísticos (análisis factoriales) se obtuvieron dos muestras independientes de hombres y mujeres (n1 = 476) y (n2 = 562) respectivamente, con edades para muestra 1 (15-19 años; M= 15.8; DE= 0.71) y muestra 2 (15-19 años; M=15.6; DE= 0.69). Se obtuvieron tres factores por sexo, hombres con 14 ítems y mujeres con 13 ítems cada uno cargando en un solo, un único factor (total α =0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 mujeres; α=0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73-0.75 hombres) y con índices de ajuste aceptables. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido en versión corta de detección rápida de riesgo de Desregulación Emocional (DERSR-B).

Spanish adaptation and validation of the empowerment of parents in the intensive care-neonatology (EMPATHIC-N) questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Parental satisfaction is rarely measured in the neonatal intensive care unit due to a lack of specific assessment tools. The Empowerment of Parents in The Intensive Care-Neonatology (EMPATHIC-N) questionnaire is an instrument to assess satisfaction in relation to family-centred care that has been validated in several countries, but not Spain. OBJECTIVES: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the EMPATHIC-N to Spanish followed by its validation for the purpose of assessing satisfaction in parents with children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The questionnaire first underwent forward and backward translation and transcultural adaptation by a panel of experts through a standardized process based on the Delphi method, followed by a pilot study in 8 parents and then a cross-sectional study in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital to assess the reliability and converging validity of the Spanish version. RESULTS: The study proved the comprehensibility, validity, feasibility, applicability and usefulness of the Spanish version of the EMPATHIC-N in the field of paediatric health after being evaluated by 19 professionals and 60 parents. The content validity was found to be excellent (0.93). The reliability and convergent validity of the Spanish version of the EMPHATIC-N was analysed in a sample of 65 completed questionnaires. The Cronbach α for each domain was greater than 0.7, indicating a high internal consistency. We assessed validity by analysing the correlation of the 5 domains with the with the 4 general satisfaction items. The validity was found to be adequate (rs, 0.4-0.76; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the EMPATHIC-N questionnaire is a comprehensible, useful, valid and reliable instrument to measure satisfaction in the parents of children admitted to neonatal care units.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of Spanish Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale.

INTRODUCTION: Pain anxiety is a psychological component that can regulate and modulate the experience of pain in children and adolescents. It can also have an impact on the outcomes of surgical procedures, chronic pain management and psychological interventions. The aim of our study was to translate the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) into Spanish and assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version. PATIENTS AND METHODS: First, the CPASS was translated according to international guidelines. Secondly, to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version, we conducted an analysis in a paediatric sample. A total of 160 children, 49.37% female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD, 2.3; range, 8-18 years) completed pain catastrophising, health-related quality of life, pain interference and pain intensity scales. We assessed the following psychometric properties: construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects and convergent validity (correlation of CPASS to the other completed questionnaires completed and with objective aspects of the health history). RESULTS: In the exploratory factor analysis, the final 18-item version (having excluded items 18 and 19) of the CPASS was the best fit, with all items included in the hypothetical construct and exhibiting optimal factor loadings. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the final 18-item, 4-factor model was adequate for the scale structure. We did not detect any floor or ceiling effects in the final version. Lastly, the results confirmed that the Spanish version has good internal consistency (Cronbach  α, 0.88) and an adequate convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Spanish CPASS exhibits good psychometric proprieties and it can be used to assess pain anxiety in the paediatric population.

Propiedades psicométricas de una tarea computarizada Stroop emocional caras y palabras

Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de una tarea computarizada de Stroop de reconocimiento emocional de caras y palabras en población colombiana. Método: La investigación fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, con un diseño de investigación instrumental de tipo psicométrico y de desarrollo tecnológico. La muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 1172 participantes (56,6 % mujeres, 43,4 % hombres), con edades entre 18 a 25 años quienes ingresaban a un dominio para contestar la tarea después de leer y aceptar el consentimiento. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una consistencia interna favorable con un KR-20=0,853 y un coeficiente Omega de McDonald=0,859, una validez de constructo, a partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio, que presenta una estructura de seis factores y explica un 50,32 % de la varianza; además, de una validez convergente con un coeficiente de correlación Spearman positivo de 0,522 %; los índices de confiabilidad y validez obtenidos en el presente estudio hacen de esta versión computarizada una prueba que puede ser usada en el ámbito de la evaluación de procesos de atención, memoria de trabajo e inhibición en población adulta colombiana no clínica. Conclusiones: En conclusión, se observó efectivamente que la configuración del instrumento psicológico en un software informático optimiza la recolección de datos, pues hay más precisión en la medición de latencias de respuestas, así mismo facilita el análisis de los datos.

Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of a computerized Stroop task of emotional recognition of faces and words in a Colombian population. Method: The research was quantitative in nature with an instrumental design of a psychometric type and technological development. The sample was selected for convenience. It was made up of 1172 participants (56,6 % women, 43 % men) between 18 and 25 years of age. They entered a domain to answer the task after reading and giving consent. Results: The results showed a favorable internal consistency with a KR-20=0,853 and a McDonald's Omega coefficient=0,859. A construct validity was obtained from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis which presents a structure of six factors and explains 50,32 % of variance. In addition, it presents a convergent validity with a positive Spearman correlation coefficient of 0,522. The reliability and validity indices obtained in the present study make this computerized version a test that can be used in the field of evaluation of processes of attention, working memory and inhibition in non-clinical Colombian adult population. Discussions: In conclusion, it was effectively observed that the configuration of the psychological instrument in computer software optimizes data collection since there is more precision in the measurement of response latencies, as well as facilitating data analysis.

Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas de uma tarefa Stroop computadorizada de reconhecimento emocional de rostos e palavras em uma população colombiana. Metologia: A pesquisa era de natureza quantitativa, com um projeto de pesquisa instrumental de tipo psicométrico e de desenvolvimento tecnológico. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e consistiu de 1172 participantes (56,6 % mulheres, 43,4 % homens), com idades entre 18 e 25 anos, que entraram em um domínio para responder à tarefa após a leitura e aceitação do termo de consentimento. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostram uma consistência interna favorável com um coeficiente KR-20=0,853 e McDonald's Omega = 0,859, A validade da construção foi obtida a partir de uma análise exploratória de fatores e análise confirmativa de Fatores, que apresenta uma estrutura de seis fatores e explica 50,32 % da variação, e validade convergente com um coeficiente de correlação Spearman positivo de 0,522. Os índices de confiabilidade e validade obtidos no presente estudo fazem desta versão computadorizada um teste que pode ser usado na avaliação da atenção, memória de trabalho e processos de inibição na população adulta colombiana não-clínica. Conclusões: Em conclusão, foi realmente observado que a configuração do instrumento psicológico em um software de computador otimiza a coleta de dados, pois há maior precisão na medição das latências de resposta, além de facilitar a análise dos dados.

Adaptación y validación argentina de la Cross Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale / Argentinean Adaptation and Validation of the Cross-Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale

Resumen El estudio de la confianza interpersonal es crucial para el desarrollo psicosocial humano. Se ha observado que, durante la niñez, favorece el comportamiento moral y prosocial, los vínculos de amistad, la competencia social, la experiencia de emociones positivas y el rendimiento académico, entre otros aspectos. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo adaptar y validar la Cross Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), a fin de poder evaluar este constructo en población argentina. La muestra incluyó 348 niños (51.2 % mujeres; 48.8 % varones), de entre 8 y 12 años de edad (m = 10.58; DE = 1.31), quienes completaron la CCCTBS y una escala de apego. Se consiguió una versión conceptual y semánticamente equivalente a la original, con buenas propiedades psicométricas. La escala argentina conserva el mismo número de ítems y replica el modelo operacional de partida, constituido por tres bases principales de la confianza: fiabilidad (α = .76; ω = .80), confianza emocional (α = .72; ω = .78) y honestidad (α = .78; ω = .83). Las puntuaciones de la CCCTBS correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con la medida de apego seguro, lo que aporta evidencias de su validez nomológica.

Abstract The study of interpersonal trust is crucial for human psychological development. It has been observed that it enhances moral and prosocial behavior during childhood, as well as friendship bonds, social competence, experience of positive emotions and academic performance, among others. This research aimed to adapt and validate the Cross-Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), to assess this construct in the Argentine population. The sample included 348 children (51.2 % female; 48.8 % male) aged 8 to 12 years (m = 10.58; SD = 1.31), who completed the CCCTBS and an attachment scale. A version, conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original was obtained, with good psychometric properties. The Argentine scale retains the same number of items and replicates the starting operational model, consisting of three main bases of trust: reliability (α = .76; ω = .80), emotional trust (α = .72; ω = .78) and honesty (α = .78; ω = .83). The CCCTBS scores correlated positively and significantly with the secure attachment measure, providing evidence of its nomological validity.

Trauma exposure and psychometric properties of the life events checklist among adults in South Africa.

Background: Trauma exposure is widespread and linked to chronic physical and mental health conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder. However, there are major gaps in our knowledge of trauma exposure in Africa and on the validity of instruments to assess potentially life-threatening trauma exposure.Objective: The Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5 (LEC-5) is a free, widely used questionnaire to assess traumatic events that can be associated with psychopathology. As part of a case-control study on risk factors for psychosis spectrum disorders, we used the LEC-5 to examine the frequency of traumatic events and to assess the questionnaire's factor structure in South Africa (N = 6,765).Method: The prevalence of traumatic events was measured by individual items on the LEC-5 across the study sample, by case-control status, and by sex. Cumulative trauma burden was calculated by grouping items into 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 traumatic event types. Psychometric properties of the LEC-5 were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.Results: More than 92% of the study sample reported experiencing ≥1 traumatic event; 38.7% reported experiencing ≥4 traumatic event types. The most endorsed item was physical assault (65.0%), followed by assault with a weapon (50.2%). Almost 94% of cases reported ≥1 traumatic event compared to 90.5% of controls (p < .001) and 94% of male participants reported ≥1 traumatic event compared to 89.5% of female participants (p < .001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses of three models found that a 7-factor model based on the South African Stress and Health survey was the best fit (standardized root mean square residual of 0.024, root mean square error of approximation of 0.029, comparative fit index of 0.910).Conclusion: Participants reported very high exposure to traumatic events. The LEC-5 has good psychometric priorities and is adequate for capturing trauma exposure in South Africa.

Trauma exposure was extremely prevalent in this South African sample, with less than 8% of participants reporting zero exposure to traumatic events.This was the first time the factor structure of the LEC-5 was assessed in South Africa.A confirmatory factor analysis using a 7-factor model based on a previous study of trauma exposure, the South African Stress and Health study (SASH), was the best fit for the LEC-5.