RESUMO
Myriocin is an inhibitor of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. In this research, we showed myriocin could significantly reduce Mtb burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant increase in gene expression of PLIN2/CD36/CERT1 after myriocin treatment. The reduced bactericidal burden was only reversed after silencing the lipid droplets (LDs) surface protein PLIN2. This suggests that myriocin enhances the ability of macrophages to clear Mtb depending on the PLIN2 gene, which is part of the PPARγ pathway. Indeed, we observed a significant increase in the number of LDs following myriocin treatment.IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to reprogram host cell lipid metabolism and alter the antimicrobial functions of infected macrophages. The sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are the primary host lipids utilized by the bacteria, making the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system critical in Mtb infections. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial effect of myriocin was found to be independent of its role in reducing ceramides, but instead, it depends on the lipid droplets surface protein PLIN2. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for how myriocin enhances Mtb clearance in macrophages.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Macrófagos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Perilipina-2 , Animais , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Perilipina-2/genética , Perilipina-2/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , FemininoRESUMO
Metabolic reprogramming mediates antibiotic efficacy. However, metabolic adaptation of microbes evolving from antibiotic sensitivity to resistance remains undefined. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics was conducted to unveil relevant metabolic reprogramming and potential intervention targets involved in gentamicin resistance. In total, 61 metabolites and 52 metabolic pathways were significantly altered in gentamicin-resistant E. coli. Notably, the metabolic reprogramming was characterized by decreases in most metabolites involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and accumulation of building blocks for nucleotide synthesis in gentamicin-resistant E. coli. Meanwhile, fatty acid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were also significantly altered in gentamicin-resistant E. coli. Additionally, glycerol, glycerol-3-phosphate, palmitoleate, and oleate were separately defined as the potential biomarkers for identifying gentamicin resistance in E. coli. Moreover, palmitoleate and oleate could attenuate or even abolished killing effects of gentamicin on E. coli, and separately increased the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin against E. coli by 2 and 4 times. Furthermore, palmitoleate and oleate separately decreased intracellular gentamicin contents, and abolished gentamicin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, indicating involvement of gentamicin metabolism and redox homeostasis in palmitoleate/oleate-promoted gentamicin resistance in E. coli. This study identifies the metabolic reprogramming, potential biomarkers and intervention targets related to gentamicin resistance in bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Gentamicinas , Ácido Oleico , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Gentamicinas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Ácido Oleico/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Metabolômica/métodos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the plasma of pregnant women with hyperglycemia, potentially inducing oxidative stress and fetal developmental abnormalities. Although intrauterine hyperglycemia has been implicated in excessive fetal growth, the effects of maternal AGEs on fetal development remain unclear. We evaluated the differentiation regulators and cellular signaling in the skeletal muscles of infants born to control mothers (ICM), diabetic mothers (IDM), and diabetic mothers supplemented with either cis-palmitoleic acid (CPA) or trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species levels, and myotube formation were assessed in AGE-exposed C2C12 cells to explore potential mitigation by CPA and TPA. Elevated receptors for AGE expression and decreased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation were evident in rat skeletal muscles in IDM. Maternal palmitoleic acid supplementation alleviated insulin resistance by downregulating RAGE expression and enhancing Akt phosphorylation. The exposure of the C2C12 cells to AGEs reduced cell viability and myotube formation and elevated reactive oxygen species levels, which were attenuated by CPA or TPA supplementation. This suggests that maternal hyperglycemia and plasma AGEs may contribute to skeletal muscle disorders in offspring, which are mitigated by palmitoleic acid supplementation. Hence, the maternal intake of palmitoleic acid during pregnancy may have implications for fetal health.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Músculo Esquelético , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Ratos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Humanos , Fosforilação , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Gravidez em Diabéticas/metabolismo , Gravidez em Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This work describes a novel route for phospholipid fatty acid remodeling involving the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid. When administered to human monocytes, palmitoleic acid rapidly incorporates into membrane phospholipids, notably into phosphatidylcholine (PC). In resting cells, palmitoleic acid remains within the phospholipid pools where it was initially incorporated, showing no further movement. However, stimulation of the human monocytes with either receptor-directed (opsonized zymosan) or soluble (calcium ionophore A23187) agonists results in the rapid transfer of palmitoleic acid moieties from PC to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This is due to the activation of a coenzyme A-dependent remodeling route involving two different phospholipase A2 enzymes that act on different substrates to generate free palmitoleic acid and lysoPI acceptors. The stimulated enrichment of specific PI molecular species with palmitoleic acid unveils a hitherto-unrecognized pathway for lipid turnover in human monocytes which may play a role in regulating lipid signaling during innate immune activation.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Monócitos , Fosfatidilcolinas , Fosfatidilinositóis , Humanos , Monócitos/metabolismo , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Fosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositóis/metabolismoRESUMO
Nuclear hormone receptors exist in dynamic equilibrium between transcriptionally active and inactive complexes dependent on interactions with ligands, proteins, and chromatin. The present studies examined the hypothesis that endogenous ligands activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ß/δ (PPARß/δ) in keratinocytes. The phorbol ester treatment or HRAS infection of primary keratinocytes increased fatty acids that were associated with enhanced PPARß/δ activity. Fatty acids caused PPARß/δ-dependent increases in chromatin occupancy and the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) mRNA. Analyses demonstrated that stearoyl Co-A desaturase 1 (Scd1) mediates an increase in intracellular monounsaturated fatty acids in keratinocytes that act as PPARß/δ ligands. The activation of PPARß/δ with palmitoleic or oleic acid causes arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle of HRAS-expressing keratinocytes that is not found in similarly treated HRAS-expressing Pparb/d-null keratinocytes. HRAS-expressing Scd1-null mouse keratinocytes exhibit enhanced cell proliferation, an effect that is mitigated by treatment with palmitoleic or oleic acid. Consistent with these findings, the ligand activation of PPARß/δ with GW0742 or oleic acid prevented UVB-induced non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, an effect that required PPARß/δ. The results from these studies demonstrate that PPARß/δ has endogenous roles in keratinocytes and can be activated by lipids found in diet and cellular components.
Assuntos
Queratinócitos , PPAR delta , PPAR beta , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR beta/metabolismo , PPAR beta/genética , Animais , Camundongos , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/genética , PPAR delta/metabolismo , PPAR delta/genética , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Proteína 4 Semelhante a Angiopoietina/metabolismo , Proteína 4 Semelhante a Angiopoietina/genética , Humanos , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Seabuckthorn pulp oil (SBO) is used in beauty products because of its rich lipophilic substances with high nutraceutical and cosmeceutical potential. However, the mechanism through which SBO enhances skin elasticity remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the anti-photoaging activity of SBO in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Pretreatment with SBO significantly suppressed UV-B-induced cell toxicity and collagen degradation, suggesting that SBO contains anti-photoaging substances. Further, palmitoleic acid, the main component of SBO, maintained cell viability and collagen levels in UV-B-irradiated NHDF by suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and acted on the inhibition of p38 and JNK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. These findings suggest the utility of SBO as an anti-photoaging agent.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular , Fibroblastos , Hippophae , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz , Óleos de Plantas , Raios Ultravioleta , Humanos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/efeitos da radiação , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Hippophae/química , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Thymic carcinoma is a rare cancer type with limited treatment options. Our previous study demonstrated that statins, which inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can prevent thymic carcinoma. However, the mechanisms through which statins affect intracellular events in cancer cells are not well understood. The aim of the study was to determine how thymic carcinoma modulates the intracellular signals in response to statin administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed statin-induced protein phosphorylation in Ty82 human thymic carcinoma cells, which were cultured with fluvastatin, and protein phosphorylation was examined using western blotting. RESULTS: Treating Ty82 with fluvastatin led to ERK5 phosphorylation via protein prenylation attenuation. The antitumor effects of fluvastatin on thymic carcinoma were enhanced when combined with an ERK5 inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Statin therapy in combination with ERK5 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating thymic carcinoma.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Fluvastatina , Indóis , Proteína Quinase 7 Ativada por Mitógeno , Neoplasias do Timo , Fluvastatina/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias do Timo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Timo/patologia , Neoplasias do Timo/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteína Quinase 7 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 7 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Timoma/tratamento farmacológico , Timoma/patologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , AnimaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Targeting ferroptosis has been identified as a promising approach for the development of cancer therapies. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is a type of lipid that plays a crucial role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Ficolin 3 (FCN3) is a component of the complement system, serving as a recognition molecule against pathogens in the lectin pathway. Recent studies have reported that FCN3 demonstrates inhibitory effects on the progression of certain tumors. However, whether FCN3 can modulate lipid metabolism and ferroptosis remains largely unknown. METHODS: Cell viability, BODIPY-C11 staining, and MDA assay were carried out to detect ferroptosis. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and xenograft models were utilized to investigate the effect of FCN3 on the development of HCC in vivo. A metabonomic analysis was conducted to assess alterations in intracellular and HCC intrahepatic lipid levels. RESULTS: Our study elucidates a substantial decrease in the expression of FCN3, a component of the complement system, leads to MUFA accumulation in human HCC specimens and thereby significantly promotes ferroptosis resistance. Overexpression of FCN3 efficiently sensitizes HCC cells to ferroptosis, resulting in the inhibition of the oncogenesis and progression of both primary HCC and subcutaneous HCC xenograft. Mechanistically, FCN3 directly binds to the insulin receptor ß (IR-ß) and its pro-form (pro-IR), inhibiting pro-IR cleavage and IR-ß phosphorylation, ultimately resulting in IR-ß inactivation. This inactivation of IR-ß suppresses the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), which subsequently suppresses the transcription of genes related to de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and lipid desaturation, and consequently downregulates intracellular MUFA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which FCN3 enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to ferroptosis, indicating that targeting FCN3-induced ferroptosis is a promising strategy for HCC treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ferroptose , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Nervonic acid (NA) is a primary long-chain fatty acid and has been confirmed to have neuroprotective effects in neurologic diseases. Oxidative stress and neuronal damage are the main causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study mainly explored whether NA is involved in regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in MPTP-induced mouse model and MPP-induced cell model. Through behavior tests, we proved that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction in mice was recovered by NA treatment. NA can reduce MPTP-induced neuronal damage, manifested by elevated levels of TH and dopamine, as well as decreased levels of α-syn. In the in vitro model, we observed from CCK8 assay and flow cytometry that the induction of MPP markedly suppressed cell activity and enhanced cell apoptosis, but these functions were all reversed by NA. Furthermore, NA administration reversed the increase in ROS production and MDA levels induced by MPTP or MPP, as well as the decrease in SOD levels, suggesting the antioxidant properties of NA in PD. Meanwhile, we confirmed that NA can regulate oxidative stress and neuronal damage by activating the MEK/ERK pathway. Overall, we concluded that NA could alleviate MPTP-induced PD via MEK/ERK pathway.
Assuntos
Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , 1-Metil-4-Fenil-1,2,3,6-Tetra-Hidropiridina , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/metabolismo , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/patologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/uso terapêutico , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/tratamento farmacológico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is crucial for maintaining body weight homeostasis, and the role of dietary fatty acids in modulating DIT is essential. However, the underlying mechanism of fatty acid regulated diet-induced thermogenesis remains elusive. Utilizing the diet- and genetic ablation-induced obese mice models, we found that the C16 unsaturated fatty acids, trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA) and cis-palmitoleic acid (CPA), significantly increased the energy expenditure by promoting the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues and the production of beige cells in white adipose. As a result, there is a significant reduction in the occurrence of obesity, associated hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia. Notably, TPA exhibited more potent effects on promoting DIT and alleviating obesity than CPA did. Using inhibitor and gene deletion mice models, we unveiled that TPA acted as a signaling molecule to play a biological function, which could be sensed by the hypothalamic FFAR1 to activate the sympathetic nervous system in promoting adipose tissue thermogenesis. Together, these results demonstrate the underlying mechanism of free fatty acids associated-DIT and will provide fresh insights into the roles of trans-fatty acids in the development of obesity.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Hipotálamo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Transdução de Sinais , Termogênese , Animais , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta HiperlipídicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Exposure of adipocytes to 'cool' temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (Scd1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The goal of this study is to further investigate the roles of Scd in adipocytes. METHOD: In this study, we employed Scd1 knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological Scd1 inhibition to dissect the enzyme's function in adipocyte physiology. RESULTS: Our study reveals that production of monounsaturated lipids by Scd1 is necessary for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes and that with a Scd1-deficiency, autophagosomes accumulate. In addition, Scd1-deficiency impairs lysosomal and autolysosomal acidification resulting in vacuole accumulation and eventual cell death. Blocking autophagosome formation or supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids maintains vitality of Scd1-deficient adipocytes. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the indispensable role of Scd1 in adipocyte survival, with its inhibition in vivo triggering autophagy-dependent cell death and its depletion in vivo leading to the loss of bone marrow adipocytes.
Assuntos
Adipócitos , Autofagia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Camundongos Knockout , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/genética , Animais , Camundongos , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular , Células 3T3-L1 , Masculino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Autofagossomos/metabolismoRESUMO
SCOPE: Palmitoleic acid (POA) is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been suggested to improve metabolic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota plays a role in the amelioration of metabolic disorders by POA. This study aims to investigate the regulation of POA on metabolism, as well as systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice from the perspective of serum metabolome and gut microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to either a normal chow diet containing 1.9% w/w lard or an HFD containing 20.68% w/w lard or 20.68% w/w sea buckthorn pulp oil for 16 weeks. The study finds that POA significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. POA supplementation significantly alters the composition of serum metabolites, particularly lipid metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. POA obviously increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreases the abundance of Allobaculum. Importantly, the study finds that glycerophosphocholine mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on LDL-C, sphingomyelin mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on IL-6, and maslinic acid mediates the effect of Allobaculum on IL-6. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that exogenous POA can improve metabolic disorders and inflammation in HFD-fed mice, potentially by modulating the serum metabolome and gut microbiome.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Metabólicas , Masculino , Animais , Camundongos , Interleucina-6 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Firmicutes , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Chemical communication plays a vital role in mate attraction and discrimination among many insect species. Here, we document a unique example of semiochemical parsimony, where four chemicals act as both aphrodisiacs and anti-aphrodisiacs in different contexts in Bactrocera dorsalis. Specifically, we identified four female-specific semiochemicals, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl cis-9-hexadecenoate, and ethyl palmitate, which serve as aphrodisiacs to attract male flies and arouse male courtship. Interestingly, these semiochemicals, when sexually transferred to males during mating, can function as anti-aphrodisiacs, inhibiting the receptivity of subsequent female mates. We further showed that the expression of elongase11, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of these semiochemicals, is under the control of doublesex, facilitating the exclusive biosynthesis of these four semiochemicals in females and guaranteeing effective chemical communication. The dual roles of these semiochemicals not only ensure the attractiveness of mature females but also provide a simple yet reliable mechanism for female mate discrimination. These findings provide insights into chemical communication in B. dorsalis and add elements for the design of pest control programs.
Assuntos
Afrodisíacos , Tephritidae , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Feromônios/metabolismo , Corte , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Comportamento Sexual AnimalRESUMO
SCOPE: Olive oil, rapeseed oil, and lard are dietary fats rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, but the effects of dietary oils enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids on hepatic lipid deposition have seldom been compared. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are randomly divided into six groups and fed diets containing lard, rapeseed oil, or olive oil with a 10% or 45% fat energy supply for 16 weeks. Under high-fat conditions, serum total cholesterol levels in the lard and olive oil groups are significantly higher than those in the rapeseed oil group. Hepatic lipid content in the olive oil group is higher than that in the other two groups. Compared with rapeseed oil, lard increases the liver levels of arachidonic, palmitic, and myristic acids and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Olive oil increases the liver levels of docosatrienoic, arachidonic, oleic, and myristic acids; maltose; and fructose and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic, linolenic, and linoleic acids. CONCLUSION: Olive oil probably causes hepatic lipid deposition in mice, which may enhance hepatic lipid synthesis by activating the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. By contrast, rapeseed oil shows a significant anti-lipid deposition effect on the liver.
Assuntos
Colesterol , Glucose , Masculino , Animais , Camundongos , Azeite de Oliva/farmacologia , Óleo de Brassica napus , Glucose/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Transcriptoma , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Gorduras na Dieta , Fígado/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Mirísticos/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIM: When considered separately, long-term immediate-release niacin and fatty meals enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decrease postprandial triglycerides, but their effects on postprandial inflammation, which is common in individuals with metabolic syndrome, are less known. Moreover, successful combination is lacking and its impact on acute disorders of the innate immune cells in the metabolic syndrome remains unclear. Here, we aimed to establish the effects from combination with niacin of different fats [butter, enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), olive oil, enriched in MUFA, and olive oil supplemented with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids] on plasma inflammatory markers and circulating monocyte subsets, activation and priming at the postprandial period in individuals with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A random-order within-subject crossover experiment was performed, in which 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome and 16 age-matched healthy volunteers took 2 g immediate-release niacin together with the corresponding fatty meal or a meal with no fat as control. In total, 128 postprandial curves were analysed. We sampled hourly over 6 h for plasma concentrations of soluble inflammatory markers and triglycerides. Circulating monocyte subsets (CD14/CD16 balance), activation (CCL2/CCR2 axis) and priming (M1/M2-like phenotype) at the time of postprandial hypertriglyceridemic peak were also addressed. RESULTS: Dietary SFA (combined with niacin) promote postprandial excursions of circulating IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α and CD14/CCR2-rich monocytes with a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype, particularly in individuals with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, dietary MUFA (combined with niacin) postprandially increased circulating CD16-rich monocytes with an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype. Omega-3 PUFA did not add to the effects of MUFA. CONCLUSION: The co-administration of a single-dose of immediate-release niacin with a fatty meal rich in MUFA, in contrast to SFA, suppresses postprandial inflammation at the levels of both secretory profile and monocyte response in individuals with metabolic syndrome. These findings highlight a potential role of combining niacin and dietary MUFA for the homeostatic control of inflammation and the innate immune system, identifying a new search direction for the management of disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Niacina , Masculino , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Monócitos/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Niacina/metabolismo , Azeite de Oliva , Período Pós-Prandial , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , RefeiçõesRESUMO
Ferroptosis, a form of cell death mediated by lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various pathological processes. Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) can inhibit ferroptotic lipid peroxidation, the underlying structural mechanism of this antagonistic effect remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that MUFAs with different structures (including chain length, conformation, and double bond position) may affect their regulatory effect on ferroptosis. In this study, 11 MUFAs with varying structures were screened to identify those with an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. Results from 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assays indicated that only exogenous MUFAs with cis-conformation and centered double bond could inhibit ferroptosis. Meanwhile, it was found that suppressing the expression of SCD1 and SCD5 genes could sensitize cells to ferroptosis indicating the protective role of endogenous MUFA against ferroptosis. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that cis-MUFAs with centered double bond downregulated the protein levels of transferrin receptor 1. Flow cytometry confirmed that these MUFAs led to decreases in intracellular iron, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. It was also found that SCD1 inhibitor could enhance ferroptosis inducer-mediated tumor suppression both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these findings shed light on the particular structural features of MUFAs that contribute to their ferroptosis-resistant properties and suggest the potential therapeutic relevance of natural MUFAs in a range of ferroptosis-related diseases.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Ferroptose , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Regulação para Baixo , Morte Celular , Receptores da Transferrina/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Obesity is a recognized epidemic worldwide, and the accumulation of excess free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in cells induces cellular lipotoxic damage and increases the risk of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to combat SFA-induced cellular damage. However, the comparative studies of the two types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are still limited. We investigated the effects of different MUFAs and PUFAs in the human hepatocyte line L-02 cells in vitro, and in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice in vivo. The results of the in vitro study showed that SFAs induced significant cellular lipotoxic damage, but the combination of MUFAs/PUFAs with SFAs significantly improved the impaired cell viability. Particularly, oleic acid (OA) was superior to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in terms of its anti-apoptotic effect and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In vivo, both olive-oil-enriched (HFD + OO) and fish-oil-enriched high-fat diets (HFD + FO) reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. However, FO induced an abnormal increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and an increase in the oxidative stress indicator Malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver-targeted lipidomic analysis showed that liver lipid metabolites under the two types of UFA dietary interventions differed from the HFD group, modulating the abundance of some lipid metabolites such as triglycerides (TGs) and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the FO diet significantly increased the abundance of the associated FA 20:5 long-chain lipid metabolites, whereas the OO diet regulated the unsaturation of all fatty acids in general and increased the abundance of FA 18:1 in the overall lipid metabolites, especially TGs, which may primarily contribute to the FO, and OO drove protection in NAFLD.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Camundongos Obesos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fígado/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The impact of the dietary fat type on type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic ß-cell function, and glucose tolerance, as surrogate endpoints for T2D. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that replaced ≥5% of total energy intake provided by SFA with MUFA or PUFA and reported indexes of insulin sensitivity, ß-cell function, and/or glucose tolerance. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) up to 9 January, 2023. Eligible interventions had to be isocaloric, with no significant difference in other macronutrients. Data were synthesized using random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 6355 records identified, 10 parallel and 20 crossover trials with 1586 participants were included. The mean age of the participants was 42 years, 47% were male, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) was 26.8, median baseline fasting glucose was 5.13 mmol/L, and the median duration of interventions was 5 weeks. Replacing SFA with MUFA or PUFA had no significant effects on insulin sensitivity [standardized mean difference (SMD) SFA compared with MUFA: 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.06 to 0.09, I2 = 0% and SMD SFA compared with PUFA: 0, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.14, I2 = 0%]. Replacing SFA with MUFA did not significantly impact the ß-cell function, evaluated by the disposition index (mean difference: -12, 95% CI: -158 to 133, I2=0%). Evidence on glucose tolerance (SFA compared with MUFA or PUFA) and on ß-cell function when SFA were replaced with PUFA was scant. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term substitution of saturated with unsaturated fat does not significantly affect insulin sensitivity nor ß-cell function (the latter in the SFA compared with MUFA comparison). Future studies are needed to elucidate longer term effects of dietary fat saturation on glucose homeostasis. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020178382.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Glucose , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids on the risk of cardiovascular events remain controversial. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 4211 patients, aged 40 to 79 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018. The independent variables were saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The dependent variable was the 10-year risk of a first hard atherosclerotic cardiovascular event. The other variables were considered as the potential confounding factors. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings were used to evaluate the association between saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids and the 10-year risk. RESULTS: There was no association between dietary saturated fatty acids and 10-year risk after adjusting for all the potential confounding factors; 10-year risk decreased by 0.022% each 1-g increase in monounsaturated fatty acids intake from 0 to 153.772 g, and 0.025% each 1-g increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids intake from 0 to 98.323 g, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were both negatively correlated to 10-year risk in nondiabetes and non-high-low-density lipoprotein patients; monounsaturated fatty acids were also negatively associated with 10-year risk in hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between dietary saturated fatty acids and 10-year risk. Increased dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased 10-year risk, particularly in nondiabetes, non-high-low density lipoprotein patients.
Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta , Hipertensão , Humanos , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nervonic acid (C24:1∆15, 24:1 ω-9, cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid; NA), a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, plays an essential role in prevention of metabolic diseases, and immune regulation, and has anti-inflammatory properties. As a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) can affect the large intestine. The influences of NA on UC are largely unknown. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to decipher the anti-UC effect of NA in the mouse colitis model. Specifically, we wanted to explore whether NA can regulate the levels of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells and mouse colitis model. METHODS: To address the above issues, the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The therapeutic effects of NA for UC were evaluated using C57BL/6 mice gavaged dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) kit assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence assay, and LC-MS/MS were used to assess histological changes, MPO levels, inflammatory factors release, expression and distribution of intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-1, and metabolic pathways, respectively. The levels of proteins involved in the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in the UC were investigated by western blotting and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: In vitro experiments verified that NA could reduce inflammatory response and inhibit the activation of key signal pathways associated with inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Further, results from the mouse colitis model suggested that NA could restore intestinal barrier function and suppress NF-κB signal pathways to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis. In addition, untargeted metabolomics analysis of NA protection against UC found that NA protected mice from colitis by regulating citrate cycle, amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine and purine metabolism. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that NA could ameliorate the secretion of inflammatory factors, suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway, and protect the integrity of colon tissue, thereby having a novel role in prevention or treatment therapy for UC. This work for the first time indicated that NA might be a potential functional food ingredient for preventing and treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).