RESUMO
Fungi rarely cause infective endocarditis but when they do, they are often associated with poor outcomes. Candida tropicalis accounts for only 10% of Candida endocarditis cases. A case of a 30-year-old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse was reported to the emergency department in August, 2021 with right-sided leg pain and fever for 3 days. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram showed a vegetation on the aortic valve and a computed tomography angiogram showed complete nonopacification of the right-sided common iliac artery and the superficial femoral artery just distal to its branching of the right profunda femoris artery. An emergent right iliofemoral embolectomy was done. Candida tropicalis was isolated from tissue and blood cultures. The patient was successfully treated with aortic valve replacement and intravenous caspofungin. The other reported cases of Candida tropicalis were reviewed and findings were compared with those reported in patients with Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis endocarditis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Candida tropicalis , Candidíase , Endocardite , Humanos , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Adulto , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Candidíase/microbiologia , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite/microbiologia , Endocardite/diagnóstico , Endocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Caspofungina/uso terapêutico , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Embolectomia/métodos , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/microbiologia , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Artéria Femoral/microbiologia , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
In response to the growing global burden of fungal infections with uncertain impact, the World Health Organization (WHO) established an Expert Group to identify priority fungal pathogens and establish the WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List for future research. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the features and global impact of invasive candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting on criteria of mortality, morbidity (defined as hospitalization and disability), drug resistance, preventability, yearly incidence, diagnostics, treatability, and distribution/emergence from 2011 to 2021. Thirty studies, encompassing 436 patients from 25 countries were included in the analysis. All-cause mortality due to invasive C. tropicalis infections was 55%-60%. Resistance rates to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole up to 40%-80% were observed but C. tropicalis isolates showed low resistance rates to the echinocandins (0%-1%), amphotericin B (0%), and flucytosine (0%-4%). Leukaemia (odds ratio (OR) = 4.77) and chronic lung disease (OR = 2.62) were identified as risk factors for invasive infections. Incidence rates highlight the geographic variability and provide valuable context for understanding the global burden of C. tropicalis infections. C. tropicalis candidiasis is associated with high mortality rates and high rates of resistance to triazoles. To address this emerging threat, concerted efforts are needed to develop novel antifungal agents and therapeutic approaches tailored to C. tropicalis infections. Global surveillance studies could better inform the annual incidence rates, distribution and trends and allow informed evaluation of the global impact of C. tropicalis infections.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Candida tropicalis , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candidíase Invasiva/epidemiologia , Candidíase Invasiva/microbiologia , Candidíase Invasiva/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase Invasiva/mortalidade , Incidência , Saúde Global , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A 6-month-old male intact miniature Australian Shepherd presented for surgical consultation for a previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus. Echocardiogram revealed a patent ductus arteriosus and a hyperechoic oscillating lesion within the main pulmonary artery. Blood cultures and eventual post-mortem examination revealed Candida tropicalis endocarditis. This case report highlights a rare case of fungal endocarditis with both echocardiographic and post-mortem findings.
Assuntos
Candida tropicalis , Candidíase , Doenças do Cão , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/veterinária , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/complicações , Animais , Masculino , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Candidíase/veterinária , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Endocardite/veterinária , Endocardite/diagnóstico , Endocardite/microbiologia , Endocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Evolução FatalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk variables related to the types of candidemia for each patient, who was admitted into the intensive care unit regardless of the patient with or without complete diagnosis of COVID-19, during the period of March 2019 to December 2022. METHODS: The evaluation comparison of demographic and clinical data of COVID-19 positive and negative patients with candidemia confirmed in blood, 113 cases were assessed. Variables such as gender, age, age of hospitalization, history of hospitalization, concurrently infection, The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-II scores, comorbidity checking, intubation, central venous catheter use, parenteral nutrition use, steroid use, antibiotic use, lymphopenia, and laboratory variables were evaluated. Candida species distribution, antifungal susceptibility in blood culture were determined. RESULTS: Coronavirus disease-19 was present in 62.8% of cases confirmed candidemia, and these cases were significantly different from COVID-19 negative cases. Significance was found in more intubation, central venous catheter use, parenteral nutrition, and steroid therapy in Group 2. There was no significance with species distribution and associated infection. In total, COVID-19 positive had higher hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and white blood cell levels, which may be associated with the possibility of revealing and controlling candidemia. CONCLUSION: Candida albicans and Candida Parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) are the species seen in infected COVID-19 patients, while C. parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis are found in non-COVID-19 ones. Risk factors were intubation, parenteral nutrition, central venous catheter, and steroid in the COVID-19 group.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Candida , Candidemia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Humanos , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Masculino , Feminino , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Adulto , Nutrição Parenteral , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of candidemia among children in South Africa. METHODS: We conducted laboratory-based surveillance among neonates (≤28 days), infants (29 days to <1 year), children (1-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) with Candida species cultured from blood during 2012-2017. Identification and antifungal susceptibility of viable isolates were performed at a reference laboratory. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between Candida parapsilosis candidemia and 30-day mortality among neonates. RESULTS: Of 2996 cases, neonates accounted for 49% (n = 1478), infants for 27% (n = 806), children for 20% (n = 589) and adolescents for 4% (n = 123). The incidence risk at tertiary public sector hospitals was 5.3 cases per 1000 pediatric admissions (range 0.39-119.1). Among 2943 cases with single-species infections, C. parapsilosis (42%) and Candida albicans (36%) were most common. Candida auris was among the 5 common species with an overall prevalence of 3% (n = 47). Fluconazole resistance was more common among C. parapsilosis (55% [724/1324]) versus other species (19% [334/1737]) (P < 0.001). Of those with known treatment (n = 1666), 35% received amphotericin B deoxycholate alone, 32% fluconazole alone and 30% amphotericin B deoxycholate with fluconazole. The overall 30-day in-hospital mortality was 38% (n = 586) and was highest among neonates (43% [323/752]) and adolescents (43% [28/65]). Compared with infection with other species, C. parapsilosis infection was associated with a reduced mortality among neonates (adjusted odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.75, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Candidemia in this setting mainly affected neonates and infants and was characterized by fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis with no increased risk of death.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Criança Hospitalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Hemocultura , Candida/classificação , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida auris/isolamento & purificação , Candida glabrata/isolamento & purificação , Candida parapsilosis/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Candida is the common conditionally pathogenic fungus that infected human and animal clinically. C. tropicalis had been isolated from the skin and hair of healthy pigs, but with no report of fatal infection in gastrointestinal diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: In a pig farm in Henan Province of China, about 20 % of pregnant and postpartum sows suffered from severe gastrointestinal diseases, with a mortality rate higher than 60 % in the diseased animals. The sows had gastrointestinal symptoms such as blood in stool and vomiting. Necropsy revealed obvious gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal perforation, and intestinal hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, but no lesions in other organs. The microbial species in gastric samples collected from gastric ulcer of the diseased sows then was initially identified as Candida by using routine systems of microscopic examination, culture characteristics on the medium Sabouraud dextrose agar medium. The fungus was further identified as C. tropicalis by species-specific PCR and sequencing. This study revealed an infection of C. tropicalis in sows through gastrointestinal mucosa could cause fatal digestive system disease and septicemia. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, a strain of C. tropicalis was isolated and identified from the gastric tissue of sows with severe gastrointestinal diseases. PCR and sequencing of ITS-rDNA combined with morphology and histopathological assay were reliable for the identification of Candida clinically.
Assuntos
Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/veterinária , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Animais , Candida tropicalis/classificação , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candidíase/mortalidade , Candidíase/patologia , China/epidemiologia , DNA Ribossômico , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Gastroenteropatias/mortalidade , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/mortalidadeRESUMO
AIM: Tyrosol, a quorum sensing molecule in yeasts, was reported to reduce lag phase and induces hyphae formation during cell proliferation. However, evidence of any enhancing effect of tyrosol in cellular proliferation within fermentative environment is unclear. In this investigation, selected yeast cells were assessed for their ability to synthesize tyrosol followed by examining the role of the molecule during fermentation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tyrosols were characterized in four fermentative yeasts viz., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis isolated from traditional fermentative cakes of northeast India. All the isolates synthesized tyrosol while C. tropicalis exhibited filamentous growth in response to tyrosols retrieved from other isolates. Purified tyrosols showed protective behaviour in C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae under ethanol mediated oxidative stress. During fermentation, tyrosol significantly enhanced growth of W. anomalus in starch medium while C. tropicalis exhibited growth enhancement in starch and glucose sources. The chief fermentative yeast S. cerevisiae showed notable enhancement in fermentative capacity in starch medium under the influence of tyrosol con-commitment of ethanol production. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that tyrosol exerts unusual effect in cellular growth and fermentative ability of both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report of expression of tyrosol by non-conventional yeasts, where the molecule was found to exert enhancing effect during fermentation, thereby augmenting the process of metabolite production during traditional fermentation.
Assuntos
Fermentação , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Percepção de Quorum , Leveduras/metabolismo , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida/metabolismo , Candida glabrata/isolamento & purificação , Candida glabrata/metabolismo , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Etanol/toxicidade , Índia , Álcool Feniletílico/metabolismo , Saccharomyces/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomycetales/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomycetales/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction. Candida species can form biofilms on tissues and medical devices, making them less susceptible to antifungal agents.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Antifungal combination may be an effective strategy to fight against Candida biofilm.Aim. In this study, we investigated the in vitro activity of fluconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B, alone and in combination, against 17 clinical Candida tropicalis and 6 Candida parapsilosis isolates with high biofilm formation. We also tested LL-37 and lysozyme for anti-biofilm activity against a selected C. tropicalis isolate.Methodology. Candida biofilms were prepared using the 96-well plate-based method. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations were determined for single and combined antifungal drugs. The activity of LL-37 and lysozyme was determined by visual reading for planktonic cells and using the XTT assay for biofilms.Results. Under biofilm conditions, fluconazole plus caspofungin showed synergistic effects against 60.9% (14 of 23) of the tested isolates, including 70.6% of C. tropicalis [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), 0.26-1.03] and 33.3% of C. parapsilosis (FICI, 0.04-2.03) isolates. Using this combination, no antagonism was observed. Amphotericin B plus caspofungin showed no effects against 78.3% (18 of 23) of the tested isolates. Amphotericin B plus fluconazole showed no effects against 65.2% (15 of 23) of the tested isolates and may have led to antagonism against 2 C. tropicalis and 2 C. parapsilosis isolates. LL-37 and lysozyme had no effect on biofilms of the selected C. tropicalis isolate.Conclusions. We found that fluconazole plus caspofungin led to a synergistic effect against C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis biofilms. The efficacy of the antifungal combination therapies of the proposed schemes against biofilm-associated Candida infections requires careful and constant evaluation.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida parapsilosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Catelicidinas/farmacologia , Muramidase/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida parapsilosis/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Caspofungina/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Fluconazol/farmacologia , HumanosRESUMO
Candida tropicalis is a common human pathogenic yeast, and its molecular typing is important for studying the population structure and epidemiology of this opportunistic yeast, such as epidemic genotype, population dynamics, nosocomial infection, and drug resistance surveillance. In this study, the antifungal susceptibility test and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were carried out on C. tropicalis from central China. Among 64 urogenital isolates, 45 diploid sequence types (DST) were found, of which 20 DSTs (44.4%) were new to the central database. The goeBURST analysis showed that CC1 (clonal complex) was the only azole-resistant (100%, 10/10) cluster in Wuhan, which was composed of DST546, DST225, DST376, and DST506, and most of the strains (90%, 9/10) were isolated from the urinary tract. Potential nosocomial infections were mainly caused by CC1 strains. The azole resistance rate of urinary isolates (50.0%, 21/42) was higher than that of vaginal isolates (27.3%, 6/22). The genotype diversity and novelty of vaginal isolates were higher than those of urinary isolates. C. tropicalis population in Wuhan was genetically diverse and divergent from that seen in other countries. In this study, there were significant differences in genotype and azole susceptibility between urine and vaginal strains. The azole-resistant cluster (CC1) found in urine is of great significance for the clinical treatment and prevention of nosocomial infection. The newly discovered DSTs will contribute to further study the similarity, genetic relationship, and molecular epidemiology of C. tropicalis worldwide.
Assuntos
Azóis/uso terapêutico , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética , Infecções do Sistema Genital/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase/microbiologia , China/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Infecções do Sistema Genital/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções do Sistema Genital/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Candida tropicalis is an emerging fungal pathogen associated with high mortality. We aimed to compare adherence capability of C. tropicalis to polystyrene and epithelial cell lines (HeLa and Vero), and determine whether adherent blastoconidia is cell-type specific. Blastoconidia adhesion to epithelial cells and polystyrene were determined by crystal violet assay. The percentage of epithelial cells with adhered blastoconidia and the number of adhered blastoconidia per cell line were determined by light microscopy. The correlation between adhesion surfaces was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The adhesiveness of C. tropicalis to polystyrene was greater than that observed for ephitelial cells. High correlation values (r2 0.9999222, p 0.007941) were found for the adhesion capability between biotic and polystyrene surface for isolates 100.10 (obtained from blood) and 335.07 (obtained from tracheal secretion). The number of adherent blastoconidia per HeLa cell was greater in comparison to that observed for Vero cells (P<0.05). Further, high correlation (r2 1, p 0.0001) was found for the adhesion ability between HeLa cells and Vero cells. The results suggest a correlation of C. tropicalis adhesion capability among different surfaces, and that the adhesion to epithelial cells is specific to the cell type.
Assuntos
Candida tropicalis/fisiologia , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Poliestirenos , Animais , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/patogenicidade , Candida tropicalis/ultraestrutura , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Células HeLa , Humanos , Microscopia Confocal , Poliestirenos/química , Propriedades de Superfície , Células VeroRESUMO
Degradation of the prothioconazole by three strains of microorganisms isolated from activated sludge obtained from a pesticide factory was assessed, and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqTOF-MS) method for the determination of prothioconazole and its metabolites was established. The optimal conditions for the degradation of prothioconazole were determined by single factor optimization experiments. A degradation rate of 93.32% is achieved when the prothioconazole is co-cultured with the strain W313 at a cultivation time of 60 h, a cultivation temperature of 30 °C, a pH of 6.33, a prothioconazole concentration of 50 mg L-1, a microorganism volume of 10%, and a dextrose volume of 4%. The three effective microorganism strains were identified by morphological and molecular biology to be Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. UPLC-QqTOF-MS analysis allowed the identification of 62 different prothioconazole degradation products produced by the strain cultures, with prothioconazole-desthio, prothioconazole-dechloropropyl, and oxidizing prothioconazole being the main products. In addition, degradation products from different strains and conditions were compared. The results of scatter plot (S-Plot) analysis indicated that C9H7NO, C10H17N7, and C12H13ClN2O were only detected in the products incubated with Enterobacter cloacae. Thus, this study demonstrates that Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses high potential for bioremediation of prothioconazole-contaminated environments.
Assuntos
Praguicidas/análise , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Esgotos/microbiologia , Triazóis/análise , Biodegradação Ambiental , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Enterobacter cloacae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacter cloacae/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Modelos Teóricos , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Esgotos/química , Triazóis/metabolismoRESUMO
Retrospective descriptive study carried out to determine the characteristics of fungemia in 285 cancer patients hospitalized from 2012 to 2016 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN). Demographic, clinical and microbiological information was evaluated. Fungemia by C. albicans predominated in patients with solid tumors and without neutropenia, while those caused by C. tropicalis predominated in patients with hematological neoplasia and neutropenia. C. tropicalis was the agent isolated in most cases (47.0%). Fungemia increased over time in patients without neutropenia. Fungemia caused by C. albicans increases with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. It is concluded that fungemia are mainly caused by C. tropicalis in patients with hematological neoplasia with neutropenia and by C. albicans in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. In addition, fungemia in patients without neutropenia increases over time; and those caused by C. albicans increase with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia.
Con el objetivo de conocer las características de las fungemias en 285 pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados del 2012 al 2016 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se evaluó información demográfica, clínica y microbiológica. Las fungemias por C. albicans predominaron en pacientes con tumores sólidos y sin neutropenia, mientras las causadas por C. tropicalis predominaron en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas y neutropenia. C. tropicalis fue el agente más aislado (47,0%). Las fungemias aumentaron con el tiempo en los pacientes sin neutropenia. Las fungemias causadas por C. albicans aumentan con la edad en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Se concluye que las fungemias son mayormente causadas por C. tropicalis en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas con neutropenia y por C. albicans en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Además, las fungemias en pacientes sin neutropenia aumentan en el tiempo y las causadas por C. albicans, en tumores sólidos sin neutropenia, aumentan con la edad.
Assuntos
Candidíase , Fungemia , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/complicações , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Fungemia/complicações , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Fungemia/microbiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/terapia , Peru/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Aim: To compare the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis by three Candida species in diabetic mice. Materials & methods: Estrogenized and diabetic mice were challenged with C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Results: Diabetic animals infected with C. albicans and C. tropicalis maintained the highest fungal burden, despite of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), respectively. For C. glabrata, the results were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Conclusion:C. tropicalis was as invasive as C. albicans, and both were more effective than C. glabrata. This ability was attributed to filamentation, which may be stimulated by glucose levels from vaginal fluid. In addition, the high burden may be attributed to the apparent immunological inefficiency of the diabetic host.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/fisiologia , Candida glabrata/fisiologia , Candida tropicalis/fisiologia , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/microbiologia , Animais , Candida albicans/genética , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida glabrata/genética , Candida glabrata/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/etiologia , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/genética , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/etiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/genética , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Camundongos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
The signal orchestration between legumes and the rhizobia attribute to symbiotic nitrogen fixation through nodule formation. Root nodules serve as a nutrient-rich reservoir and harbor diverse microbial communities. However, the existence of non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) and their role inside the root nodules are being explored; there is no evidence on yeast microflora inhabiting nodule niche. This study focused on unraveling the presence of yeast in the root nodules and their possible function in either nodulation or signal exchange. From the root nodules of blackgram, two yeast strains were isolated and identified as Candida glabrata VYP1 and Candida tropicalis VYW1 based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. These strains possessed plant growth-promoting traits viz., IAA, ACC deaminase, siderophore, ammonia, and polyamine production. The functional capacity of endophytic yeast strains, and their interaction with Rhizobium sp. was further unveiled via profiling volatile organic compounds (VOC). Among the VOCs, α-glucopyranoside and pyrroloquinoline pitches a pivotal role in activating lectin pathways and phosphorous metabolism. Further, lectin pathways are crucial for nodulating bacterium, and our study showed that these endophytic yeasts assist nodulation by Rhizobium sp. via activating the nod factors. The plant growth-promoting traits of NRE yeast strains coupled with their metabolite production, could recruit them as potential drivers in the plant-microbe interaction.
Assuntos
Candida glabrata/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Vigna/microbiologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Candida glabrata/genética , Candida tropicalis/genética , Carbono-Carbono Liases , Endófitos/classificação , Interações Microbianas , Fixação de Nitrogênio/fisiologia , Filogenia , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Nodulação , Pirróis/análise , Quinolinas/análise , Rhizobium/fisiologia , Nódulos Radiculares de Plantas/microbiologia , Simbiose/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic infected wounds are generally difficult to manage and treatment can be particularly challenging in resource-limited settings where diagnostic testing is not readily available. In this study, the epidemiology of microbial pathogens in chronically infected wounds in rural Ghana was assessed to support therapeutic choices for physicians. METHODS: Culture-based bacterial diagnostics including antimicrobial resistance testing were performed on samples collected from patients with chronic wounds at a hospital in Asante Akim North Municipality, Ghana. Fungal detection was performed by broad-range fungal PCR and sequencing of amplicons. RESULTS: In total, 105 patients were enrolled in the study, from which 207 potential bacterial pathogens were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae (n = 84, 41%) constituted the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. On species level, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 50, 24%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 28, 14%) were predominant. High resistance rates were documented, comprising 29% methicillin resistance in S. aureus as well as resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in 33% and 58% of Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. One P. aeruginosa strain with carbapenem resistance was identified. The most frequently detected fungi were Candida tropicalis. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogen distribution in chronic wounds in rural Ghana matched the internationally observed patterns with a predominance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Very high resistance rates discourage antibiotic therapy but suggest an urgent need for microbiological diagnostic approaches, including antimicrobial resistance testing to guide the management of patients with chronic wounds in Ghana.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Feminino , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Gana/epidemiologia , Hospitais de Distrito , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção dos Ferimentos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de conocer las características de las fungemias en 285 pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados del 2012 al 2016 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se evaluó información demográfica, clínica y microbiológica. Las fungemias por C. albicans predominaron en pacientes con tumores sólidos y sin neutropenia, mientras las causadas por C. tropicalis predominaron en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas y neutropenia. C. tropicalis fue el agente más aislado (47,0%). Las fungemias aumentaron con el tiempo en los pacientes sin neutropenia. Las fungemias causadas por C. albicans aumentan con la edad en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Se concluye que las fungemias son mayormente causadas por C. tropicalis en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas con neutropenia y por C. albicans en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Además, las fungemias en pacientes sin neutropenia aumentan en el tiempo y las causadas por C. albicans, en tumores sólidos sin neutropenia, aumentan con la edad.
ABSTRACT Retrospective descriptive study carried out to determine the characteristics of fungemia in 285 cancer patients hospitalized from 2012 to 2016 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN). Demographic, clinical and microbiological information was evaluated. Fungemia by C. albicans predominated in patients with solid tumors and without neutropenia, while those caused by C. tropicalis predominated in patients with hematological neoplasia and neutropenia. C. tropicalis was the agent isolated in most cases (47.0%). Fungemia increased over time in patients without neutropenia. Fungemia caused by C. albicans increases with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. It is concluded that fungemia are mainly caused by C. tropicalis in patients with hematological neoplasia with neutropenia and by C. albicans in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. In addition, fungemia in patients without neutropenia increases over time; and those caused by C. albicans increase with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Institutos de Câncer , Candidíase , Fungemia , Pacientes , Peru/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/complicações , Candidíase/microbiologia , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fungemia/complicações , Fungemia/microbiologia , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite being associated with a high mortality and economic burden, data regarding candidemia are scant in Algeria. The aim of this study was to unveil the epidemiology of candidemia in Algeria, evaluate the antifungal susceptibility pattern of causative agents and understand the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance where applicable. Furthermore, by performing environmental screening and microsatellite typing we sought to identify the source of infection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective epidemiological-based surveillance study and collected available blood yeast isolates recovered from the seven hospitals in Algiers. To identify the source of infection, we performed environmental screening from the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) and high touch areas. Species identification was performed by API Auxa-Color and MALDI-TOF MS and ITS sequencing was performed for species not reliably identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antifungal susceptibility testing followed CLSI M27-A3/S4 and included all blood and environmental yeast isolates. ERG11 sequencing was performed for azole-resistant Candida isolates. Microsatellite typing was performed for blood and environmental Candida species, where applicable. RESULTS: Candida tropicalis (19/66) was the main cause of candidemia in these seven hospitals, followed by Candida parapsilosis (18/66), Candida albicans (18/66), and Candida glabrata (7/66). The overall mortality rate was 68.6% (35/51) and was 81.2% for C. tropicalis-infected patients (13/16). Fluconazole was the main antifungal drug used (12/51); 41% of the patients (21/51) did not receive any systemic treatment. Candida parapsilosis was isolated mainly from the hands of HCWs (7/28), and various yeasts were collected from high-touch areas (11/47), including Naganishia albida, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Typing data revealed interhospital transmission on two occasions for C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata, and the same clone of C. parapsilosis infected two patients within the same hospital. Resistance was only noted for C. tropicalis against azoles (6/19) and fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates (≥8 µg/ml) (6/19) contained a novel P56S (5/6) amino acid substitution and a previously reported one (V234F; 1/6) in Erg11p. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggest an urgent need for antifungal stewardship and infection control strategies to improve the clinical outcome of Algerian patients with candidemia. The high prevalence of C. tropicalis joined by fluconazole-resistance may hamper the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole, the frontline antifungal drug used in Algeria.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/classificação , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Mãos/microbiologia , Argélia/epidemiologia , Gestão de Antimicrobianos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/genética , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/classificação , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/microbiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Controle de Infecções , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Repetições de Microssatélites , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Filogenia , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bloodstream Candida infection is a life-threatening event among ICU admitted patients. This infection is caused by a diverse range of Candida species having varied minimum inhibitory concentrations. OBJECTIVES: To identify Candida species causing bloodstream infections with their antifungal susceptibility determination. METHODS: Candida species isolated from the blood of ICU admitted patients were identified by phenotypic as well as by molecular methods including PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme and MALDI TOF MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin was determined against isolated Candida species by CLSI M27A3 guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 119 Candida species were isolated. Among them, C. tropicalis(n=29) was the predominant isolate followed by C. parapsilosis(n=18), C. glabrata (n=12), C. krusei (n=11) and C. albicans(n=11). Uncommon Candida species isolated were; Wickerhamomyces anomalus(n=15), Kodaemia ohmeri(n=8), C. lusitaniae (n=5) and C. auris (n=2). A varied antifungal MIC values were observed. Caspofungin had the lowest MIC among the tested antifungals. Increased fluconazole MIC was observed against the isolated Candida species including C. tropicalis. All the isolated C. lusitaniae and C. auris strains have ≥1mcg/ml amphotericin B MIC. In comparison to fluconazole, voriconazole was more effective when tested in vitro. CONCLUSION: Emergence of uncommon Candida species having varied antifungal MIC warns the physicians to have a prompt, accurate identification with antifungal MIC determination in each case of bloodstream Candida infections.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Caspofungina/farmacologia , Estudos Transversais , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Voriconazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-albicans Candida spp. are an emerging cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, associated with high mortality due to the challenges in diagnosis and delayed treatment. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate a cluster of healthcare-associated invasive candidiasis caused by C tropicalis and review the literature of healthcare-associated outbreaks or clusters caused by C tropicalis. METHODS: An investigation was performed to determine clinical presentation, treatment outcomes and the factors contributing to C tropicalis candidemia occurrence. We searched the Medline database via PubMed and Ovid using the keywords of "Candida tropicalis" combined with "outbreak" or "clustering" or "clusters," and we limited the search to studies conducted from January 1989 to January 2019. RESULTS: We report two related cases of C tropicalis candidemia among patients with AML following a period of neutropenia, who had erythematous skin rash as a first manifesting sign of candidiasis. C tropicalis was isolated from blood and skin cultures of both patients, which were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. Our systematic review of outbreaks caused by C tropicalis suggests that (a) most reported outbreaks have occurred in neonatal and adult ICUs; (b) patients who receive total parenteral therapy, antibiotics and those who have indwelling catheters and recent surgery are at high risk of infection; and (c) environmental and healthcare personnel surveillance suggest that cross-contamination is a major risk factor. CONCLUSION: Control of nosocomial outbreaks caused by C tropicalis should include better infection control measures, education of healthcare professionals especially working in adult and neonatal intensive care and haematology units.
Assuntos
Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Hematologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Controle de Infecções , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Candidaemia is a common life-threatening disease among hospitalised patients, but the effect of the Candida biofilm-forming ability on the clinical outcome remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the impact of biofilms, specifically focusing on biofilm mass and metabolic activity, on the mortality in candidaemia. PATIENTS/METHODS: The clinical data of patients (n = 127) treated at the University of Debrecen, Clinical Centre, between January 2013 and December 2018, were investigated retrospectively. Biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet and XTT assays, measuring the biofilm mass and metabolic activity, respectively. Isolates were classified as low, intermediate and high biofilm producers both regarding biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The susceptibility of one-day-old biofilms to fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin was evaluated and compared to planktonic susceptibility. RESULTS: Intermediate/high biofilm mass was associated with significantly higher mortality (61%). All Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata isolates originating from fatal infections were intermediate/high biofilm producers, whereas this ratio was 85% for Candida albicans. Solid malignancy was associated with intermediate/high biofilm producers (P = .043). The mortality was significantly higher in infections caused by Candida strains producing biofilms with intermediate/high metabolic activity (62% vs. 33%, P = .010). The ratio of concomitant bacteraemia was higher for isolates forming biofilms with low metabolic activity (53% vs 28%, P = .015). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the Candida biofilms especially with intermediate/high metabolic activity are related to higher mortality in candidaemia.